New York City Sheriff's Office

The New York City Sheriff's Office (NYCSO), officially the Office of the Sheriff of the City of New York, is the primary civil law enforcement agency for New York City.[1] The Sheriff's Office is a division of the New York City Department of Finance, operating as an enforcement arm.[2] The Sheriff's Office handles investigations concerning cigarette tax enforcement, real estate property/deed fraud, synthetic narcotics sales and other matters deemed necessary by the Department of Finance.[3]

Not to be confused with the New York City Police Department or New York City Marshals.
Office of the Sheriff of the City of New York
Patch of the New York City Sheriff's Office
Flag of the City of New York City Sheriff's Office
Common nameNew York City Sheriff's Office
MottoNew York's First
Agency overview
Formed1942
Jurisdictional structure
Operations jurisdictionNew York City, New York, U.S.
Map of Office of the Sheriff of the City of New York's jurisdiction.
Size468.484 square miles (1,213.37 km2)
Population8,537,673 (2017)
Legal jurisdictionNew York City
General nature
Operational structure
Deputy sheriffs and investigators150
Agency executive
  • Joseph Fucito, Sheriff of the City of New York
Parent agencyNew York City Department of Finance
Facilities
County field offices5
Website
Official website

In addition, as the city's chief civil law enforcement agency concerning the New York State Court System, the Sheriff's Office enforces a variety of mandates, orders, warrants and decrees issued by courts. Enforcement tools include evictions, seizure of property, arrests and garnishments. Auctions are conducted for property the agency seizes and levies upon.

During the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City, the agency's responsibilities have also included enforcement of social distancing guidelines at large informal gatherings of people in violation of state and local law, regulations, and executive orders,[4][5][6] and operating quarantine checkpoints and home visitations to identify and instruct travelers arriving into New York City from high-risk states and countries.[7][8]

The Sheriff's Office is headed by a sheriff, who is appointed to the position by the mayor, unlike most sheriffs in New York State who are elected officials.[9] The sheriff is the chief civil enforcement officer for the City of New York, and automatically (ex officio) holds the position of deputy commissioner in the Department of Finance. The sheriff holds jurisdiction over all five county-boroughs within the city, with a subordinate undersheriff in charge of each one. Deputy sheriffs and criminal investigators of various ranks carry out the daily law enforcement duties of the Sheriff's Office.[10]

History

The New York City Sheriff's Office originated in 1626 under the Dutch. Under later English rule, the position became known as the New York County Sheriff's Office. Originally each of the city's five county-boroughs had its own sheriff, each of which held the widest law enforcement jurisdiction in their respective county-boroughs. Like most sheriffs in the United States, these office holders were elected to their positions. Once the city was consolidated in 1898, the New York City Police Department took over the responsibility of policing and criminal investigations throughout New York City, while the Sheriff's Office continued to focus on civil law enforcement and administering the county prison systems. Sheriffs were compensated by charging fees for enforcing civil orders in addition to keeping a monetary percentage (known as poundage) of what their office would seize. By 1915, plans were made by the Commissioner of Accounts to alter the way sheriffs were compensated to include a determined salary instead of having the office holder personally retain fees and poundage. Although fees and poundage would still be charged by sheriffs, the monies would be retained for their respective county's use only.[11] In 1938, the first female deputy sheriff was appointed.[12]

On January 1, 1942, the city's five county sheriff's offices were merged to become the Office of the Sheriff of the City of New York. The city's five county sheriffs were abolished and replaced with borough "chief deputies" (later undersheriffs) reporting to the now mayorally-appointed citywide sheriff. A contemporary report of the changes emphasized professionalization of the office, which had become notorious for employing political patronage beneficiaries. The new top five commanders were "all college graduates" and "lawyers like their chief, who promises to keep out politics".[13] At the same time, the sheriff's former responsibility for running prison systems was transferred to the newly established New York City Department of Correction.[14]

Rank Structure
Title Insignia Badge design Uniform shirt color
Sheriff
Medallion with eagle and four stars
White
First Deputy Sheriff
Medallion with eagle and three stars
White
Chief of Staff
Medallion with eagle and three stars
White
Undersheriff
Medallion with eagle and two stars
White
Deputy Sheriff - Lieutenant
Medallion with Rank
White
Deputy Sheriff - Sergeant
Shield with eagle
Dark blue
Deputy Sheriff
Shield
Dark blue

In order to be appointed as deputies, candidates must first pass a civil service entrance examination and meet educational/experiential requirements. Candidates must also pass medical and psychological examinations, physical ability tests, and a full background investigation.[15] In addition to deputy sheriffs, the Sheriff's Office employs sworn criminal investigators and an assortment of civilian support personnel.[16]

As of June 2014, Joseph Fucito was appointed the 121st Sheriff of the City of New York. Sheriff Fucito has over 25 years of experience in the New York City Sheriff's Office, and came up through the ranks of deputy sheriff. He has commanded a wide variety of units and county offices, and also served as acting sheriff two separate times before his official appointment to sheriff.[17]

Uniform of the Sheriff's Office is a typical NYC law enforcement agent's uniform, with a dark blue shirt with metal badge and collar pins, dark blue trousers, tie, jacket and peaked cap. The Field Support Unit wears a less formal version without metal badges and pins, and with writing on their shirts and jackets. A variety of vests, gloves and other appropriate gear for the season/duty can be worn.[18]

Operational structure

The New York City Sheriff's Office is composed of three sections: Operations, Intelligence, and Support.[19]

Operations section

The operations section is composed of the five county field offices and certain units working citywide. Within the county field offices, deputy sheriffs assigned to civil enforcement duties are referenced as Law Enforcement Bureau (LEB) personnel. LEB deputies perform a wide array of tasks such as evictions,[20] civil arrest warrants,[21] orders to commit, and the seizure and sale of property pursuant to judicial mandates.[22][23] Businesses and individuals that owe the city money pursuant to unpaid tax warrants, environmental control board summons and fire and health code violation fines are targeted for enforcement action. LEB deputies also serve a wide variety of legal process,[24] with orders of protection considered a priority. Each county field office is complemented by civilian support staff to assist in daily administrative functions and customer service. These field offices are accessible to the public, giving citizens of the county/borough a local place to file court process in need of enforcement.[25] Deputies of the Operations Section may be assigned to duties separate from the LEB, either within a county field office or citywide. These duties include arrests and apprehensions on behalf of other non enforcement city agencies such as the Human Resources Administration, the Department of Health and Mental Hygiene and the Administration for Children's Services. Deputies may be assigned to scofflaw enforcement or security duties at the city treasury. The Operations Section will also provide deputies for any other assignment as deemed necessary by the agency.[19]

Intelligence section

The intelligence section is composed of the Bureau of Criminal Investigation (BCI) and the Intelligence Unit. The BCI investigates city tax violation,[26] real property larceny/deed fraud,[27][28] synthetic narcotic enforcement (such as spice/K2 and bath salts)[29] and other offenses against the Department of Finance. The Intelligence Unit collects, analyzes, and disseminates information from various sources to be readily available for agency use.

Support section

The support section handles communications, property disposition, evidence destruction and field support services for the agency.[19]

Power and authority

Deputy sheriffs and Criminal Investigators (Sheriff Detective and Sheriff Investigator) are New York State peace officers with authority to make warrantless arrests, issue summonses, carry and use a firearm, conducted energy device, baton, pepper spray, handcuffs. Deputy sheriffs receive their peace officer status pursuant to the New York State Criminal Procedure Law (CPL) §2.10 subdivision 2, while criminal investigators receive their peace officer status from CPL §2.10 subdivision 5.

Deputy sheriffs are also civil enforcement officers with authority to enforce the New York State Civil Practice Law and Rules (CPLR) concerning civil procedure.[30]

Special officers

The Sheriff's office also employs Special Officers who support the deputy sheriffs and criminal investigators. Their uniform patch is similar to the NYPD's School Safety and Traffic Enforcement divisions, with "PUBLIC SAFETY" over the top of the Sheriff patch, to distinguish them from deputies.[31] The Sheriff's Special Officers work as part of the team of sheriff's deputies and detectives and perform bailiff functions and protect the NYC Finance Administrative Hearings Tribunals.[31]

Ranks

  1. Special Officer.
  2. Special Officer Sergeant.

Fallen officers

Since the establishment of the sheriff's offices throughout the five counties of New York City, seven sworn officers have died in the line of duty.[32]

Officer Department Date of Death Details
Deputy Sheriff Isaac Smith Bronx County Sheriff's Office
Thursday, May 17, 1792
 Gunfire
Deputy Sheriff Henry Wendelstorf Queens County Sheriff's Department
Friday, June 25, 1897
 Assault
Sheriff Paul Stier Queens County Sheriff's Department
Friday, October 13, 1916
 Gunfire
Keeper Morris Broderson Bronx County Sheriff's Office
Thursday, July 19, 1928
 Gunfire
Keeper Daniel D. Horgan Bronx County Sheriff's Office
Thursday, July 19, 1928
 Gunfire
Deputy Sheriff John T. Miller Queens County Sheriff's Department
Thursday, March 30, 1939
 Automobile accident
Deputy Sheriff Fred D'Amore Queens County Sheriff's Department
Thursday, March 30, 1939
 Automobile accident

Historical sheriffs

New York City

Effective January 1, 1942, one citywide sheriff began serving all five counties within the City of New York. The following is a list of the citywide sheriffs since the original five county positions were merged. The position is appointed by the Mayor of New York City.

Order Name Term Notes and references
106John J. McCloskey1942–1971He was the first to serve all five counties.[33]
107H. William Kehl1971–1973
108Joseph P. Brennan1973–1974
109Frederick Weinberger1974–1975Acting sheriff
110Edward A. Pichler1975–1987
111Vincent M. Pharao1987–1989
112Harry Weisberg1989–1990Acting sheriff
113Philip A. Crimaldi1990–1994
114Kerry Katsorhis1994–1995
115Raul Russi1995–1996
116Teresa Mason1996–2000First female to serve as sheriff of New York City
117Henry Coira2001–2001Acting sheriff
118Caliph T. Mathis2001–2002
119Lindsay Eason2002–2010
120Joseph Fucito2010–2011Acting sheriff
121Edgar A. Domenech2011–2014He was the 121st Sheriff of New York City including acting sheriffs in the count. "Mr. Domenech will become the city’s 117th sheriff [excluding acting sheriffs] and will oversee a staff of 174 employees, including 118 deputy sheriffs, and an annual budget of $16 million."[34]
122Joseph Fucito2014–present

Kings County
Name Term Notes and references
Sheriff Stillwell1683-1685Term began in October
Roeloff Martense1685-1686Term began in October
Gerrit Strycker1686-1690Term began in October
Myndert Coerten1690-1691Term began on December 13, 1690
Gerrit Strycker1691-1694Term began on March 21, 1691
Jacobus Kiersted1694-1698Term began on May 24, 1694
Englebert Lott1698-1699Term began in October
John Elbertson1699-1700Term began in October
Benjamin Vandewater1700-1702October
Richard Stillwell1702-1715October
Benjamin Vandewater1715-1717October. This was his second non-consecutive term.
Tunis Lott1717-1730October
Dominicus Vanderveer1730-1736October. This was his second non-consecutive term.
Peter Strycker1736-1738October
Dominicus Vanderveer1738-1740Term started on February 24, 1738
Jacobus Ryder1740-1754October
Maurice Lott1754-1762October
Rem Vanderbilt1762-1763October
Jeremiah Vanderbilt1763-1766October
Nicholas Couwenhoven1766Term began in October
Alexander Forbush1766-1767Term started on November 24, 1766
Rutger Van Brunt1767-1784Term began in October
William Boerum1784-1785Term began on February 4
Peter Vandervoort1785-1788Term began on September 28
Charles Turnbull (sheriff)1788-1791Term began on December 29
John Vanderveer1791-1793Term began on March 8
Cornelius Bergen1793-1797Term began on February 18, 1793
Peter S. Cortelyou1797-1800Term began on February 7, 1797
Cornelius Bergen1800-1804Term began on February 17, 1800
John Schoonmaker1804-1807Term began on February 16
Benjamin Birdsall (sheriff)1807-1810Term began on March 9
John Dean (sheriff)1810-1811Term began on February 26, 1810.
Abiel Titus1811Term began on February 5
William D. Creed1811-1813Term began on June 5
John Dean (sheriff)1813-1815Term began on March 23
Lawrence Brower1815-1817Term began on March 28
Jacob Garrison1817Term began on March 19
John Wyckoff (sheriff)1817-1821Term began on August 29
John Teunis Bergen (1786-1855)1821-1822Term began on February 12, 1821.[35]
John Teunis Bergen (1786-1855)1822-1825Term began in November 1822.
John Wyckoff1825-1828November
John Teunis Bergen1828-1831Term began in November 1828. He resigned from office. This was his second non-consecutive term.
John Lawrence (sheriff)1831-1834He was appointed vice sheriff (acting sheriff) on March 15, 1831 to replace John Teunis Bergen, who had resigned.
John Van Dyne1834-1837November
William M. Udall1837-1841November
Francis B. Strycker1841-1843November
William Jenkins (sheriff)1843-1846November
Daniel Van Voorhies1846-1849November
Andrew B. Hodges1849-1852November
Englebert Lott1852-1855November
Jerome Ryerson1855-1857November. He died in office.
George Remson1857Appointed vice sheriff (acting sheriff) on April 3, 1857 to complete the term of Jerome Ryerson.
Burdett Stryker1857-1860November
Anthony F. Campbell1860-1863November
John McNamee (sheriff)1863-1866November
Patrick Campbell (sheriff)1866-1869November
Anthony Walter (sheriff)1869-1872November
Aras G. Williams1872-1875November
Albert Daggett1875-1878November
Thomas M. Riley1878-1881November
Lewis R. Stegman1881-1884Term began in November.[36][37]
Charles B. Farley1884-1887November
Clark D. Rhinehart1887-1890November
John Courtney (sheriff)1890-1893
William J. Buttling1893-1898November
Frank D. Creamer (1859-1913)1898-1900[38]
William Waltton1900-1902
Charles S. Guden1902He was removed from office by Governor Benjamin Odell in 1902.[39]
Norman Staunton Dike, Sr. (1862-1953)1902He was born in 1862. He was appointed as vice sheriff (acting sheriff) by Governor Benjamin Odell in 1902 to complete the term of Sheriff Guden.[39] He died on April 15, 1953.[39][40]
William E. Melody 1903 He was elected November 1902 and took office in January 1903.[41]
Henry Hesterberg1904-1908
Alfred T. Hobley1908-1910He was elected on November 5, 1907 and took office on January 1, 1908.
J. S. Shea1910-1912Crowley Wentworth (1869-1928) was the deputy sheriff.[42]
Julis Harburger1912-1913
Charles Blakeslee Law (1872–1929)1913-1914Term expired on December 31, 1913.[43]
Lewis M. Swasey1914-1915Term expired on December 31, 1915
Edward J. Riegelmann (1870–1941)1916-1917[44]
Daniel Joseph Griffin (1880-1926)1918-1919He was born in 1880. His term expired on December 31, 1919. He died in 1926.[45]
John Drescher1920-1921Term expired on December 31, 1921
P. B. Seery1922-1923Term expired on December 31, 1923
John N. Harman1924-1925> He was the Park Commissioner prior to sheriff. Term expired on December 31, 1925
Frank J. Taylor1926-1927Term expired on December 31, 1927
Herman M. Hessberg1929-1930Term expired on December 31, 1930
James V. Mangano 1938-1941 Last Sheriff of King's County.[46]

Queens County
Name Term Notes and references
Sheriff Thomas M. Quinn1910
Paul Stier? to 1916He died on October 13, 1916 while trying to arrest Frank Taff at Whitestone Landing.[47]

New York County

The first Sheriff of New York County, Jan Lampo, was in office in 1626, although his title was Schout. Prior to 1942 the Sheriff of New York County was an elected position.

Name Term Notes and references
Marinus Willett (1740-1830)1784-1787Appointed on Feb 4 1784
Robert Boyd1787-1791Appointed on Sep 29 1787
Marinus Willett (1740-1830)1791-1795Appointed on Sep 29 1791
Jacob John Lansing1795-1798Appointed on Sep 29 1795
James Morris (1764-1827)1798-1801Appointed on Dec 29 1798
John Stagg, Jr. (-1803)1801-1803Appointed on Aug 10 1801. Died on Aug 29 1803
Joseph Constant1803-1807Appointed on Oct 7 1803
William Cutting1807-1808Appointed on Feb 17 1807
Benjamin Ferris1808-1810Appointed on Feb 16 1808
Edward Dunscomb1810-1811Appointed on Feb 13 1810
Benjamin Ferris1811-1813Appointed on Feb 19 1811
Thomas R. Mercein1813Appointed on Mar 5 1813. Declined the appointment
Simon Fleet1813-1815Appointed on Mar 16 1813
Ruggles Hubbard1815-1817Appointed on Apr 20 1815. Resigned Aug 1817
James L. Bell (-1825)1817-1821Appointed on Aug 27 1817
Mordecai Manuel Noah (1785-1851)1821-1823Appointed on Feb 13 1821
Peter Hercules Wendover (1768-1834)1823-1826[48]
Oliver M. Lownds (1799-1844)1826-1829
James Shaw (-1847)1829-1832
Jacob Westervelt (1794-1881)1832-1835
John Hillyer (1789-1874)1835-1838
Jacob Acker (1793-1849)1838-1841
Monmouth B. Hart (1803-1880)1841-1844
Col. William Jones1844-1847
John Jacob V.B. Westervelt (1805–1866)1847-1850
Thomas Carnley (1800-1857)1850-1853
John Orser (1808-1870)1853-1856
James C. Willet (1810-1864)1856-1859
Aaron B. Rollins (1818-1878)1853 to 1859Deputy sheriff.[49]
John Kelly (1822-1886)1859-1862
James Lynch (1821-1872)1862-1865
John Kelly (1822-1886)1865-1868
James O'Brien (1841-1907)1868-1871[50][51]
Matthew T. Brennan (1822-1879)1871-1874
William C. Conner (1821-1881)1874-1877
Bernard Reilly (1827-1890)1877-1880[52]
Peter Bowe (1833-1903)1880-1883He was born in 1833 in Ireland.[53] He was elected sheriff in November 1879 on the Irving Hall ticket, and took office on January 1, 1880. Joel O. Stevens was his Under-Sheriff and Daniel E. Finn, Sr. (1845-1910) was his Deputy Sheriff.[52] He died on March 2, 1903.[53]
Alexander V. Davidson1883-1886
Bernard F. Martin, (1845-1914)circa 1885Deputy sheriff.[54]
Hugh J. Grant (1858-1910)1886-1889He later served as the 88th Mayor of New York City
James A. Flack (1830-1905)1889-1890He resigned Mar 26 1890 after convicted of conspiracy to obtain an illegal divorce
Daniel Edgar Sickles (1819-1914)1890-1891Appointed by Gov. Hill on Mar 29 1890
John J. Gorman (1828-1895)1891-1894
Charles M. Clancy (1841-1894)1894He died Feb 25 1894
John B. Sexton (1855-1910)1894-1895Appointed by Gov. Flowers on Feb 27 1894
Edward J.H. Tamsen, Sr. (1849-1907)1895-1898He was born in Hamburg, Germany in 1849. He was elected sheriff of New York County in November 1894. Governor Levi Parsons Morton removed him from office in 1896.[55] He died on July 24, 1907.
Thomas J. Dunn (1852-1905)1898-1900
William F. Grell (1852-1929)1900-1902
William J. O'Brien (1857-1917)1902-1904
Mitchell L. Erlanger (1857-1940)1904-1906
Nicholas J. Hayes (1856-1928)1906-1908[56][57]
Thomas F. Foley (1852-1925)1908-1910He was elected in November 1907 and took office on January 1, 1908.[56]
John S. Shea (1870-1944)1910-1912
Julius Harburger (1850-1914)1912-1914[58]
Max Samuel Grifenhagen (1861–1932)1914-1916Max Samuel Grifenhagen (May 12, 1861 – October 28, 1932) was a Jewish American entrepreneur, businessman, manufacturer, and notable Republican politician in New York in the early 1900s. He was the noted sheriff of New York County (present day Manhattan), an alderman, and a city registrar.
Al Smith (1873-1944)1916-1918"As a reward for faithful service, Tammany's leaders named Mr. Smith as their candidate for Sheriff of New York while the convention was still in session. At that time the office of Sheriff was still on the fee system and was worth at least $50,000 (approximately $1,264,000 today) a year to the incumbent." Note: This number appears too large to be accurate.[59]
David H. Knott (1879-1954)1918-1922
Percival E. Nagle (1859-1923)1922-1923He died Dec 28 1923
Peter Joseph Dooling (1857-1931)1924Appointed by Gov. Smith on Jan 16 1924[60]
H. Warren Hubbard (-1946)1924-1926
Charles W. Culkin (1873-1962)1926-1929
Thomas M. Farley (1890-1934)1930-1932Removed from office by Gov. Roosevelt on Feb 24 1932
John E. Sheehy (1883-1945)1932-1933Appointed by Gov. Roosevelt on Feb 29 1932
Joseph T. Higgins (1891-1980)1933-1934
Daniel E. Finn, Sr. (1880-1949)1934-1938
Daniel E. Finn, Jr. (1905-1959)1938-1941
Robert P. Levis (1876-1943)1941Elected on Nov 4 1941 but the office was abolished under consolidation. Appointed by Mayor LaGuardia on Jan 1 1942 as a magistrate
James George Donovan (1898-1987)1934 to 1941Undersheriff.[61] After 1941 one sheriff served all five counties.

Richmond County
Name Term Notes and references
Harman Barkaloo Cropsey, Jr. (circa 1775-?)1829 to 1831
William J. Dempsey? to 1941He was the last Sheriff of Richmond County, New York before the office became the New York City Sheriff's Office.[62][63]

Bronx County
Name Term Notes and references
James F. O'Brien (1868 - 1929)[64]1920 to 1922First Sheriff of the County of The Bronx
James F. Donnelly1918[65][66] to 1920[67]
Thomas H. O'Neill1920 to 1922
Edward Joseph Flynn (1891-1953)1922 to 1925
Lester W. Patterson (1893–1947)[68]
Robert L. Moran (1884-1954)1930 to 1933
John J. Hanley

See also

References
  1. "Divisions". NYC Department of Finance.
  2. http://codes.lp.findlaw.com/nycode/NYC/58/1526 "New York City Charter § 1526 Office of city sheriff. 1. There shall be within the department an office of the city sheriff which shall be subject to the supervision and control of the commissioner of finance. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the commissioner of finance may exercise or assign within the department such management functions of the office of the sheriff, including but not limited to those functions related to the appointment and removal of deputy sheriffs and other personnel of such office pursuant to the civil service law, as he or she may deem appropriate to achieve effective and efficient functioning and management of such office. 2. Except as otherwise provided by law, the city sheriff shall exercise the functions, powers and duties formerly exercised by the sheriffs of the several counties.
  3. https://www1.nyc.gov/site/finance/sheriff-courts/sheriff.page
  4. Sanz, Catherine (July 30, 2020). "New York authorities break up alleged sex party in crackdown on large gatherings amid coronavirus". ABCNews.com. Retrieved July 30, 2020.
  5. Wang, Wilson (September 28, 2020). "NYC sheriffs break up indoor wedding with nearly 300 guests". NBCNews.com. Retrieved September 29, 2020.
  6. NBC New York (November 14, 2020). "NYC Sheriffs Break Up 2 More Illegal Weekend Parties". Retrieved December 23, 2020.
  7. Salmieri, Alexandra (August 8, 2020). "NYC quarantine checkpoints: Here's what happens when vehicles are stopped". SILive.com. Retrieved September 29, 2020.
  8. Booker, Brakkton (December 23, 2020). "New York To Use Sheriff's Deputies To Enforce Quarantine For Those Arriving From U.K." NPR. Retrieved December 25, 2020.
  9. http://codes.lp.findlaw.com/nycode/NYC/58/1502 "The mayor may appoint three deputy commissioners. In addition, the mayor shall appoint one deputy commissioner whose functions shall be to serve as the city sheriff. The commissioner and deputy commissioners shall provide a bond. The first deputy commissioner shall supervise and be responsible for the operations of the parking violations bureau."
  10. https://www1.nyc.gov/site/finance/about/divisions.page
  11. "Fees Of $400,000 To Five Sheriffs. Commissioner Wallstein Reports Collections Made by the Officials in Nine Years. In Favor of Bill Which Proposes to Limit Income of the Office to a Salary" (PDF). New York Times. February 25, 1915.
  12. "Woman Named Sheriff's Aide". New York Times. January 5, 1938.
  13. "McCLOSKEY PICKS HIS 5 CHIEF AIDES" (PDF). New York Times. 2 January 1942. Retrieved 9 January 2012.
  14. McKinley, Jesse. "F.Y.I.", The New York Times, November 27, 1994. Accessed January 21, 2008. "Established in 1626, the Sheriff's office in Manhattan and its equivalents in the other boroughs served as a major part of the patchwork of law-enforcement agencies that existed before the city's consolidation in 1898. After that, the new New York City Police Department took over all the responsibility for Policing and criminal investigations in New York City. Prior to the merger into one department, the sheriff was responsible for maintaining the city jails and maintained custody over all inmates sentenced or awaiting trial for criminal cases. In 1941, The city charter was amended by public referendum votes to transfer custodial duties of inmates in criminal cases to the New York City Department of Correction. Today, the city sheriff's primary duties are enforcing court-ordered judgments and fines, including unpaid parking tickets and littering fines, and collecting judgments from reluctant losers in private lawsuits, said John George, the Sheriff's executive assistant. "
  15. http://nyc-dsa.org/about-us/
  16. https://www1.nyc.gov/site/finance/sheriff-courts/sheriff-courts.page
  17. Matthew Taub. "Talking Deed Fraud With the City Sheriff and Finance Commissioner - Brooklyn Brief". Brooklyn Brief.
  18. https://twitter.com/nycsheriff/status/826230894998478848
  19. http://nyc-dsa.org/
  20. "Evictions". NYC Department of Finance.
  21. "sheriff-arrest-warrants". NYC Department of Finance.
  22. "sheriff-collecting-judgments". NYC Department of Finance.
  23. "Collecting Judgments & Orders of Seizure". NYC Department of Finance.
  24. "Serving Process". NYC Department of Finance.
  25. "contact-us-by-visit In-Person". NYC Department of Finance.
  26. "sheriff-tax-evasion-deed-fraud". NYC Department of Finance.
  27. Ernest Johnson. "New York City Police Officer Indicted for Stealing Townhouse; Allegedly Transferred Title to Bedford-Stuyvesant Property to Herself – The Brooklyn District Attorney's Office". Brooklyn District Attorney.
  28. Ernest Johnson. "Long Island Men Charged In Connection With Stealing Nine Homes From Owners by Illegally Transferring Titles, Filing False Documents – The Brooklyn District Attorney's Office". Brooklyn District Attorney.
  29. "Manhattan U.S. Attorney Announces Major Law Enforcement Action Taken Against Synthetic Cannabinoid Manufacturers And Distributors, Including Criminal Charges Against Ten Members Of An International Trafficking Organization". U.S. Department of Justice.
  30. "Sheriff / Court & Trust Funds". NYC Department of Finance.
  31. https://twitter.com/NYCSHERIFF/status/943893500889845760
  32. The Officer Down Memorial Page Archived 2008-04-15 at the Wayback Machine
  33. "Sheriff Choices Upheld. Court Rules Against Seekers After New City Jobs". New York Times. June 19, 1942.
  34. Harris, Elizabeth A. (December 7, 2010). "City Sheriff Is Named (You Read That Right)". New York Times. Retrieved 2016-02-01.
  35. "John Teunis Bergen". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 2016-01-29.
  36. "Col. L. R. Stegman Dies in Brooklyn. Once Sheriff of Kings County, Civil War Veteran and Journalist was 84". New York Times. October 8, 1923. Retrieved 2010-11-30.
  37. "Charged With Stealing. Indictment And Arrest Of Ex-Sheriff Stegman, Of Kings County" (PDF). The New York Times. May 13, 1886. Retrieved 2015-12-22.
  38. "Ex-Sheriff Creamer Dies" (PDF). New York Times. July 20, 1913.
  39. "Guden "Morally Unfit". Gov. Odell's Stated Reason for Removing Kings County Sheriff. Col. N. S. Dike Succeeds Him. His Own Testimony, Says the Official Decision, Proved Him Incapable and Unqualified for a Public Trust". New York Times. March 8, 1902. Retrieved 2016-01-29.
  40. "Norman Dike Dies. On Bench 25 Years. Former State Supreme Court Justice, Had Been Kings County Judge, Sheriff". New York Times. April 16, 1953.
  41. "Sheriff Melody Assumes Office". The Daily Standard Union. 2 January 1903. p. 12.
  42. "Crowley Wentworth Dies From Injuries. Body of Former Attorney in U.S. Department of Justice Sent to Washington After Services Here". New York Times. January 12, 1928.
  43. "Charles Blakeslee Law". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 2016-01-29.
  44. "Ed Riegelmann, Ex-Justice. Former Borough President of Brooklyn Served in Supreme Court for 14 Years. Reached Age Limit in '39. One-Time Kings County Sheriff, Who Began as Messenger. Had Practiced Law Here". New York Times. January 16, 1941.
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  47. "Two Wives Share in Estate. One Is Widow of Sheriff Stier, the Other Her Sister, Whom He Divorced". New York Times. October 29, 1916.
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  57. "Nicholas J. Hayes Dies Suddenly. Commissioner Of Water Supply Is Stricken With Heart Disease In His Home. Once a Power In Tammany. Served as Sheriff And as Head Of Fire Department. Was Friend Of Late C. F. Murphy". New York Times. January 3, 1928. Retrieved 2010-03-25.
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  63. "Sheriff Turns Over Office". New York Times. January 4, 1942.
  64. "J.F. O'BRIEN DEAD; A BRONX OFFICIAL; Had Been Deputy Commissioner of Records for the County Since 1918. WAS ITS FIRST SHERIFF Began Career as Store Clerk-- Became General Superintendent of Large Clothing Firm". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 September 2018.
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