Natalio Botana

Natalio Félix Botana Miralles (Sarandí del Yí, September 8, 1888 – San Salvador de Jujuy, August 7, 1941), was an Uruguayan journalist and entrepreneur, mostly known for having founded the Argentine newspaper Crítica in 1913.[1][2][3] Published until 1962, Crítica was the most widely circulated newspaper in Latin America.[4]

Natalio Félix Botana
Born	Natalio Félix Botana Miralles September 8, 1888 Sarandí del Yí, Uruguay
Died	August 7, 1941 (aged 52) Jujuy, Argentina
Nationality	Uruguayan
Occupation	Media entrepreneur
Years active	1913–1941
Notable work	Crítica newspaper

Botana was a pioneer of the sensationalist media in Argentina, being considered as one of the most influential personalities of the 20th century in that country.[5]

He also presided the Argentine Football Association during a brief period in 1926.[6]

Biography

He was born into a family of landowners whose commercial activities were often affected by continued political wars that erupted between the country's political parties: White and Colorados.

When Botana arrived in Buenos Aires in 1911, he started to work in different newspapers until he was hired by La Razón, the main evening paper that sold 76,000 copies at the time.[5] Two years later, at the age of 25, he founded his own newspaper, Crítica, which was a pioneer in the Argentine media with its sensationalist style. Crítica had also a wide coverage of news on the crime, focusing on information rather than opinion.[5]

Crìtica became a huge success, reaching its peak in the 1920s and 1930s, where increased its daily circulation from 9,000 to 30,000 copies. The newspaper then added a new edition and two supplements, one covering sports (mostly notable, the "fight of the century", Jack Dempsey vs. Luis Ángel Firpo in 1923) and the another one about culture, named Crítica Magazine, with some notable writers collaborating with it, including Raúl González Tuñón, Roberto Arlt,[7][8] Jorge Luis Borges,[9] Enrique González Tuñón,[10] Carlos de la Púa,[11]Bernardo Verbitsky.

The basement of his house in Don Torcuato, a Buenos Aires suburb served in 1933 as the site for Plastic Exercise by exiled Mexican muralist David Alfaro Siqueiros.[3]

Botana died in a car accident in 1941.

Personal life

Botana was married to the writer Onrubia Salvadora Medina, and his daughter Georgina was the mother of comedian and writer Raúl Damonte Botana, known by the pseudonym of Copi, who was a successful artist in France with his strip La femme assise (the sit woman), published during ten years on Le Nouvel Observateur.[12][5]

His nephew is the famous political scientist Natalio R. Botana, who has written articles for La Nación.[5]

Literary references

• Leopoldo Marechal, in his novel Adán Buenosayres, condemned Botana to live in the seven circle of hell, describing him as the absolute boss of a giant rotary machine whose rolls devore and smash men until turning them into paper. The novel also shows Botana confesing how he realised a match box contained one less unit than described on the packaging. After discovering that, he threatened the manufacturer to reveal it on the front page of Crítica. As a result, the owner of the factory paid a fortune to avoid that to be published.
• In his biography Confieso que he vivido, Chilean poet Pablo Neruda tells an adventure which happened at the Botana's weekend house at Don Torcuato.[13]
• Argentine writer Ariel Magnus in El que mueve las piezas, tells a war novel where Botana lives with his grandfather.[14]
• Spanish writer Elena Fortún (who had met Botana during her exile in Buenos Aires) inspired on Botana to the character "the doctor" of her book Celia Institutriz en América,[15][16] published in 1944.

See also

• Crítica de la Argentina

References

1. Abós, Álvaro: El Tábano: Vida, pasión y muerte de Natalio Botana. (The Horsefly: Life, passion and death of Natalio Botana) Buenos Aires: Sudamericana, 2001.
2. "ARGENTINE SITS ON POWDER KEG". Los Angeles Times. May 8, 1931. p. 7. Retrieved 17 March 2012. The newspaper La Critics, influential Spanish language daily, has been suspended for an indefinite period and its editor, Natalio Botana ...
3. Krauss, Clifford (August 2, 2001). "ARTS ABROAD; Argentina Fights to Save Mural by Mexican Painter". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 March 2012. he found refuge in the home of Natalio Botana, a free-spirited newspaper publisher who enjoyed playing host to avant-garde intellectuals like Pablo Neruda, the Chilean poet, and Federico García Lorca, the Spanish playwright
4. Diario sobre Diarios Archived 2009-03-23 at the Wayback Machine (in Spanish)
5. Natalio Botana: sensacionalismo, poder y extravagancia by Meke Paradela on La Izquierda Diario, 7 Aug 2017
6. La rápida y portentosa vida de Natalio Botana by Miguel Arregui on El Observador, 12 Apr 2017
7. La Buenos Aires de Arlt en Crítica, Diario de Flores, 10 Sep 2013
8. ROBERTO ARLT by Sylvia Saítta and Luis Alberto Romero on Página/12, 19 Jan 2006
9. EL CIUDADANO BOTANA by Daniel Link on Página/12,
10. Sexualidad y desmitificación en las glosas de Enrique González Tuñón, VIII Jornadas Andinas de Literatura Latinoamericana. UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE, SANTIAGO DE CHILE, 2008
11. Diálogos culturales en la literatura iberoamericana: Actas del XXXIX Congreso del Instituto Internacional de Literatura Iberoamericana by Concepción Reverte Bernal, Editorial Verbum, 2013
12. Raúl Damonte Copi on Anagrama Editorial
13. El día en que Neruda amó a la mujer de Siqueiros by Rodrigo González on La Tercera, 28 Jun 2009
14. El que mueve las piezas: (una novela bélica) published by Tusquets Editores, 2017
15. CELIA INSTITUTRIZ EN AMÉRICA on Editorial Renacimiento
16. Celia institutriz en América on Google Books