Nannophryne cophotis

Nannophryne cophotis
Conservation status
	; Critically endangered, possibly extinct (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Anura
Family:	Bufonidae
Genus:	Nannophryne
Species:	N. cophotis
Binomial name
	Nannophryne cophotis; Boulenger, 1900
Synonyms
	Bufo cophotis Boulenger, 1900; Chaunus cophotis (Boulenger, 1900);

Nannophryne cophotis, or the Paramo toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae[1][2] that is endemic to northern Peru.[1] Its natural habitats are puna grassland, high-altitude plateaus, and dry scrubland; it also occurs agricultural land (e.g., potato and maize fields). It breeds in temporary small ponds and permanent shallow streams at altitudes of 2000-4100 meters asl. Individuals have not been recorded since 2005, after what was believed to be a severe decline in its population. It was last known from: Granja Porcón & El Empalme (1999-2000); La Libertad (2003); Ancash (2004); and Cajamarca (2005). If a population exists it is believed to have 0-49 individuals remaining threatened from loss of habitat, pollution, conversion of land for farming, small and large-scale mining concessions, and the modification of waterways.[3]

References

Frost, Darrel R. (2014). "Nannophryne cophotis (Boulenger, 1900)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
"Bufonidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2015. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. 2018. Nannophryne cophotis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T54615A89196913. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T54615A89196913.en. Downloaded on 22 December 2018.

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[frost-1] Frost, Darrel R. (2014). "Nannophryne cophotis (Boulenger, 1900)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 7 March 2015.

[AmphibiaWeb-2] "Bufonidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2015. Retrieved 7 March 2015.

[3] IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. 2018. Nannophryne cophotis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T54615A89196913. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T54615A89196913.en. Downloaded on 22 December 2018.