N-Methylconiine

N-Methylconiine is a poisonous alkaloid found in poison hemlock in small quantities.

N-Methylconiine
Names
IUPAC name
1-Methyl-2-propylpiperidine
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
3DMet
79936
ChEBI
ChemSpider
KEGG
UNII
Properties
C9H19N
Molar mass 141.258 g·mol−1
Density (d) 0.8318 g cm−3 at 24.3 °C

(l) 0.8349 g cm−3 at 20 °C

Boiling point 173 to 174 °C (343 to 345 °F; 446 to 447 K)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Isolation and properties

The d-(+)-stereoisomer of N-methylconiine is reported to occur in hemlock in small quantities,[1] and methods for its isolation are described by Wolffenstein[2] and by von Braun.[3] It is a colourless, oily, coniine-like liquid, specific rotation [α]D +81.33° at 24.3 °C. The salts are crystalline ("B" marks one molecule of the base): the hydrochloride, B•HCl, forms masses of needles, mp. 188 °C; the platinichloride, B2•H2PtCl6, has mp. 158 °C.

The l-(−)-stereoisomer was obtained by Ahrens[4] from residues left in the isolation of coniine as hydrobromide or by removing coniine as the nitroso-compound. It is a colourless, coniine-like liquid, bp. 175.6 °C/767 mmHg, specific rotation [α]D −81.92° at 20 °C. The monohydrochloride crystallises in leaflets, mp. 191–192 °C; the monohydrobromide in leaflets, mp. 189–190 °C; the platinichloride in orange crystals, mp. 153–154 °C; the aurichloride in leaflets, mp. 77–78 °C; and the picrate in long needles, mp. 121–122 °C.

Synthesis

N-Methyl-d-coniine was prepared by the action of potassium methyl sulfate on coniine by Passon.[5] Hess and Eichel[6] have shown that d-coniine with formaldehyde and formic acid yields an active N-methyl-d-coniine, and that methyl-isopelletierine hydrazone yields N-methyl-dl-coniine when heated with sodium ethoxide at 150–170 °C.

References
  1. Planta and Kekulé, Annalen, 1854, 89, 150.
  2. Ber., 1894, 27, 2615; 1895, 28, 302
  3. Ber., 1905, 38, 3108; 1917, 50, 1477.
  4. Ber., 1902, 35, 1330; cf. Löffler and Friedrich, ibid., 1909, 42, 107.
  5. Ber., 1891, 24, 1678.
  6. Ber., 1917, 50, 1386; 1919, 52, 1622; 1920, 53, 129.
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