Mycalesis patnia

Mycalesis patnia, the glad-eye bushbrown,[2][3] is a satyrid butterfly found in southern India and Sri Lanka.[2][3]

Glad-eye bushbrown
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Nymphalidae
Genus:	Mycalesis
Species:	M. patnia
Binomial name
Mycalesis patnia (Moore, 1857)[1]
Synonyms
Mycalesis junonia Butler, 1868

Description

In Nawalakanda, Rathnapura, Sri Lanka

Upperside: The male has a dark umber-brown ground colour slightly suffused with ochraceous. Forewings and hindwings with bright ochraceous-yellow, slender sub-terminal and terminal lines; cilia pale brown. Forewing with a large median and a much smaller subapical white-centred black ocellus, each with an orange-yellow iris, the upper portion of the iris round the median ocellus very broad, the lower incomplete and a more or less triangular orange-yellow discal patch. Hindwing uniform, with two very small fulvous-ringed black ocelli.[4]

Underside of male deep ochraceous yellow, subterminal and terminal line as on the upperside; forewing and hindwing crossed near base by a darker ochraceous-yellow line, followed by a silvery discal band, beyond which there are two ocelli as on the upperside, but each encircled also by an outer silvery ring; and on the hindwing a curved series of seven similar ocelli having a silvery band bordering them on both sides, the third and fourth ocelli from tornus together and the apical ocellus by itself placed on a brighter ochraceous patch encircled with black. Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen brown, somewhat ochraceous beneath. Sex-mark is present in one morph.[4]

The female is similar to the male but more strongly suffused with ochraceous on the upperside; the orange-yellow patch on the forewing larger, spreading to the base of the wing and no ocelli on the hindwing. Underside as in the male, but of a brighter ochraceous yellow; basal area of both forewing and hindwing crossed by two darker yellow bands, and the discoidal cell of the forewing with an interior loop of the same colour.[4][5]

The southern Indian race M. p. junonia[6] is identical to the nominate race from Sri Lanka but on the upperside is a duller brown; the median ocellus on the forewing encircled with pure white; no discal patch, or merely faint traces of one. Underside: markings similar to those in M. p. patnia, but altogether of a duller and browner shade, without any general ochraceous tint, a large bright ochraceous spot posteriorly on the hindwing in the male. The median ocellus on the forewing broadly encircled with white. Male sex-marks are seen in one morph.[4]

It has a wingspan of 42–54 mm.

• Life cycle
• 
  Egg
• 
  Larva (first instar)
• 
  Larva (later instar)
• 
  Larva (later instar)
• 
  Larva (final instar)
• 
  Pupation
• 
  Chrysalis (dorsal view)
• 
  Chrysalis (ventral view)
• 
  Chrysalis (lateral view)
• 
  Chrysalis (lateral view)
• 
  Imago (side view)
• 
  Imago (dorsal view)
• 
  Open wing

References

1. Moore, Frederic; Horsfield, Thomas (1857). A catalogue of the lepidopterous insects in the museum of the Hon. East-India company. London: W.H. Allen and Co. p. 232. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
2. R.K., Varshney; Smetacek, Peter (2015). A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India. New Delhi: Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal & Indinov Publishing, New Delhi. p. 175. doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.3966.2164. ISBN 978-81-929826-4-9.
3. Savela, Markku. "Mycalesis Hübner, 1818 - Bushbrowns". Lepidoptera - Butterflies and Moths. Retrieved 2018-03-18.
4. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a work now in the public domain: Bingham, Charles Thomas (1905). Fauna of British India. Butterflies Vol. 1. pp. 66–67.
5. Moore, Frederic (1890). Lepidoptera Indica. Vol. I. London: Lovell Reeve and Co. pp. 215–217.
6. Butler, Arthur Gardiner (1868). Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera of the Family Satyridæ in the Collection of the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History). Dept. of Zoology. p. 146.