Muhammad Muradyab Khan

Muradyab Khan Kalhoro, Muhammad Muradyab Khan Kalhoro (Nawab Sarbuland Khan) (Urdu) (محمدمرياب خان كلهورو المعروف نواب سربلندخان), was an Indian noble. He was the Subedar of Sindh, appointed by Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah and was given the Imperial title, Sarbuland Khan.

Agents

The King (who had been influenced by some people of his court with bad intentions), although their intention are yet to be verified. Just prior to this, the king's ambassador Muhammad Beg Shámalí had come to Tattá and appointed Áká Muhammad Sálih as the agent in charge of the Tattá. He takes some nobles of the place had started for the royal camp. Sálih Khán's men would not allow Áká Muhammad Sálih to carry on the State duties. When Muhammad Beg Shámlú who, on receiving orders to that effect, had sent back the nobles, arrived at the camp, he was blamed for not making a good selection for the collection of revenue at Tattá. A fresh order was therefore issued appointing Kází Muhammad Mahfúz to the post. Again the nobles were required to pay respects to the king at his camp, to their chagrin.

Appointed to be Ruler (Nawáb Sarbuland Khan)

While the Kázi's oldest child was contending with Sálih Khán concerning who should gather the income and other government duty, data was circulated that the lord had named Muhammad Muradyáb Khán to be the leader of Sind with the title of "Nawáb Sarbuland Khán." It would give the idea that, at this time, the late Mian's agent Díwán Gidúmal had been grinding away in the court of the ruler and had at long last prevailing with regards to securing the ruler's generosity, as the boss and nobles had paid faithfulness to the lord and Muhammad Atur Khan had been surrendered as a prisoner. So the nobles went specifically to Umarkót to meet their new ruler, who on getting the respect now walked to his capital. Sheik Zafarulláh was named to be the director of Tata, and yet, again there was peace and request at that place.

The reception of the Mián at Nasarpúr.

Díwán Gidúmal had joined Muhammad Murádyáb Khán in the vicinity of Umarkót and had given him the order of rulership and the robe of honor, which he had brought from the king. The plain near Nasarpúr was adorned with tents and flags to be the first camp of the new ruler on his return to his country. The Mián encamped at the place and spent several days there, founding a new town at the location, calling it Murádábád after his name.

Battle of Manupur

In 1748, Ahmad Shah Abdali invaded Indus River Valley prompting Muradyab Khan Kalhoro the Subedar of Sindh to dispatch reinforcements to assist the Mughal Army along the river banks. Prince Ahmad and the respected Grand Vizier Asaf Jah I was sent by the Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah to command a significant Mughal Army of 75,000 to confront the advancing Durranis. At Sirhind, both forces fought a decisive battle and Prince Ahmad was nominally victorious.

The Mián marches against the Jám of Kakrálah and his defeat.

Near the close of the year, he determined to settle the affair of the Jám of Kakrálah. He marched against him and prevailed after several battles. The Jám was removed from Kódáriah and confined at Kakrálah, his headquarters. The land of Óchtah, Lanjárf, Mirán, and Kachah was taken into his possession by the Mián, who fixed upon the last named place to be the chief centre of stores and strengthened each of the above areas with a fort.

The Mián’s rupture with his nobles, who conspire against him.

For the next two years the Mián ruled the country quietly and satisfactorily, but in the fourth year of his reign, symptoms of misrule and confusion began to appear, as he altogether changed his behaviour and commenced ill-treating the Siraí chiefs and oppressing his subjects. Having been much annoyed and hard pressed owing to the financial demands of the king, Mián Muhammad Múrad determined to retire after sweeping his country clean of whatever he could lay his hands upon. With that object in view, he had already commenced sending up his treasures to the port of Muscat. About the close of the year, he thought of starting from his capital and while passing through the territory of the Jám of Kakrálah, of laying waste to it and plundering it. He, therefore, proposed to send a large army to that state. The Siraí chiefs, who on the occasion of the last treaty had sworn on the Korán not to make any breach of the terms, opposed him and refused to join him in the undertaking. They withdrew and, combining, promised to espouse the cause of Mián Ghulám Sháh and to put him on the throne.

Muhammad Murád dethroned and the election of Mián Ghulám Sháh.

Mustering strength among themselves on the night preceding 13th Zí-Hajj, 1170 A.H. (1757 A. D.) the Sirái nobles besieged the Mián's residence and took him and his favorite chiefs, prisoners. The next morning his brother Mián Ghulám Sháh was placed on the throne. He tried his best to please the nobility as well as the common people, who had been oppressed by Muhammad Murád.

The town of Alahábád founded, and the revolt of Muhammad Murád’s brother Ahmadyár Khán.

Soon after the Áshúrah (the 10th of Muharram) of the new year, that accursed town was surrounded by the floods of the river, so that Mián Ghulám Sháh deserted it and built another city near his father's Muhammadábád and called it Alahábád. All the chiefs and nobles recognized him as their ruler and paid homage to him, except Ahmadyár Khán, brother by the same mother to Muhammad Murádyáb, who was then at Khudábád, and Maksúdah Fakír, son of Bahár Sháh, who at first left his father's side with the intention of adhering to Mián Ghulám Sháh's cause, and subsequently came and entered the Mián's service, apparently to avoid unpleasant results.

The Mián’s other brother Atur Khán appointed as ruler by the royal decree.

Meanwhile, Atur Khán, who was a hostage with the king, represented his case in person very strongly and succeeded in having the order of rulership passed in his own name. Hearing this, Ahmadyár Khán began collecting forces. The Siraí chiefs now repented of what they had done and knowing that Atur Khán had been duly appointed as a ruler by royal decree, thought it prudent to submit to him. Mián Ghulám Sháh, therefore, had no other alternative but to move with his whole army to the sandy desert on 25th of Saffar of the same year. After he had traveled a few stages, Maksúdah Fakír having received letters from Atur Khán to that effect, set Muhammad Murádyáb at liberty, and deserting Miáu Ghulám Sháh's cause, and taking some Siraí chiefs with him started to meet the newly appointed ruler, while Mián Ghulám Sháh with Rájah Líkhí, a few other friendly chiefs and a selected band of soldiers hastened away to a distance.

References

Sources

This article includes content derived from "History of Sind - translated from Persian books," by Mirza Kalichbeg Fredunbeg (1853–1929), published in Karachi in 1902 and now in the public domain. "A History of Sind-Vol II | Sindh | Genghis Khan". Scribd. Retrieved 2018-05-22.