Muda River
Muda River (Malay: Sungai Muda) is the longest river in Kedah, Malaysia.
| Muda River | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Native name | Sungai Muda |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | |
| • location | Ulu Muda, Sik region, Kedah |
| Mouth | |
• location | Sungai Petani/Kuala Muda, into the Straits of Malacca |
• elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Length | 203 km (126 mi) |
| Basin size | 4,302 km2 (1,661 sq mi)[1] |
| Discharge | |
| • average | 105 m3/s (3,700 cu ft/s)[2] |
| Basin features | |
| Population | Towns and settlements along the river basin Sik Kuala Ketil Kepala Batas (Penang) Sungai Petani Kota Kuala Muda |
| Tributaries | |
| • left | Ketil River; Sedim River |
Course
Sourced in Ulu Muda Forest in Sik region in northeastern Kedah, along the border with Thailand, the river provides water supply to the states of Kedah and Penang. The river flows through much of Sik region, then entering the Baling region where it meets with the Ketil river at Kuala Ketil.
It then flows westward, passing through the southern suburbs of Kedah's second largest city Sungai Petani, and forming the natural boundary with Penang state. The Muda river then empties into the Straits of Malacca at Kota Kuala Muda (Kuala Muda meaning lower Muda, or the estuary of the Muda river in Malay).
Towns and settlements along the river basin
Infrastructure
The Beris Dam, which was completed in 2004 at a cost of RM360 million, is used to regulate the flow of water along the Muda River basin to augment water available for irrigation of paddy or upland crops, for domestic and industrial water supply and other uses.
Climatology
Muda River Basin received annual precipitation from 2,160 to 2,000 mm (85 to 79 in)/year during the period of 1985 to 2015. Mean monthly maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) temperature at the Ampangan Muda station ranged from 30.9 to 34.5 °C (87.6 to 94.1 °F) and 21 to 23.5 °C (69.8 to 74.3 °F), respectively.[3]
Hydrology
During monsoon season the rain can lead to heavy flooding. On October 6, 2003, the discharge at Landang Victoria River gauging station was 1340 m³/s.[4]
See also
References