Movable seating

Movable seating is a feature of some facilities like stadiums, often known as convertible stadiums, or moduable stadiums. It allows for the movement of parts of the grandstand to allow for a change of the playing surface shape. This allows games that use various shaped playing surfaces such as an oval field, for cricket and/or Australian rules football; or a rectangular field, for football (soccer), rugby league, rugby union, American football, and/or Canadian football; or a diamond field, for baseball; to be played in the same stadium. This is particularly useful in Australia and the United States, where various professional sports with varying field configurations are popular spectator pastimes. The process of conversion from one form to another is time-consuming – depending on the stadium it can take from 8[1] to 80[2] hours. Many stadiums were built in the United States in the 1960s and 1970s to host both baseball and American football.

Stadiums with movable seating
Stadium Australia showing a configuration of seating in progress.

Asia
  • Saitama Super Arena in Saitama City, Saitama, Japan, has separate layouts for arena-type seating for basketball and hockey and stadium-like seating for soccer, American football, and concerts. This is possible because of a large movable block.

Europe
  • Allianz Park, the stadium that is the most notable structure within the Barnet Copthall leisure complex in London, England, United Kingdom, has movable seating that was installed for the benefit of its primary tenant, the Saracens rugby union club, in a renovation that was completed in early 2013. The movable stands allow the stadium to continue to serve in its original role as an athletics (track and field) venue.
  • London Stadium, formerly known as Olympic Stadium in London, England, United Kingdom, was originally built for the 2012 Summer Olympics with fixed seating, but movable sections were added to provide optimal configurations for its original purpose of athletics, association football and concerts. West Ham United F.C. moved into the reconfigured venue starting in the 2016–17 season.
  • Paris La Défense Arena, located near the La Défense business district in the Paris suburb of Nanterre, opened in October 2017 after many delays. The stadium features a movable seating block that allows it to accommodate field or court sports.
  • Stade de France in the Paris suburb of Saint-Denis, France was built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup. It has a movable stand which covers an athletics track.[2]

North America

Oceania
  • ANZ Stadium (Stadium Australia) was the Olympic Stadium at the Sydney 2000 Summer Olympics in Australia. Post-Olympics during 2001–2003, it was re-configured and movable seating was implemented allowing the stadium to transition between a rectangular or an oval playing surface. Once the redevelopment is complete in 2021, the stadium's rectangular configuration will be permanently locked as a Football-only stadium.[1]
  • Marvel Stadium (Docklands Stadium) in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, was completed in 1999. Features such as movable seating and a retractable roof allow for the venue to host many sports and entertainment events.[4] It is also the first stadium in Australia to have this feature.
  • Optus Stadium in Perth, Australia, a venue built with an oval pitch for cricket and Australian rules football, has several "drop-in" movable seating areas positioned to "fill in" much of the sides of the pitch when the venue is used for rectangular-field sports.

Proposed stadiums with movable seating

Former stadiums with movable seating
  • The Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, featured movable seating, with layouts for baseball and football. Before its 2014 demolition, it was home to the Minnesota Vikings (NFL), served as a part-time home for the Minnesota Golden Gophers college baseball team (representing the University of Minnesota), and was also used for other college baseball games. It had also been home to the Minnesota Twins (American League) and the university's football program, but the Twins moved into their new Target Field in April 2010 and the Gophers football team opened their new TCF Bank Stadium in September 2009. The Metrodome also hosted NBA and college basketball games as well as soccer events. The Metrodome was replaced on-site by U.S. Bank Stadium, a stadium which also features movable seating.
  • Mile High Stadium in Denver, Colorado, United States, added a large movable stand in a 1977 expansion project. A hydraulic process allowed the stadium to change from a football to a baseball configuration in about two hours. The longtime home of the NFL's Denver Broncos and minor league baseball's Denver Bears/Zephyrs, it became the original home of baseball's Colorado Rockies in 1993. The Rockies drew all-time MLB record crowds in their first two seasons before leaving Mile High for their new Coors Field in 1995. Mile High was torn down after its football-only replacement, currently known as Empower Field at Mile High, was opened in 2001.
  • Shea Stadium in New York City was built to function as both a football and baseball stadium. The New York Mets called Shea Stadium home from 1964 until 2008. The New York Jets played there from 1964 until 1983. Field level seats were arranged in two crescent shaped sections that could be moved on below-ground rails. In the football configuration these sections faced each other from opposite sides of the playing field. For baseball, the sections were rotated so that they would come close to meeting in the territory behind home plate. One section would be along the first base side foul line while the other was on the third base side. One consequence of the movable sections was that in the baseball configuration the seats were a larger distance from the foul lines than in most baseball-only parks. The seats also directly faced the foul line regardless of where they were located. Fans seated beyond first or third base would have to turn to face the infield. Another problem was that moving the seats damaged the grass playing surface. Late season Mets games often had sections of dead grass in the corners of the outfield from when the seats were moved for Jets games.[6] After the Jets moved to Giants Stadium in New Jersey following the 1983 NFL season, the seats were left in the baseball configuration. Seats were later added along the baselines, reducing the size of foul territory.
  • Candlestick Park (aka 3Com Park from 1995 until 2003) in San Francisco, California, United States was opened in 1960 as a baseball-only stadium for the San Francisco Giants. In 1971 the San Francisco 49ers football team moved in, which required the stadium to be significantly expanded and altered which resulted in a shape like few other stadiums in the world. The Giants moved to the venue now known as Oracle Park after the 2000 season, and the stadium remained in its football configuration for the rest of its life. The 49ers moved to Levi's Stadium after the 2013 season, and demolition of Candlestick Park began in February 2015.
  • SDCCU Stadium (formerly San Diego Stadium, Jack Murphy Stadium, and Qualcomm Stadium) in San Diego, California, United States, was formerly shared by the San Diego Padres of Major League Baseball, the San Diego Chargers of the National Football League, and a local college football team, the San Diego State Aztecs, and thus had movable seating. The Padres moved to Petco Park in 2004, leaving football as the only major sport played in SDCCU Stadium, and the Chargers returned to their original home of Los Angeles in 2017, leaving the Aztecs as the stadium's only occupant. The stadium was closed in March 2020, with demolition set to start in March 2021; the Aztecs then moved to Dignity Health Sports Park in the Los Angeles suburb of Carson while the new Aztec Stadium, set to open in 2022, is being built on the SDCCU Stadium parking lot.

References
  1. "Telstra Stadium – Reconfiguration".
  2. "State de France".
  3. Johnson, Chuck (2005-01-25). "Nationals rounding third, heading home". USA Today. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2006-08-11.
  4. "Marvel Stadium – About the Stadium". Retrieved 2019-05-13.
  5. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on May 9, 2010. Retrieved May 9, 2010.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/page2/story?page=lukas/080926
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