Mount Amana

Mount Amana (אֲמָנָה, a-mā'na, a-mä'na,[1] uh-may'nuh[2]) is an ancient name for the southern Anti-Lebanon Mountains.

Geography

Mount Amana is in the at the southern end[3][4] of the Anti-Lebanon Mountains,[5][6][7][1] near the source of the river Abana.[3][8][4][9] Paul Haupt identifies this mountain as Jabal az-Zabadany, northwest of Damascus.[8]

Mount Amana is often confused with Mount Amanus, also known as Mount Hor, at the north end of the Syrian plain.[lower-alpha 1]

Notable mentions

Mount Amana is mentioned in Song of Songs (4:8) along with Lebanon, Senir, and Mount Hermon.[1] Senir, Mount Hermon, and Amana are all prominent mountains on the northern end of Israel[10] in the Anti-Lebanon Mountains.[11] In this era, Lebanon referred to both the Lebanese Mountains and the Anti-Lebanese mountains without referring to any particular peak.[12] A targum on this verse reads "They that dwell on the river Amana shall offer thee a gift."[7]

The "mountains of Sanir and Amana" are also mentioned in Jubilees as lying within the inheritance of Shem (8:21), or more specifically, Arpachshad (9:4).

Winckler was the first scholar to suggest that the Mount Ammananu referred to in the inscriptions of Tiglath-pileser III should be understood as identical with Amanah,[13][14] a claim which has been confirmed by more recent scholarship.[15][16]

Tacitus records that a triumphal arch was erected on Mount Amana (possibly Mount Amanus) in honor of Germanicus after his death.[17]

Amana River

In the Masoretic Text, the name "Amana" is given in the margin to 2 Kings 5:12 as an alternate reading of Abana,[6][3] and contemporary scholars prefer the reading Amana,[15][9] following the targum.[9] This river flows through Damascus and is currently known as the Barada.[6][8][16][11][18][19]

Meanings

The name Amana means "constant",[2][1] "firm",[1] "faith",[20] "truth",[20] "credulity",[20] or "a nurse".[20] It was translated in the Septuagint as πιστεως,[1] meaning "trust", "fidelity", or "faithfulness"[21]

Notes
  1. eg. Orr 1915, p. 113; Robinson 1835, p. 51; Schwarz 1850, p. 19

References
  1. Orr 1915, p. 113.
  2. Douglas, Tenney & Silva 2011, p. 55.
  3. Easton 1897.
  4. Rand 2015.
  5. Freedman & Myers 2000, p. 49.
  6. Walton, Matthews & Chavalas 2012, p. 391.
  7. Wells & Calmet 1817, p. 269, Abana.
  8. Haupt 1902, p. 8.
  9. Gill 1763.
  10. Bloch & Bloch 1995, p. 13.
  11. Cogan 1984, p. 255.
  12. Ikeda 1978.
  13. Cogan 1984, p. 256.
  14. Winckler 1892, p. 131, n. 1.
  15. Cogan 1984.
  16. Kraeling 2008, p. 46.
  17. Tacitus 1876.
  18. Haparchi 1852.
  19. Porter 1855.
  20. Wells & Calmet 1817, p. 276, Amana.
  21. http://biblehub.com/greek/4102.htm

Sources
  • Bloch, A.; Bloch, C. (1995). The Song of Songs: A New Translation with an Introduction and Commentary. New Translation. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-22675-3. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
  • Cogan, M. (1984). "'... From the Peak of Amanah'". Israel Exploration Journal: 255–259. JSTOR 27925953.
  • Douglas, J.D.; Tenney, M.C.; Silva, M. (2011). "Amana". Zondervan Illustrated Bible Dictionary. Zondervan. ISBN 978-0-310-49235-1. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
  • Easton, Matthew George (1897). "Amana" . Easton's Bible Dictionary (New and revised ed.). T. Nelson and Sons.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Haparchi, I. (1852) [1322]. Edelmann, Ẓ.H. (ed.). ספר כפתור ופרח (in Hebrew). Berlin: Y. Ziṭṭenfeld. p. 21.
  • Freedman, D.N.; Myers, A.C. (2000). "Amana". Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Amsterdam University Press. p. 49. ISBN 978-90-5356-503-2. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
  • Gill, J. (1748–63). Exposition of the Old Testament. 4 Kings 5.12. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
  • Haupt, P. (1902). Biblical Love-ditties: A Critical Interpretation and Translation, of the Song of Solomon. Chicago, IL: Open Court. p. 8. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
  • Ikeda, Y. (1978). "Hermon, Sirion and Senir". Annual of the Japanese Biblical Institute. 4: 32–44.
  • Kraeling, E.G.H. (2008). Aram and Israel: The Aramaeans in Syria and Mesopotamia. Wipf & Stock Publishers. ISBN 978-1-60608-394-9. Retrieved 28 July 2017.
  • Orr, J. (1915). "Amana". The International Standard Bible Encyclopaedia. 1. Howard-Severance Company. p. 113. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
  • Porter, J.L. (1855). Five Years in Damascus. I. London. p. 255–278.
  • Rand, W.W. (2015). "Amana". The Bible Dictionary. Harrington, DE: Delmarva. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
  • Robinson, E. (1835) [1728]. "Amana". In Calmet, A.A. (ed.). Calmet's Dictionary of the Holy Bible. Crocker and Brewster. p. 51. Retrieved 28 July 2017.
  • Schwarz, Joseph (1850). A Descriptive Geography and Brief Historical Sketch of Palestine. Translated by Leeser, Isaac. New York: A. Hart.
  • Tacitus (1876) [116]. Annals . Book 2, Chapter 83..
  • Walton, J.H.; Matthews, V.H.; Chavalas, M.W. (2012). The IVP Bible Background Commentary: Old Testament. InterVarsity Press. ISBN 978-0-8308-6608-3. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
  • Wells, E.; Calmet, A.A. (1817). Sacred Geography; or, A Companion to the Holy Bible. Calmet's Dictionary of the Holy Bible (Revised ed.). Charlestown: Samuel Etheridge, Jr. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
  • Winckler, H. (1892). Alttestamentliche Untersuchungen. Leipzig.
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