Mongolian short-toed lark

The Mongolian short-toed lark or Sykes's short-toed lark (Calandrella dukhunensis) is a species of lark in the family Alaudidae. It breeds in China and Mongolia and winters in southern Asia.

Mongolian short-toed lark
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Alaudidae
Genus: Calandrella
Species:
C. dukhunensis
Binomial name
Calandrella dukhunensis
(Sykes, 1832)
Synonyms
  • Alauda Dukhunensis
  • Calandrella brachydactyla dukhunensis
  • Calandrella cinerea dukhunensis

Taxonomy and systematics

The Mongolian short-toed lark was originally placed in the genus Alauda. It was then considered as a subspecies of the morphologically similar greater short-toed lark, but recent analyses of both mitochondrial[2][3] and nuclear DNA[3] showed that it was more closely related to Hume's short-toed lark. It was split in 2016 by the IOC, although not all other authorities have recognized this re-classification to date.[4] Additionally, some authorities considered the Mongolian short-toed lark to be a subspecies of the red-capped lark.[5] The name 'Mongolian short-toed lark' is also used as an alternate name for the Asian short-toed lark. The alternate name short-toed lark may also be used for three other species in the genus Calandrella.

Description

The Mongolian short-toed lark is darker and has a shorter bill than the greater short-toed lark.[6] The Mongolian short-toed lark breeds on the Tibetan plateau and winters mainly in peninsular India.[7]

References
  1. BirdLife International (2016). "Calandrella dukhunensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T103766226A104343288. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T103766226A104343288.en.
  2. Alström, Per; Barnes, Keith N.; Olsson, Urban; Barker, F. Keith; Bloomer, Paulette; Khan, Aleem Ahmed; Qureshi, Masood Ahmed; Guillaumet, Alban; Crochet, Pierre-André (2013-12-01). "Multilocus phylogeny of the avian family Alaudidae (larks) reveals complex morphological evolution, non-monophyletic genera and hidden species diversity" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 69 (3): 1043–1056. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.06.005. PMID 23792153.
  3. Stervander, Martin; Alström, Per; Olsson, Urban; Ottosson, Ulf; Hansson, Bengt; Bensch, Staffan (September 2016). "Multiple instances of paraphyletic species and cryptic taxa revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear RAD data for Calandrella larks (Aves: Alaudidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 102: 233–245. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.05.032. PMID 27235550.
  4. "Species Updates « IOC World Bird List". www.worldbirdnames.org. Retrieved 2016-12-12.
  5. "Calandrella dukhunensis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-12.
  6. Rasmussen, PC; JC Anderton (2005). Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide. 2. Smithsonian Institution & Lynx edicions. p. 303.
  7. Whistler, Hugh (1949). Popular Handbook of Indian Birds (4th ed.). Gurney and Jackson, London. p. 256.
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