Mohammad Hosni

Mohammad Hosni, also known as Muhammad Kamal Hosny Al Baba (Arabic: محمد حسني البابا‎), was a master calligrapher at the Royal Institute of Calligraphy in Cairo. He was one of the last of the classical calligraphers, who is noted for making a number of improvements to the lettering. He excelled in the “Thuluth” school of calligraphy.[1]

Mohammad Hosni Al Baba
محمد حسني البابا
Born1894 (1894)
Damascus, Ottoman Syria
DiedJune 6, 1969(1969-06-06) (aged 74–75)
Cairo, Egypt
Other namesMuhammad Kamal Hosny Al Baba
OccupationCalligrapher
Years active1905–1969
Children11 (including Soad Hosni and Najat Al Saghira)

Early life

Born of Kurdish descent in 1894 in Damascus, Ottoman Syria into the Al Baba clan, his Brother was the Kurdish artist Anwar al-Baba, known as "Umm Kamel".[2] He was fond of calligraphy from his early childhood. Mohammad Hosni received his initial formal training with the Turkish master, Istanbul-based Yousef Rasa (d. 1915) who had renovated the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus at the turn of the twentieth century.[3] Yousef Rasa was commissioned by the Ottoman Caliph, Abdul Hameed to prepare the calligraphy of the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus during its restoration, which is how Hosni and Rasa met. Hosni later studied with Mohammad Shawqi (also known as Mehmed Şevkî Efendi).[1][4]

At the age of 18 years, in 1912, he migrated with his father from Damascus in Syria to Cairo in Egypt,[5] and was later naturalized as an Egyptian[6] He lived, worked and died in Cairo where he became one of the leaders of Arabic and Islamic calligraphy.[1]

Life and career

He moved to Cairo in 1912,[1] where he became a master calligrapher at the "Royal Institute of Calligraphy".[7] He wrote thousands of frames for the “silent movies”, book headers[8] and many other publications.

In the 1920s, he purchased a house in Cairo's Khan el Khalili district and initially worked from there. By 1929, at the age of 35 years; he had opened his own office and workshop.[1] His works found favour with several prominent persons, Egyptian prime minister Ismail Sidqi (1875-1950) and Yousef Thu Al Fiqar (father of queen Farida) and others. They retained Hosni to prepare their personal and business cards. [9] He worked on improving the linear structure of Arabic script and improving all types of calligraphy.[1]

His house in Khan el-Khalili was known as the "artists' house". Leading artists from across the Arab world regularly visited him, whether for private tuition or for social interaction with the master calligrapher. His children, who grew up in an artistic household and whose talents were nurtured from a very young age, often performed for the family as well as Hosni's guests and many of his children went on to have careers in the visual and performing arts.[10]

Hosny was the first professor to be appointed by King Farouk, to teach at the new Royal School of Calligraphy when it was formed in 1922. His fame brought him in contact with some of the most renowned calligraphers of Egypt and the Arab world; including Najeeb Al Hawaweeni (shown in the 1946 photo, sitting second on the right). In 1944, he certified the renowned Iraqi master calligrapher Hashim Mohammad Al Khatat Al Baghdadi (1917-1973), who became a regular visitor to Hosni's home and also correspondended with Hosni throughout his life.[11]

By 1958, Hosni was widely regarded as one of the leading Islamic calligraphers. In 1965, he was awarded an honorary doctorate in calligraphy in Canada,[1][12] a year after his death in 1964.

Samples from his work can be seen on several web sites and books including some of his master frameworks and few of his greatest in the "Thuluth".[13][14][15][16][17][18][19]

Family life

He married two Egyptian women with whom he had eleven children;[5]

* Eight with his first wife; four boys (Ezz Eddin, Nabil, Farooq and Sami) and four girls (Khadija, Samira, Najat, Afaf).
* Three with his second wife; three girls (Kawther, Soad, Sabah).

Two of his daughters became popular actors and singers. Najat, known as Najat Al Saghira (born 1938) and Soad Hosni (1943-2001) both became singers and were super-stars in the Arab world. Another daughter, Samira, was a minor actress.[20]

His son, Ezz Eddin Hosni (1927–2013), was a music composer, with credits for some 100 songs, and taught his sister Najat music and singing.[21][9] Another son, Sami Hosni, was a cellist, jewelry designer and calligrapher. His son Farooq was a painter and his daughter Samira was an actress.[22]

Latest

In 2011, Egyptian master calligrapher Khudair al-Borsaidi said he met Mohammad Hosni in 1958 and that Mohamed Hosni was his “first teacher”.[23]

In 2012, Arabic Calligraphy Exhibition in Cairo (organized by Senari House in Sit Zainab, Cairo) showed the original of one of his frameworks for the first time. This particular work of Hosni was owned by artist Hamdi Al Sharif; a student of Hosni.[5]

References
  1. "Mohammad Hosni ... his amazing linear formations" (in Arabic). Retrieved 24 June 2015.
  2. Beilun, M., "Soad Hosni .. From the Orchards of the Levant to the Foothills of the Pyramids" [Book Review], Online:
  3. Steel and Silk (Men and Women who shaped Syria 1900-2000), a book by Sami M. Moubayed, page 530, article on “al-Dayrani, Badawi (1894-1967), Cune Press, PO Box 31024, Seattle, USA.
  4. , Sales Room Notice under A Calligraphic Composition (Levha), christies.com; accessed 26 January 2015.
  5. , Alsharq Al Awsat [newspaper], 2001/08/03, No. 8284: "Soad Hosni and her family by Mayad Beloun"
  6. "Roa'ya Assar - بالمستندات الرسمية: سعاد حسني مصرية و وُلدت... | Facebook". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 2016-10-29.
  7. Ur. London: Iraqi Cultural Centre. 1978. Retrieved 22 July 2015.
  8. , An Arabic book of 112 pages, by Ahmed Sabry Zayed, Publisher: Dar Alfadila (January 2003); contains some 200 book header for most famous calligraphers in Egypt including Mohammad Hosni.
  9. Obituary of Ezz- Eldin Hosni (brother of Najat Al Saghira), alittihad.ae; accessed 26 January 2016.
  10. Al-Samahi, A., "Najat's small brother and Suad Hosni: I learned to survive singing", [Interview with composer, Ezzidin Hosny], Al Ahram, [Arabic newspaper in Egypt]], 6 December, 2012, Issue No. 46021, , Archived 2019-04-04 at the Wayback Machine (translated from Arabic); It may be worth noting that some sources, notably Arabic media reports, repeat stories that Hosni was cruel father who denied his daughters an education. These rumours appear to be based on a largely fictionalised TV drama, but have been repeated occasionally in the Arabic press, and in at least one Dictionary of Biography (See: Ginsberg, T. and Lippard, C., Historical Dictionary of Middle Eastern Cinema, Scarecrow Press, 2010, pp 181-182). Hosni's son, Ezz Edin, dismissed these rumours about his family life, stressing that he and his siblings were raised in a supportive and artistic household where their talents were nurtured. See: Al-Samahi, A., "Najat's small brother and Suad Hosni: I learned to survive singing", (Interview with composer, Ezzidin Hosny), Al Ahram, (Arabic newspaper in Egypt), 6 December 2012, Issue No. 46021, Online: (translated from Arabic)
  11. Hashim Muhammad Baghdadi (1917-1973) profile Archived 2015-10-17 at the Wayback Machine, calligraphyislamic.com; accessed 26 January 2016.
  12. Profile, vetogate.com; accessed 26 January 2016.(in Arabic)
  13. Articles about Mohammad Hosni, najatalsaghira.wordpress.com; accessed 26 January 2016.
  14. 1928 Calligraphy by Mohammad Hosni, Quranic Verse, mahmoodtarada.blogspot.co.uk, July 2015; accessed 26 January 2016.
  15. Calligraphy by Mohammad Hosni: Quranic Verse, pinterest.com; accessed 26 January 2016.
  16. Two samples of Calligraphy: by Mohammad Hosni (on the right) and by Syd Ibrahim (on the left); Quranic Verses; accessed 26 January 2016.
  17. Calligraphy by Mohammad Hosni: Bismalla; accessed 26 January 2016.
  18. , Calligraphy by Mohammad Hosni: Al Shahada.
  19. Calligraphy by Mohammad Hosni: Quranic Verse, al-sharq.com; accessed 26 January 2016.
  20. Qanawi, M.,"Najat Al Saghira Wins 'Al Owais' Prize", Aawsat, 4 December 2006, Issue No. 10233, Online:
  21. Ahmad Al Samehi, Al Ahram newspaper Archived 2019-04-04 at the Wayback Machine, ahram.org, 6 December 2012, Issue #46021
    "Brother of Najat Al Saghira and Soad Hosni: I taught singing to Najat".
  22. Mohammad Qanawi, "Najat Al Saghira wins 'Al Owais' Prize", 4 December 2006, Issue No. 10233; accessed 26 January 2016.
  23. Sayed Mohmoud, , Khudair al-Borsaidi: Master of Egyptian Calligraphy], al-akhbar.com, 2 October 2011.
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