Mitrephora polypyrena

Mitrephora polypyrena is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Java, the Lesser Sunda Islands, and Myanmar.[2] Carl Ludwig Blume, the German botanist who first formally described the species using the basionym Uvaria polypyrena, named it after the many stones or seeds (Latinized forms of Greek πολυ-, poly-, and πυρην, pyren) in its fruit.[3][1]

Mitrephora polypyrena
Color illustration of Mitrephora polypyrena under basionym Uvaria polypyrene.[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Magnoliids
Order: Magnoliales
Family: Annonaceae
Genus: Mitrephora
Species:
M. polypyrena
Binomial name
Mitrephora polypyrena
Synonyms

Kinginda macrantha (Hassk.) Kuntze
Kinginda polypyrena Kuntze
Mitrephora javanica Backer
Mitrephora macrantha Hassk.
Uvaria polypyrena Blume

Description

It is a tree reaching 20 meters in height. Its oval to lance-shaped, leathery leaves are 8-22.5 by 3.5-9 centimeters and come to a point at their tips. The leaves are smooth and shiny on their upper surfaces, while their undersides are slightly hairy. Its petioles are 4.5-11 by 1.5-3.5 millimeters. Its flowers are arranged in groups of 3 or fewer on a rachis. Each flower is on a fleshy, slightly hairy pedicel that is 1.1-1.6 by 20-40 millimeters. The pedicels have an oval, basal bract that is 4-4.5 by 2.5-4.5 millimeters, and another oval, upper bract that is 3.5-5.5 by 4.5-7 millimeters. Its flowers have 3, oval-shaped sepals that are 5-7.5 by 5.5-7.5 millimeters. The outside of the sepals are densely hairy, while their inner surfaces are smooth. Its 6 petals are arranged in two rows of 3. The yellow, oval-shaped outer petals are 24-36 by 18-28 millimeters and come to a point at their tip. The outside surface of the outer petals are densely hairy, while their inner surface is slightly hairy. The inner petals are white with reddish-purple highlights and 17-22 by 9.5-16 millimeters. The outside surface of the inner petals is densely hairy while the tip of the inner surface has long hairs. Its flowers have more than numerous stamen that are 1.5-1.7 by 0.5-0.6 millimeters. Its flowers have up to 24-26 free carpels that are 2-2.2 by 0.5-0.6 millimeters. The carpels have 12-14 ovules. Its fruit occur in clusters of up to 9-12 on pedicels that are 19-34 by 3-5 millimeters and covered in sparse, fine hairs. The round to oblong, smooth fruit are 19-31 by 8-17 millimeters. The fruit have a longitudinal ridge and are sparsely covered in fine brown hairs. The fruit are attached to the pedicel by stipes that are 12-21 by 2.5-4 millimeters and sparsely covered in fine brown hairs. Each fruit has 12-14 seeds that are 15-17 by 8-9.5 millimeters.[4][5]

Reproductive biology

The pollen of M. polypyrena is shed as permanent tetrads.[6]

Habitat and Distribution

It has been observed growing in wet evergreen forests, at elevations of 300 to 700 meters.[5]

Uses

It is used as timber and cultivated as a cover crop and ornamental species.[7]

References
  1. Blume, Carl Ludwig (1830). Flora Javae nec non insularum adjacentium [Flora of Java as well as of the adjacent islands] (in Latin). 2. Brussels: J. Frank. pp. 35–37.
  2. "Mitrephora polypyrena (Blume) Zoll". Plants of the World Online. The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. n.d. Retrieved March 26, 2019.
  3. Stearn, William (2004). Botanical Latin. Portland, Ore. Newton Abbot: Timber Press David & Charles. ISBN 9780881926279.
  4. Zollinger, H. (1858). "Ueber die Anonaceen des Ostindischen Archipels" [About the Anonaceae of the East Indian Archipelago]. Linnaea : Ein Journal für die Botanik in ihrem ganzen Umfange (in German and Latin). 29: 297–325.
  5. Weerasooriya, Aruna D.; Saunders, Richard M. K. (2010). "Monograph of Mitrephora (Annonaceae)". Systematic Botany Monographs. 90: 1–167. JSTOR 41059228.
  6. Walker, James W. (1971). "Pollen Morphology, Phytogeography, and Phylogeny of the Annonaceae". Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University. 202 (202): 1–130. JSTOR 41764703.
  7. Nurfadilah, Siti; Hapsari, Lia; Abywijaya, Ilham Kurnia (2017). "Species richness, conservation status, and potential uses of plants in Segara Anakan Area of Sempu Island, East Java, Indonesia". Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity. 18 (4): 1568–1588. doi:10.13057/biodiv/d180435.
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