Mitrephora glabra

Mitrephora glabra is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Borneo.[1] Rudolph Scheffer, the Dutch botanist who first formally described the species, named it after its hairless (glabrous in Latin) leaves and mature twigs.[2][3]

Mitrephora glabra
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Magnoliids
Order: Magnoliales
Family: Annonaceae
Genus: Mitrephora
Species:
M. glabra
Binomial name
Mitrephora glabra

Description

It is a tree reaching 15-20 meters in height. Its twigs are hairless when mature. Its papery to leathery, elliptical to lance-shaped leaves are 6.5-25 by 1.5-6.5 centimeters with wedge shaped bases and tips that taper to a point. Both sides of the leaves are hairless except for short hairs on the upper surface of the midrib. The leaves have 5-15 pairs of secondary veins emanating from their midribs that arch to form loops near the leaf margins. Its petioles are 2.5-9 by 1-2.5 millimeters and covered in sparse fine hairs. Its flowers are born opposite the leaves on inflorescences in groups of 3 or fewer. The flowers are on fleshy, densely hairy pedicels that are 5.5-13 by 0.5-3.5 millimeters. The pedicels have an oval, basal bract that is 1 by 1 millimeters, and another bract at their midpoint that is 1-1.5 by 1-2.5 millimeters. Its flowers have 3 triangular to oval sepals that are 1.5-3 by 2-3.5 millimeters. The sepals are covered in dense, brown hairs on their outer surface and sparse hairs on their inner surface. Its 6 petals are arranged in two rows of 3. The yellow, elliptical to oval, outer petals are 1-2.4 by 0.6-1.2 centimeters and come to a point at their tips. The outer petals are covered in light brown hairs on both surfaces, with fewer inside. The inner petals are yellow with pink to purple highlights at their tips. The inner petals are 9-13 by 2.5-5.5 millimeters with a narrow, basal claw and a rhomboidal blade. The inner petals have sparse hairs on their outer surface and dense, brown, woolly hairs on their inner surface. Its flowers have stamen that are 0.8-1.1 by 0.3-0.6 millimeters. The carpels have 10-12 ovules. Its flowers have 15-17 carpels that are 1-1.5 by 0.3-0.5 millimeters. Its fruit occur in clusters of 10-15 on pedicels that are 7-23 by 1.5-4.5 millimeters and covered in sparse hairs. The smooth, oval fruit are 1.8-3.4 by 1.1-2.1 centimeters with flat tips. The fruit are attached to the pedicel by stipes that are 1.5-4 by 1-2.4 millimeters. Each fruit has 6-8 seeds that are 6.5-23.5 by 7-20 millimeters.[3][4][5]

Reproductive biology

The pollen of M. glabra is shed as permanent tetrads.[6] It flowers and sets fruits throughout the year.[5]

Habitat and distribution

It has been observed growing in lowland forests, often near rivers and streams, at elevations of 0 to 450 meters.[3][5]

Uses

Bioactive compounds isolated from its tissues have been reported to be cytotoxic in tests with cultured human cancer cells and have antimicrobial activity in tests with both fungi and bacteria.[7][8]

References
  1. "Mitrephora glabra Scheff". Plants of the World Online. The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. n.d. Retrieved February 14, 2019.
  2. Stearn, William (2004). Botanical Latin. Portland, Ore. Newton Abbot: Timber Press David & Charles. ISBN 9780881926279.
  3. Weerasooriya, A.D.; Saunders, R.M.K.; Turner, I.M. (2014). "MITREPHORA (Blume) Hook.f. & Thomson". In Soepadmo, E.; Saw, L.G.; Chung, R.C.K.; Kiew, R. (eds.). Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak. 8. Malaysia: Forest Research Institute Malaysia. p. 96. ISBN 9789670622118.
  4. Scheffer, R.H.C.C. (1885). Sur Quelques Plantes Nouvelles ou peu Connues de L’Archipel Indien [On Some New or Little Known Plants of the Indian Archipelago] (in French and Latin). Leiden: E.J. Brill.
  5. Weerasooriya, Aruna D.; Saunders, Richard M. K. (2010). "Monograph of Mitrephora (Annonaceae)". Systematic Botany Monographs. 90: 1–197. JSTOR 41059228.
  6. Walker, James W. (1971). "Pollen Morphology, Phytogeography, and Phylogeny of the Annonaceae". Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University. 202 (202): 1–130. JSTOR 41764703.
  7. Li, Chen; Lee, Dongho; Graf, Tyler N.; Phifer, Sharnelle S.; Nakanishi, Yuka; Riswan, Soedarsono; Setyowati, Fransisca M.; Saribi, Achmad M.; Soejarto, Djaja D.; Farnsworth, Norman R.; Falkinham III, Joseph O.; Kroll, David J.; Kinghorn, A. Douglas; Wani, Mansukh C.; Oberlies, Nicholas H. (2009). "Bioactive Constituents of the Stem Bark of Mitrephora glabra". Journal of Natural Products. 72 (11): 1949–1953. doi:10.1021/np900572g. ISSN 0163-3864. PMC 2862477.
  8. Li, Chen; Lee, Dongho; Graf, Tyler N.; Phifer, Sharnelle S.; Nakanishi, Yuka; Burgess, Jason P.; Riswan, Soedarsono; Setyowati, Fransisca M.; Saribi, Achmad M.; Soejarto, Djaja D.; Farnsworth, Norman R.; Falkinham, Joseph O.; Kroll, David J.; Kinghorn, A. Douglas; Wani, Mansukh C.; Oberlies, Nicholas H. (2005). "A Hexacyclicent-Trachylobane Diterpenoid Possessing an Oxetane Ring from Mitrephora glabra". Organic Letters. 7 (25): 5709–5712. doi:10.1021/ol052498l. ISSN 1523-7060. PMC 2442714.


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