Methyl orange

Methyl orange is a pH indicator frequently used in titration because of its clear and distinct color variance at different pH values. Methyl orange shows red color in acidic medium and yellow color in basic medium. Because it changes color at the pKa of a mid strength acid, it is usually used in titration for acids. Unlike a universal indicator, methyl orange does not have a full spectrum of color change, but it has a sharp end point. In a solution becoming less acidic, methyl orange changes from red to orange and, finally, to yellow—with the reverse process occurring in a solution of increasing acidity.

Methyl orange
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Sodium 4-{[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]diazenyl}benzene-1-sulfonate
Other names
Sodium 4-[(4-dimethylamino)phenylazo]benzenesulfonate
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.008.115
EC Number
  • 208-925-3
UNII
UN number 3143
Properties
C14H14N3NaO3S
Molar mass 327.33 g·mol−1
Appearance Orange or yellow solid[1]
Density 1.28 g/cm3
Melting point > 300 °C (572 °F; 573 K) (not precisely defined)
Boiling point Decomposes[1]
5 g/L (20 °C)
Solubility in diethyl ether Insoluble[2]
Hazards
Main hazards Toxic (T)
GHS pictograms
GHS Signal word Danger
H301
P308, P310
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
60 mg/kg (rat, oral)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Indicator colors

Methyl orange solutions

In a solution that decreases in acidity, methyl orange moves from the colour red to orange and finally to yellow with the opposite occurring for a solution increasing in acidity.

Methyl orange (pH indicator)
below pH 3.1 above pH 4.4
3.1 4.4

In an acid, it is reddish and in alkali, it is yellow. Methyl orange has a pKa of 3.47 in water at 25 °C (77 °F).[3]

Other indicators

Methyl orange in xylene cyanol solution (pH indicator)
below pH 3.2 above pH 4.2
3.2 4.2

Modified (or screened) methyl orange, an indicator consisting of a solution of methyl orange and xylene cyanol, changes from grey-violet to green as the solution becomes more basic.

Safety

Methyl orange has mutagenic properties.[2]

See also

References

  1. Haynes, William M., ed. (2016). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (97th ed.). CRC Press. p. 3.384. ISBN 9781498754293.
  2. MSDS Archived 2014-05-12 at the Wayback Machine from ScienceLab.com, Inc. Retrieved 2011-09-24
  3. Sandberg, Richard G.; Henderson, Gary H.; White, Robert D.; Eyring, Edward M. (1972). "Kinetics of acid dissociation-ion recombination of aqueous methyl orange". The Journal of Physical Chemistry. 76 (26): 4023–4025. doi:10.1021/j100670a024.
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