Mesocyclops longisetus

Mesocyclops longisetus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Crustacea
Class:	Hexanauplia
Order:	Cyclopoida
Family:	Cyclopidae
Genus:	Mesocyclops
Species:	M. longisetus
Binomial name
	Mesocyclops longisetus; (Thiébaud, 1912)[1]
Synonyms
	Cyclops leuckarti longiseta (Thiébaud, 1912); Cyclops simplex setosus Wierzejski, 1893;

Mesocyclops longisetus is a species of freshwater copepod in the family Cyclopidae. Two subspecies are accepted, Mesocyclops longisetus curvatus Dussart, 1987, and Mesocyclops longisetus longisetus (Thiébaud, 1912).[1] It has a neotropical distribution.[2]

Description

Like other copepods in the order Cyclopoida, these are small, planktonic, free-living animals. They are distinguished from closely related groups by having the first antenna shorter than the combined length of the head and thorax, the second antenna being unbranched.[3] The cephalothorax length of the adult female is 1 mm (0.04 in), and that of the male is 0.6 mm (0.024 in).[4]

Life cycle

The eggs take about 42 hours to hatch at 25°C and about 30 hours at 30°C. The average time for development through several nauplia larval stages is 22 days for females and 18 for males.[4]

Ecology

These copepods are capable of rapid movement. Their larval development is metamorphic, and the embryos are carried attached to the underside of the first abdominal somite.[5]

Use in biological control

Culex quinquefasciatus is a vector of the parasites that cause the human disease filariasis. Mesocyclops longisetus is a predator and feeds on mosquito larvae, including C. quinquefasciatus, with the predatory efficiency against the first and second instars being 84 and 63% respectively. Another method of killing the mosquito larvae is the use of silver nanoparticles synthesized with the help of the green seaweed Caulerpa scalpelliformis. Combining these two methods did not significantly alter the predatory efficiency of the copepod, reducing it to 78 and 59% respectively.[6]

A trial in Florida which studied the rainwater that accumulates in containers such as tyres, plastic buckets and flower vases, showed that the larvae of the mosquitoes Aedes albopictus, Ochlerotatus triseriatus, and Culex quinquefasciatus could be eliminated by the introduction into the containers of M. longisetus.[7]

References

Walter, T. Chad (2013). "Mesocyclops longisetus longisetus (Thiébaud, 1912)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
Reid, J.W.; Reed, E.B. (1994). "First Records of Two Neotropical Species of Mesocyclops (Copepoda) from Yukon Territory: Cases of Passive Dispersal?". Arctic. 47 (1): 80–87. doi:10.14430/arctic1275. JSTOR 40511533.
Ruppert, Edward E.; Fox, Richard, S.; Barnes, Robert D. (2004). Invertebrate Zoology (7th ed.). Cengage Learning. pp. 669–670. ISBN 978-81-315-0104-7.
Wyngaard, G.A.; Goulden, C.E.; Nourbakhsh, A. (1994). "Life history traits of the tropical freshwater copepod Mesocyclops longisetus (Crustacea: Copepoda)". Ecology and Morphology of Copepods. In: Ferrari F.D., Bradley B.P. (eds) Developments in Hydrobiology, vol 102.: 423–427. doi:10.1007/978-94-017-1347-4_53. ISBN 978-90-481-4490-7.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Lowry, J.K. (October 2, 1999). "Cyclopoida (Copepoda, Maxillipoda)". Crustacea, the Higher Taxa: Description, Identification, and Information Retrieval. Australian Museum. Archived from the original on April 15, 2012. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
Murugan, K.; Benelli, G.; Ayyappan, S. (2015). "Toxicity of seaweed-synthesized silver nanoparticles against the filariasis vector Culex quinquefasciatus and its impact on predation efficiency of the cyclopoid crustacean Mesocyclops longisetus". Parasitology Research. 114 (6): 2243–2253. doi:10.1007/s00436-015-4417-z. PMID 25782680.
Soumare, M.K.; Cilek, J.E. (2011). "The effectiveness of Mesocyclops longisetus (Copepoda) for the control of container-inhabiting mosquitoes in residential environments". Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association. 27 (4): 376–383. doi:10.2987/11-6129.1. PMID 22329269.

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[WoRMS-1] Walter, T. Chad (2013). "Mesocyclops longisetus longisetus (Thiébaud, 1912)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 31 January 2020.

[2] Reid, J.W.; Reed, E.B. (1994). "First Records of Two Neotropical Species of Mesocyclops (Copepoda) from Yukon Territory: Cases of Passive Dispersal?". Arctic. 47 (1): 80–87. doi:10.14430/arctic1275. JSTOR 40511533.

[Ruppert-3] Ruppert, Edward E.; Fox, Richard, S.; Barnes, Robert D. (2004). Invertebrate Zoology (7th ed.). Cengage Learning. pp. 669–670. ISBN 978-81-315-0104-7.

[Wyngaard-4] Wyngaard, G.A.; Goulden, C.E.; Nourbakhsh, A. (1994). "Life history traits of the tropical freshwater copepod Mesocyclops longisetus (Crustacea: Copepoda)". Ecology and Morphology of Copepods. In: Ferrari F.D., Bradley B.P. (eds) Developments in Hydrobiology, vol 102.: 423–427. doi:10.1007/978-94-017-1347-4_53. ISBN 978-90-481-4490-7.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[5] Lowry, J.K. (October 2, 1999). "Cyclopoida (Copepoda, Maxillipoda)". Crustacea, the Higher Taxa: Description, Identification, and Information Retrieval. Australian Museum. Archived from the original on April 15, 2012. Retrieved 30 January 2020.

[6] Murugan, K.; Benelli, G.; Ayyappan, S. (2015). "Toxicity of seaweed-synthesized silver nanoparticles against the filariasis vector Culex quinquefasciatus and its impact on predation efficiency of the cyclopoid crustacean Mesocyclops longisetus". Parasitology Research. 114 (6): 2243–2253. doi:10.1007/s00436-015-4417-z. PMID 25782680.

[7] Soumare, M.K.; Cilek, J.E. (2011). "The effectiveness of Mesocyclops longisetus (Copepoda) for the control of container-inhabiting mosquitoes in residential environments". Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association. 27 (4): 376–383. doi:10.2987/11-6129.1. PMID 22329269.