Merlin's dwarf gray frog

Merlin's dwarf gray frog (Pseudhymenochirus merlini), or Merlin's clawed frog, is a species of frog in the family Pipidae.[1][3] It is monotypic within the genus Pseudhymenochirus.[2][4] It is found in southern Guinea-Bissau, western Guinea, and southern Sierra Leone.[1][3]

Merlin's dwarf gray frog
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Pipidae
Genus: Pseudhymenochirus
Chabanaud, 1920[2]
Species:
P. merlini
Binomial name
Pseudhymenochirus merlini
Synonyms

Hymenochirus merlini (Chabanaud, 1920)

Taxonomy and evolution

Genus Pseudhymenochirus has also been placed as a subgenus in Hymenochirus (African dwarf frogs), although it is geographically widely separated from that genus.[2] At any rate, these two genera are probably sister groups.[5]

In most species in the family Pipidae, sound production occurs without externally visible movements of the flanks or throat and is based on a different mechanism than in anurans in general. This is interpreted as an adaptation to their aquatic lifestyle. However, within pipids, Hymenochirus appears to be an exception, and sound production is based on moving air in a more conventional anuran manner. Nevertheless, molecular and morphological analyses show that sound production in Hymenochirus is an evolutionary novelty that represents a reversal to the ancestral condition of air-driven sound production.[5]

Habitat and conservation

Pseudhymenochirus merlini is a largely aquatic frog that lives in aquatic habitats with shade, e.g., still water in lowland forests and agricultural land, and in small, very slow-moving rocky streams. It avoids waterbodies with many fish. It can colonize newly created aquatic habitats by migrating overland.[1]

Pseudhymenochirus merlini is common where it occurs. It is harvested for local food consumption, which is posing some threat to it. Also logging of shading trees and introduced predatory fish can locally have negative impacts, but overall this species in not threatened.[1]

References
  1. IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2013). "Pseudhymenochirus merlini". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T58165A18397096. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-2.RLTS.T58165A18397096.en.
  2. Frost, Darrel R. (2016). "Pseudhymenochirus Chabanaud, 1920". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 26 October 2016.
  3. Frost, Darrel R. (2016). "Pseudhymenochirus merlini Chabanaud, 1920". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 26 October 2016.
  4. "Pipidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2016. Retrieved 26 October 2016.
  5. Irisarri, Iker; Vences, Miguel; San Mauro, Diego; Glaw, Frank; Zardoya, Rafael (2011). "Reversal to air-driven sound production revealed by a molecular phylogeny of tongueless frogs, family Pipidae". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 11: 114. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-114. PMC 3111386. PMID 21524293.
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