Megachile melanophaea

Megachile melanophaea is a species of leaf-cutter bee in the family Megachilidae. It was first described by the British zoologist Frederick Smith in 1853.[1] It is native to North America.

Megachile melanophaea
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Megachilidae
Genus: Megachile
Species:
M. melanophaea
Binomial name
Megachile melanophaea
Smith, 1853

Description
Frontal view of face

Females are 12 to 14 millimetres (0.47 to 0.55 in) long while males are 9 to 12 millimetres (0.35 to 0.47 in). The head is black and is clothed with brownish-black hairs except around the lower part of the face and the base of the antennae where the hairs are yellowish-white. The thorax is densely pubescent, the hairs being yellowish-white on the back and sides and brownish-black on the underparts and legs. The wings are translucent with brownish-black veins. The first two terga (dorsal plates) of the abdomen have erect pale hairs and the hind terga have erect black hairs. The scopa (pollen-carrying apparatus under the abdomen) has reddish-brown hairs.[2]

Distribution

Megachile melanophaea is native to North America, its range extending from Nova Scotia to British Columbia and Alaska.[2]

Behaviour

Megachile melanophaea is a common species that nests in a hole in the ground or some other small cavity. The individual cells are lined with carefully cut pieces of leaf and provisioned with nectar and pollen. A single egg is laid in each cell.[3] This bee species is parasitized by the cuckoo bees Coelioxys sodalis and Coelioxys rufitarsus.[4] Adult bees visit flowers for the nectar and pollen and this species has been observed pollinating the slipper orchid Cypripedium macranthos var. rebunense which is otherwise pollinated almost exclusively by queen bumble bees.[5] Some populations of the slipper orchid Cypripedium reginae are pollinated by Megachile melanophaea while others are pollinated by the hoverfly Syrphus torvus, an unusual dual pollinator arrangement.[6]

References
  1. "Megachile". BioLib. 2014. Retrieved 12 October 2014.
  2. Sheffield, C.S.; Ratti, C.; Packer, L.; Griswold, T. (2011). "Megachile melanophaea". Leafcutter and Mason Bees of the Genus Megachilidae Latreille (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in Canada and Alaska. Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification No. 18. Retrieved 2014-11-30.
  3. Michener, Charles Duncan (2000). The Bees of the World. JHU Press. p. 568. ISBN 978-0-8018-6133-8.
  4. Sheffield, Cory S.; Kevan, Peter G.; Smith, Robert F. (2003). "Bee Species of Nova Scotia, Canada, with New Records and Notes on Bionomics and Floral Relations (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)". Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society. 76 (2): 357–384. JSTOR 25086122.
  5. Sugiura, N.; Goubara, M.; Kitamura, K.; Inoue, K. (2002). "Bumblebee pollination of Cypripedium macranthos var. rebunense (Orchidaceae); a possible case of floral mimicry of Pedicularis schistostegia (Orobanchaceae)". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 235 (1–4): 189–195. doi:10.1007/s00606-002-0229-6.
  6. Zheng, Guiling; Li, Peng; Pemberton, Robert; Luo, Yibo (2011). "Mixed bumblebee and blowfly pollination of Cypripedium flavum (Orchidaceae) in Sichuan, China". Ecological Research. 26 (2): 453–459. doi:10.1007/s11284-010-0798-8.
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