Max Holste Broussard

The Max Holste MH.1521 Broussard is a 1950s French six-seat utility monoplane designed by Max Holste to meet a French Army requirement.

Broussard
Operational French Army MH.1521M Broussard at Toussus-le-Noble airfield in 1965
Role Six-seat utility monoplane
National origin France
Manufacturer Avions Max Holste
First flight 1952
Introduction 1954
Retired 1993 (French army)
Primary user French Army
Number built 396
Developed from Max Holste MH.152

Design and development

The MH.1521 Broussard was designed to meet a requirement for a lightweight liaison and observation aircraft. It is a braced high-wing monoplane with twin vertical tail surfaces. It has a fixed tailwheel landing gear and is powered by a nose-mounted Pratt & Whitney R-985 radial piston engine.

Preserved MH-1521 Broussard at AirExpo in 2007

A smaller 220 horsepower (160 kW) Salmson 8 As.04 powered prototype aircraft, the MH.152, was first flown on 12 June 1951; it had room for a pilot and four passengers but was too small and underpowered to meet the Army requirement.[1] As a result, the company decided to develop a slightly larger version, the MH.1521 with the engine changed to a Pratt and Whitney Wasp Junior, which at 450 horsepower (340 kW) provided almost twice as much power.[1][2] The MH.1521 first flew on 17 November 1952.[2] It was later named the Broussard (lit. Man of the Bush, in the context of bush pilots rather than Bushmen). Its development was enthusiastically supported at a political level by WWII fighter ace and French war hero Pierre Clostermann, a close friend of Max Holste. Clostermann wrote a faction novel, "Leo 25 Airborne", based on his experiences flying Broussards with Escadrille ELO 3/45 in Algeria.

The first production aircraft made its maiden flight on 16 June 1954, and 363 were built before production ended in 1961.[3] Its similarity to the de Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver in looks, capability and performance lead it to be nicknamed "the French Beaver".

Operational history

It saw service in the Algerian War as an Army cooperation aircraft, mostly as an artillery spotter and in an air supply/ambulance role where its good short-field performance and resistance to ground fire were required. Its distinctive sound, made by its noisy radial engine and large propeller, was a disadvantage as the Algerian guerrillas could hear its approach long before other aircraft. It remained in service until the 1980s, and can still be seen in Denmark, France, the UK, and the United States being operated by enthusiasts or collectors.

Variants
MH.152
First prototype of the Broussard series, powered by a Salmson 8 As.04 inverted V-8 engine.
MH.1521
Prototypes, five built plus two pre-production aircraft and 19 pre-production military variants.
MH.1521A
Aircraft modified for agricultural use.[4]
MH.1521C
Commercial variant, 52 built.
MH.1521M
Military variant, 318 built.
MH.1522
Based on MH.1521, with full span leading-edge slats and double-slotted trailing edge flaps to improve stall performance. Prototype flown on 11 February 1958.[4]
MH.153
The prototype MH.152 powered by a Turbomeca Astazou turboprop engine. First flew in this form June 1957.[4]

Operators

Military operators
 Argentina
 Benin
 Cambodia
 Cameroon
 Central African Republic
 Chad
 France
 Ivory Coast
 Djibouti
 Gabon
 Madagascar
  • Malagasy Air Force
 Mali
  • 1
 Mauritania
  • Mauritanian Islamic Air Force[9]
 Morocco
 Niger
 Portugal
 Senegal
 Togo
 Upper Volta
  • Force Aérienne de Haute-Volta[12]

Civil operators
 France
  • Securite Civile

Surviving aircraft
MH-1521M Broussard F-GIBN flying at Oldtimer Fliegertreffen Hahnweide in 2013.
MH.1521 Broussard on display at the Air Zoo
  • G-YYYY (s/n 208) flies from Eggesford, UK in 2010.[13]
  • F-GIBN (s/n 261) stationed in Walldürn, Germany and in flying condition.[14]
  • HB-RSL (s/n 6) was stationed in Biel-Kappelen, Switzerland and in flying condition but was destroyed in a hangar fire on July 3, 2016.[15]
  • N246MH 1960 (s/n 246) is located in Friendswood, Texas, USA and in flying condition.[16]
  • N4022 (s/n 22) US FAA registered to a German company but operating in California as of Oct 2018.[17]
  • LV-X769 is registered as experimental aircraft in Argentina. It's in flying conditions as of March 2020.
    LV-X769 seen in flying condition at an EAA Airshow in Argentina in 2020

Specifications (MH.1521M)

Data from Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1958-59[18]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 1-2
  • Capacity: 4-5 passengers
  • Length: 8.65 m (28 ft 5 in)
  • Wingspan: 13.75 m (45 ft 1 in)
  • Height: 3.67 m (12 ft 0 in)
  • Wing area: 25.2 m2 (271 sq ft)
  • Aspect ratio: 7.5
  • Airfoil: NACA 4413
  • Empty weight: 1,650 kg (3,638 lb) equipped
  • Gross weight: 2,700 kg (5,952 lb)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Pratt & Whitney R-985-AN-1 9-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine, 336 kW (451 hp)
  • Propellers: 2-bladed Hamilton Standard 2.D.30 constant-speed propeller

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 259 km/h (161 mph, 140 kn) at 1,000 m (3,281 ft)
  • Cruise speed: 228 km/h (142 mph, 123 kn)
  • Stall speed: 92.6 km/h (57.5 mph, 50.0 kn)
  • Rate of climb: 3.99 m/s (785 ft/min) at sea level
  • Take-off run: 200 m (656 ft)
  • Take-off distance to 20 m (66 ft): 400 m (1,312 ft)
  • Landing distance from 20 m (66 ft): 400 m (1,312 ft)

See also

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

  • De Havilland Canada Beaver

References
Notes
  1. Bridgman 1952, p. 122
  2. Bridgman 1953, p. 141
  3. Taylor 1962, p. 52
  4. Taylor 1961, p. 57
  5. Gaines 1982, p. 1360
  6. Gaines 1982, p. 1361
  7. Gaines 1982, p. 1366
  8. Gaines 1982, p. 1372
  9. Gaines 1982, p. 1364
  10. Air International November 1985, pp. 229, 231.
  11. Lopes 1998, pp. 41–42
  12. Gaines 1982, p. 1365
  13. "1960 Max Holste MH-1521C-1 Broussard C/N 208". Retrieved November 22, 2013.
  14. "OTT 2013: F-GIBN Max Holste MH1521M Broussard". Retrieved November 22, 2013.
  15. "Max Holste MH-1521-C1 "Le Broussard" s/n 6". Retrieved November 22, 2013.
  16. "960 AVIONS MAX HOLSTE MH 1521 BROUSSARD Serial number 246". Retrieved April 23, 2018.
  17. "FAA REGISTRY N-Number Inquiry". FAA. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  18. Bridgman 1958, p. 158
Bibliography
  • Bridgman, Leonard R. V. (1952). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1952–53. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, Ltd.
  • Bridgman, Leonard R. V. (1953). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1953–53. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, Ltd.
  • Bridgman, Leonard (1958). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1958-59. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, Ltd.
  • Gaines, Mike (6 November 1982). "World Air Forces 1982". Flight International. Vol. 122 no. 3835. pp. 1327–1388. ISSN 0015-3710. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
  • Lopes, Mãrio Canongia (May–June 1998). "High-Winged Workhorses: Broussards and Dorniers in Portuguese Service". Air Enthusiast. No. 75. pp. 41–45. ISSN 0143-5450.
  • Simpson, R.W. Airlife's General Aviation. England: Airlife Publishing. p. 176. ISBN 1-85310-194-X.
  • Taylor, John W. R. (1961). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1961–62. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company Ltd.
  • Taylor, John W. R. (1962). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1962–63. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company Ltd.
  • Taylor, Michael J. H. (1989). Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Studio Editions.
  • The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982–1985). Orbis Publishing. p. 2436.
  • "The Royal Moroccan Air Force...A Seasoned Air Arm". Air International. Vol. 29 no. 5. November 1985. pp. 226–232, 250–252. ISSN 0306-5634.
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