Mary Scharlieb

Dame Mary Ann Dacomb Scharlieb, DBE (née Bird; 18 June 1845 – November 1930) was a pioneer British female physician and gynaecologist in the late 19th/early 20th centuries.[1] She had worked in India and by her persistence she returned to the UK to become a qualified doctor. She returned to Madras and eventually lectured in London. She was the first woman to be elected to the honorary visiting staff of a hospital in the UK.[2]

Mary Scharlieb
Mary Scharlieb c. 1875
Born18 June 1845
DiedNovember 1930
Alma mater
OccupationGynaecologist

Biography

Raised by her grandparents, following her mother's death, in a strict Evangelical Christian household, she attended a boarding school in Manchester, then to one in New Brighton, and finally at Mrs Tyndall's School at 16 Upper Hamilton Terrace in London. Aged 19, she met William Scharlieb, “who was engaged in eating his dinners at the Middle Temple, preparatory to his call to the Bar and subsequent practice in Madras as a barrister”. His initial marriage proposal in February 1865 was met with prompt parental opposition. Mary persisted and eventually the marriage took place in December 1865, and the couple sailed for India almost at once. She became instead one of the first four women students at the Madras Medical College.

In three years she gained her Licentiate in Medicine. She set sail to return to England with her children, old enough by then to travel, in a small ship, her eyes fixed on a degree in medicine. Upon her return to England in 1878 she called on Dr. (Mrs.) Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, the only qualified medical woman until 1877, who had recently started the London School of Medicine for Women. Here she met with small encouragement, her prolonged stay in India and her naturally frail physique producing an unfavourable impression of her ability to follow such a strenuous profession. She was, however, accepted, and in 1879, in company with three other candidates for the first medical examination, she passed.

In November 1882, aged 37, she received a degree of Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery with Honours in all subjects, the Gold Medal and the Scholarship in Obstetrics; shortly after this she gained second-class Honours in Surgery. As did many men at that time, she went for six weeks to study operative midwifery in Vienna, and by her persistence she obtained practice and experience.

She met with Queen Victoria who was curious about the status of Indian women and intrigued by Scharlieb's narrative. In 1883, she returned to India, and became lecturer in midwifery and gynæcology at the Madras Medical College and examiner in the same subjects to the university of Madras. In 1888 she took her London degree of M.D., and from 1887 to 1902 was surgeon at the New Hospital for Women (now the Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Hospital, Euston Road) initially assisting Dr. Mrs. Anderson, and being senior surgeon from 1889. In 1897, she obtained the Master of Surgery degree. In 1887 she was appointed lecturer on forensic medicine to the Royal Free Hospital, in 1889 lecturer on midwifery (until 1913), and in 1902 chief gynæcologist. Scharlieb was thus the first woman to be elected to the honorary visiting staff of any general hospital in the UK.[2]

She remained in this post until 1908.[3] Amongst her students was Helen Hanson who was so inspired by Scharlieb that she followed her example and became a medical missionary in India.[4][3]

She began her private practice after returning again to England, on 21 May 1887, with five patients in the morning, at #75 Park Street, where she shared an office with her medical student son. Five months later they moved to number 149 Harley Street, where she lived and practiced for nearly forty years.[3] After she retired from her posts in 1909, she continued in her private professional work. Her new “leisure” time was devoted to public works and to speaking and writing.

Honours

In 1926, she was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire. She was a member of the royal commission on Venereal Diseases 1913–16.[3] From 1918-30 she was president of the London School of Medicine for Women.[2] In 1928, she received honorary LLD from Edinburgh University.

World War I

After the outbreak of World War I she was offered (in September 1914) the charge of one of the Women's Hospitals in Belgium, but, realizing her age and her probable inability to stand the life, she declined. She offered to treat all officers' wives and Belgian women free of charge. She became Chairman of the Midwifery Committee of the Council of War Relief, and spent much of her time and remaining energies in its Maternity Hospital.

Religious beliefs

An extremely devout Anglo-Catholic (Anglican), she opposed contraception and divorce. She stated that “artificial contraceptives are wrong, morally, medically, rationally”. She put in a powerful plea for the exercise of natural means of spacing the family. She spoke of divorce and her belief that it is unjust even to the guilty party, who, if a second union is contracted by the innocent partner, is “thereby prevented from making reparation and by this debarred from full repentance”. She pleaded for the Church of England to strengthen and expand its own school system:

Among the queerest heresies is that which teaches that children ought not to be biassed, or, as they say, 'prejudiced' in their spiritual outlook ... [S]uch parents and guardians are, indeed, biassing and prejudicing their children's choice, because it is inevitable that children left without religious instruction must grow up in the belief that the truths of religion and the practice of religion cannot be of much importance to their parents.

Feminism

As a feminist she drew heavily on the theories of race superiority and argued that it was only natural that greater equality between the sexes in Britain should be achieved owing to their racial similarity. As a matter of fact, she argued, there is more physical, mental and moral resemblance "between an Englishman and an Englishwoman … than there is between an Englishman and a Bantu or Hottentot man."[5]

Writings
  • A Woman's Words to Women (1895)
  • The Mother's Guide to the Health and Care of her Children (1905)
  • Womanhood and Race-regeneration (1912)
  • The Seven Ages of Woman (1915)
  • The Hope of the Future (1916)
  • The Welfare of the Expectant Mother (1919)
  • Yet a More Excellent Way (novel) (1929)

Dr Scharlieb wrote an autobiography, Reminiscences, late in life.{https://archive.org/details/b29931009}

Legacy

In 1930 it was decided that a ward in the Royal Free Hospital would be named after her following construction of a new gynaecological and obstetrical unit at the hospital.[2]

See also
  • Women physicians

References
  1. Law, Cheryl (2000). Women, A Modern Political Dictionary. I.B.Tauris. pp. 131–. ISBN 978-1-86064-502-0.
  2. Kinnell, G; McIlroy, AL; Barrett, FE; Bolton, E; Aitken, J; Cullis, WC (1931). "Mary Scharlieb memoria". British Medical Journal. 1931: 475–43. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
  3. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1922). "Scharlieb, Mary Dacomb" . Encyclopædia Britannica (12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company.
  4. Elizabeth Prevost, ‘Hanson, Helen Beatrice de Rastricke (1874–1926)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2012 accessed 23 Nov 2017
  5. Scharlieb, Mary, Womanhood and race-regeneration, Forgotten Books; ISBN 978-1333586119, Chapt. III, pg. 44.
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