Mary E. Webb

Mary Espartero Webb (1828 – June 17, 1859) was an American actress and orator known for her dramatic readings of poetry and literature. She toured the northern United States and performed in Europe as a protégée of Harriet Beecher Stowe.

Mary E. Webb
Engraved newspaper illustration of Webb performing a dramatic reading in London, 1856
Born	1828 New Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
Died	June 17, 1859 (aged 30–31) Jamaica
Occupation	Actress orator
Spouse(s)	Frank J. Webb

Early life and family

Mary E. Webb was born in New Bedford, Massachusetts, three weeks after her mother succeeded in escaping there from slavery in Virginia.[1] Her father, who was described as "a Spanish gentleman of wealth [who] had made many efforts to purchase the freedom of her mother", provided financial support for Mary until age 6 or 7.[1] Through her mother's efforts, Mary was admitted to a school where her education included poetry and dramatic literature, and developed a talent for performance.[1]

In 1845, at the age of 17, she married Frank J. Webb (1828–1894), who had been born into Philadelphia's community of free African Americans.[2][3] His maternal grandfather, according to the family's oral history, was former U.S. Vice President Aaron Burr.

Frank Webb initially worked as a commercial artist, but would become known as a novelist, poet, and essayist.[4] His novel, The Garies and Their Friends (1857), was the second novel by an African American to be published, and the first to portray the daily lives of free blacks in the North.

Performance career

In Philadelphia, Mary Webb undertook voice training with a professor of elocution.[1] She made her public debut on April 19, 1855, in the Assembly Rooms in Philadelphia, "before an audience containing a larger number of professional critics than had ever been before assembled in that city", receiving unanimously favorable reviews.[1] She soon gained renown for her dramatic readings of works by Shakespeare, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, and Philip Sheridan.

In late 1855 and 1856, Webb toured New England, where she attracted the attention of Harriet Beecher Stowe and other prominent literary abolitionists.[2]^:170 Stowe was so impressed by the readings that she acted as her patron, adapting scenes from her bestselling novel Uncle Tom's Cabin expressly for Mary Webb's performance.[5][6] One of her performances of Uncle Tom was attended by Longfellow, who wrote, "A striking scene, this Cleopatra with a white wreath in her dark hair, and a sweet, musical voice, reading to a great, unimpassioned, immovable Boston audience."[3]

Stowe then helped to arrange a transatlantic tour for the Webbs, and provided a letter of introduction which included her own praise and a postscript that Longfellow had been "much pleased with Mrs. Webb's reading of his new poem Hiawatha".[7] The Webbs traveled to England in 1856, where Mary's dramatic readings garnered further acclaim.

The couple received a warm welcome from many British nobles.[4] In the wake of the Webbs' visit to England, the London firm of G. Routledge and Company published Frank Webb's first and only novel, The Garies and Their Friends, which was published with a preface by Stowe.[8]

Illness and death

The international tour had taken a severe toll on Mary Webb's health, and on the advice of physicians who recommended a warmer climate, the Webbs made an extended visit to Cannes in 1857–1858.[9] The Webbs then relocated in 1858 to Kingston, Jamaica, where Frank's British friends secured him a job with the postal service.[10]

Mary Webb died of tuberculosis in Jamaica on June 17, 1859.[10] After her death, Frank Webb lived in Jamaica for over ten years, from 1858 to 1869, and remarried there before returning to the United States.

See also

• Abolitionism in New Bedford, Massachusetts

References

1. Webb, Frank J. (1856). "Biographical Sketch [of Mary E. Webb]". The Christian Slave: A Drama Founded on a Portion of Uncle Tom's Cabin. By Stowe, Harriet Beecher. London: Sampson, Low, Son, and Co. Archived from the original on 2019-04-16.
2. Maillard, Mary, ed. (2017). Whispers of Cruel Wrongs: The Correspondence of Louisa Jacobs and Her Circle, 1879–1911. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-299-31180-3.
3. Longfellow, Samuel, ed. (1891) [December 6, 1855]. Life of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, with extracts from his journals and correspondence, Vol. II. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. pp. 297–298.
4. Maillard, Mary (2013). "'Faithfully Drawn from Real Life': Autobiographical Elements in Frank J. Webb's The Garies and Their Friends". Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography. 137 (3): 261–300. doi:10.5215/pennmaghistbio.137.3.0261. JSTOR 10.5215/pennmaghistbio.137.3.0261.
5. Crosby, Sara L. (2018). "Playing Poison: Mary Webb's Antidote to the Tom Shows". Women in Medicine in Nineteenth-Century American Literature: From Poisoners to Doctors, Harriet Beecher Stowe to Theda Bara. Palgrave Studies in Literature, Science and Medicine. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 87–133.
6. Joyce, Valerie M. (2013). "Creating a Living Historiography: Tracing the Outlines of Philadelphia's Antebellum African American Women and Mapping Memory onto the Body". Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies. 80 (3): 420–441. doi:10.5325/pennhistory.80.3.0420. JSTOR 10.5325/pennhistory.80.3.0420. Retrieved 2020-01-27.
7. Stowe, Harriet Beecher (May 24, 1856). Railton, Stephen (ed.). "Manuscript Letter to Lady Hatherton". Uncle Tom's Cabin & American Culture. University of Virginia. Archived from the original on 2015-10-08.
8. Sollors, Werner (2004). Introduction. Fiction, Essays, Poetry. By Webb, Frank J. New Milford, CT: The Toby Press. pp. 1–13.
9. Webb, Frank J. (2016). Howell, William Huntting; Walsh, Megan (eds.). The Garies and Their Friends. Broadview Press. p. 27. ISBN 978-1-4604-0227-6.
10. Moulton, Amber D. (2012). "'Times Change': Frank J. Webb Addresses Robert Morris on the Promise of Reconstruction". The New England Quarterly. 85 (1): 137–144. doi:10.1162/TNEQ_a_00159. JSTOR 23251367.