Marseillevirus

Marseillevirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Marseilleviridae. There are currently only two species in this genus, including the type species Marseillevirus marseillevirus.[1][2] It is the prototype of a family of nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDV) of eukaryotes (commonly known as Giant Viruses). It was isolated from amoeba.[3]

Marseillevirus
Virus classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Varidnaviria
Kingdom: Bamfordvirae
Phylum: Nucleocytoviricota
Class: Megaviricetes
Order: Pimascovirales
Family: Marseilleviridae
Genus: Marseillevirus
Type species
Marseillevirus marseillevirus

Taxonomy

Group: dsDNA

[2]

History

The virus is named after the French town of Marseille.

Since the description of the first virus in this family several others have been discovered. These have been named after the area they were discovered. This family includes Brazilian Marseillevirus, Cannes 8 virus, Insectomime virus, Lausannevirus, Melbournevirus, Port-Miou virus, Senegalvirus, Tunisvirus and Tokyovirus.

Structure

Viruses in Marseillevirus have icosahedral geometries. The diameter is around 250 nm. The genome has 457 open reading frames and is circular.[1] The genome has a length of 368 kb,[1] with a G+C content of 44.73%. It encodes a minimum of 49 proteins.

The genome of the virus includes typical NCLDV core genes and genes apparently obtained from eukaryotic hosts and their parasites or symbionts, both bacterial and viral, through probably horizontal gene transfer mechanism.

GenusStructureSymmetryCapsidGenomic arrangementGenomic segmentation
MarseillevirusIcosahedralCircular

Life cycle

Viral replication is nucleo-cytoplasmic. Dna templated transcription is the method of transcription. Amoeba serve as the natural host.[1]

GenusHost detailsTissue tropismEntry detailsRelease detailsReplication siteAssembly siteTransmission
MarseillevirusAmoebaNoneFusionLysisCytoplasmCytoplasmDiffusion in Water

See also

Other giant viruses:

References
  1. "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 12 August 2015.
  2. ICTV. "Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release". Retrieved 12 August 2015.
  3. Boyer, Mickaël; Yutin, Natalya; Pagnier, Isabelle; Barrassi, Lina; Fournous, Ghislain; Espinosa, Leon; Robert, Catherine; Azza, Saïd; Sun, Siyang; Rossmann, Michael G.; Suzan-Monti, Marie; La Scola, Bernard; Koonin, Eugene V.; Raoult, Didier (2009). "Giant Marseillevirus highlights the role of amoebae as a melting pot in emergence of chimeric microorganisms". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106 (51): 21848–53. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10621848B. doi:10.1073/pnas.0911354106. PMC 2799887. PMID 20007369.
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