Mark H. Johnson

Mark Henry Johnson FBA (born 1960)[1] is a British cognitive neuroscientist who, since October 2017, has been Professor of Experimental Psychology and Head of the Department of Psychology at the University of Cambridge.[2][4] He is a Fellow of the Association for Psychological Science.[5]

Mark Johnson

FBA
Born
Mark Henry Johnson

1960 (age 60–61)[1]
Alma materUniversity of Edinburgh (BSc)
University of Cambridge (PhD)
Known forRethinking Innateness
AwardsQueen's Anniversary Prize (2006)[2]
Scientific career
InstitutionsUniversity of Cambridge
Carnegie Mellon University
Birkbeck, University of London
ThesisAn analysis of the neural systems underlying filial preference behaviour in the domestic chick (1985)
Doctoral advisorPatrick Bateson[3]
Websitewww.psychol.cam.ac.uk/people/professor-mark-johnson

Education

Johnson was educated at the University of Edinburgh (BSc) and the University of Cambridge where his PhD was supervised by Patrick Bateson.[3][6] He was a postgraduate student at King's College, Cambridge.[1]

Career and research

In 1996, Johnson co-authored, (with Jeffrey Elman, Annette Karmiloff-Smith, Elizabeth Bates, Domenico Parisi, and Kim Plunkett), the book Rethinking Innateness,[7] which examines neural network approaches to development.[8] In the book, Elman et al. propose that genetic information might provide "constraints" on how a dynamic network responds to the environment during learning. For example, they suggest that a learning system can be seen as being subject to architectural constraints during development, an idea that gave birth to the neural network field of constructivist modelling. Rethinking Innateness has received more than 1,500 citations,[4] and was nominated as one of the "One hundred most influential works in cognitive science from the 20th Century" (Minnesota Millennium Project).[8]

Johnson has gone on to develop[9] an Interactive Specialization approach to development, that views cognitive brain development as a series of back-propagated interactions between genetics, brain, body and environment. This model of cognitive development emphasises that development is a stochastic, network-based, interactive process. As such, it echoes contemporary work in other areas of development, such as probabilistic epigenesis and gene regulatory networks.

In 2007, Johnson co-authored (with Denis Mareschal, Sylvain Sirois, Michael Spratling, Michael Thomas and Gert Westermann) Neuroconstructivism,[10] which discusses the relationship between cognition, the brain and the environment. Specifically, they argue that "the brain acquires and develops multiple, fragmentary representations that are just sufficient for on-the-fly processing" and that these representations "serve to cause behaviours rather than to mirror the environment." Volume 2 contains a variety of neural network models that investigate how these representations change during learning (including models from Randy O’Reilly, Matthew Schlesinger and Yuko Munakata).

Johnson specialises in the development of the brain networks subserving social cognition. He is the author of more than 200 papers,[4] and has written or edited seven books, most notably his textbook Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience[11] He serves, with Denis Mareschal, as co-editor of the journal Developmental Science.

References
  1. Anon (2011). "Johnson, Prof. Mark Henry". Who's Who. ukwhoswho.com (online Oxford University Press ed.). A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc. doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U254715. (subscription or UK public library membership required) (subscription required). ISBN 978-0-1995-4088-4.
  2. "Profile: Professor Mark Johnson". Psychol.cam.ac.uk. University of Cambridge. Archived from the original on 4 October 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
  3. Johnson, Mark Henry (1985). An analysis of the neural systems underlying filial preference behaviour in the domestic chick. Jisc.ac.uk (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. OCLC 59349905. EThOS uk.bl.ethos.356655.
  4. Mark H. Johnson publications indexed by Google Scholar
  5. "2019 APS Mentor Awards". April 2019. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
  6. "Neurotree - Patrick Bateson". Neurotree.org. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
  7. Elman, Jeffrey (1996). Rethinking Innateness: A Connectionist Perspective on Development. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-55030-X.
  8. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 24 June 2008. Retrieved 5 June 2008.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  9. Johnson, M.H. (2000). "Functional brain development in infants: Elements of an interactive specialization framework". Child Development. 71 (1): 75–81. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00120. PMID 10836560.
  10. Mareschal, Denis (2007). Neuroconstructivism: Volumes I & II (Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-921482-4.
  11. Johnson, Mark (2005). Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 2nd Ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 1-4051-2629-9.
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