Mao Muzhi
Mao Muzhi (died c. 379), courtesy name Xianzu, also known as Mao Xianzu and Mao Husheng, was a military officer during the Jin dynasty (266–420). He was the son of the Jin general Mao Bao and served under Yu Yi before going to Huan Wen after the Yu's death. He assisted in Huan Wen's northern expedition and later the Jin defense against Former Qin's conquest.
Mao Muzhi | |
|---|---|
毛穆之 | |
| Champion General (冠軍將軍) | |
| In office 369 – 370 | |
| Monarch | Emperor Fei of Jin |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Unknown |
| Died | c. 379 |
| Relations | Mao Xiuzhi (grandson) |
| Children | Mao Zhen Mao Zhu Mao Qiu Mao Fan Mao Jin Mao Yuan |
| Father | Mao Bao |
| Courtesy name | Xianzu (憲祖) |
| Childhood name | Husheng (虎生) |
| Posthumous name | Lie (烈) |
Service under Yu Yi and Huan Wen
Mao Muzhi's father was Mao Bao, a distinguished general during Su Jun's rebellion who died during Yu Liang's attempted invasion of Later Zhao in 339. His given name underwent many changes in his later years. First, he changed his given name to his style name Xianzu in 361 due to taboo as Emperor Ai of Jin's wife, Wang Muzhi became empress. Later, he changed to his childhood name Husheng due to taboo again as Jin's Grand Marshal Huan Wen's mother's given name was 'Xian'.[1]
Mao Muzhi first served in the staff of Yu Yi, who at the time was busy preparing holding invasions against Cheng Han and Later Zhao. His brother Yu Bing died in 344, and with no one else in the Yu clan to handle home affairs, Yu Yi chose his son Yu Fangzhi (庾方之) to guard Xiangyang. However, Fangzhi was too young, so Yu Yi entrusted Mao Muzhi, who was serving as his Army Advisor at the time, to be Fangzhi's marshal.[2] Yu Yi died the following year in 345 from an ulcer, which led to many among his staff led by Gan Zan (干瓚) to rebel. Mao Muzhi, Yuan Zhen, Jiang Bin (江虨) and Zhu Dao (朱燾) allied together and put down Gan Zan's rebellion.[3]
After the death of Yu Yi, Mao Muzhi went to serve Huan Wen, who in 345 became Inspector of Jingzhou. In 352, Huan Wen removed his rival Yin Hao from office and took control of the northern expeditions. Mao Muzhi participated in Huan's second northern expedition in 356, serving as Administrator of Yingchuan at that point. After Huan Wen captured Luoyang, Mao Muzhi was left to guard Luoyang while they wait for Xie Shang's arrival.[4]
Mao Muzhi would only reappear in the records in 369, now named Mao Husheng. Huan Wen was carrying out his campaign to destroy Former Yan once and for all. Husheng was serving as Huan Wen's Champion General and was tasked in building a canal at Juye to allow water to flow from the Wen River to the Qing River. Husheng seems to not have taken in any fighting during the campaign, and after Huan Wen was badly defeated at Fangtou, he was appointed Commander of military affairs in four commandaries, and as Administrator of Eastern Yan. He was further made Administrator of Huainan to defend Liyang when Yuan Zhen's Rebellion broke out shortly after the defeat at Fangtou.[5]
After Huan Wen deposed Emperor Fei in 371, Mao Husheng was made Commander of military affairs in Jingzhou north of the Mian River and in Yizheng in Yangzhou.[6] His brother, Mao Anzhi (毛安之) also played an important role in Huan Wen's government, tasked in defending the palace with his guards.
Defense against Former Qin
Huan Wen died in 373, leaving behind a dynasty monopolised by his family but also one that was facing a serious threat from Former Qin. Mao Husheng was made the new Inspector of Yizhou in 373 after the province fell to Former Qin forces. Mao Husheng and his son Mao Qiu (毛球) campaigned against Qin but did not have enough supply and had to abandon the campaign after reaching Baxi (巴西; around present-day Langzhong).[7]
In 378, the Jin general Peng Chao attacked Pengcheng. Mao Husheng camped at Gushu (姑孰; present-day Dangtu County, Anhui) to oppose a potential attack although the situation was relieved the following year as Xie Xuan drove out Peng Chao. Mao Husheng's last military activity was in 379, attacking Bazhong to save Weixing (魏興; around present-day Ankang, Shaanxi). However, he had to retreat to Badong as forces led by his ally Zhao Fu (趙福) were badly defeated by Qin. There was an attempt by the Shu native Li Wu (李烏) to help Husheng by attacking Chengdu but he too was defeated.[8]
Mao Husheng passed away not long after this from illness. For his long service, Husheng was posthumously named 'Lie' and appointed as General of the Central Army.[9]
References
- (穆之字憲祖，小字武生，名犯王靖後諱，故行字，後又以桓溫母名憲，乃更稱小字。) Book of Jin, Volume 81
- (方之年少，以參軍毛穆之為建武司馬以輔之。穆之，寶之子也。) Zizhi Tongjian, Volume 97
- (翼部將干瓚等作亂，殺冠軍將軍曹據。朱燾與安西長史江虨、建武司馬毛穆之、將軍袁真等共誅之。虨，統之子也。) Zizhi Tongjian, Volume 97
- (桓溫徙其餘衆三千餘家于江漢之間，執周成而歸。使揚武將軍毛穆之，督護陳午，輔國將軍、河南太守戴施鎮洛陽。) Book of Jin, Volume 8
- (溫伐慕容暐，使穆之監鑿钜野百餘里，引汶會於濟川。及溫焚舟步歸，使穆之督東燕四郡軍事。領東燕太守，本官如故。袁真以壽陽叛，溫將征之。穆之以冠軍領淮南太守，守曆陽。) Book of Jin, Volume 81
- (以冠軍將軍毛武生都督荊州之沔中、揚州之義城諸軍事。) Book of Jin, Volume 9
- (周仲孫坐失守免官。桓沖以冠軍將軍毛虎生為益州刺史，領建平太守，以虎生子球為梓潼太守。虎生與球代秦，至巴西，以糧乏，退屯巴東。) Zizhi Tongjian, Volume 103
- (癸未，使右將軍毛虎生帥眾三萬擊巴中，以救魏興。前鋒督護趙福等至巴西，為秦將張紹等所敗，亡七千餘人。虎生退屯巴東。蜀人李烏聚眾二萬，圍成都以應虎生，秦王堅使破虜將軍呂光擊滅之。) Zizhi Tongjian, Volume 105
- (追贈中軍將軍，諡曰烈。) Book of Jin, Volume 81
- Fang, Xuanling (ed.) (648). Book of Jin (Jin Shu).
- Sima, Guang (1084). Zizhi Tongjian.