Mangifera caesia

Mangifera caesia is a species of flowering plant in the cashew family, Anacardiaceae. Common names include jack, white mango, binjai (Malay language), wani (Balinese language), yaa-lam (Thai language), bayuno/baluno/belunok (Filipino language) and mangga wani (Cebuano language). It belongs to the same genus as the mango and is widely cultivated in areas of Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Papua New Guinea and the Philippines.[1]

"Jack (tree)" redirects here. For the breadfruit relative, see Jackfruit.

Mangifera caesia
Mangifera caesia fruits from Lapuyan, Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines, prepared in a typical Filipino fashion for a "merienda" or snack.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Sapindales
Family: Anacardiaceae
Genus: Mangifera
Species:
M. caesia
Binomial name
Mangifera caesia
Jack ex Wall.

It was featured in Malaysian stamp, printed in 27-Feb-1999 under rare fruits series stamp.[2]

Description

These are restricted to wet lowlands at below 450m.[1] It requires rainfall and is rarely in found forests but rather abundant in marshy places and riverside areas.[1] Grows up to 30 m (98 ft) tall[1] with a dense crown of round-shaped leaves. The flowers are purple or pink, 0.7 cm long with five sepals. The fruit is a large, edible, elliptical drupe 10–15 cm (4–6 in) long and 6–8 cm (2.5–3 in) wide. The skin is thin and brown with darker patches, and the flesh is yellow-white, mushy, and strongly odorous with an acid-sweet or sour taste. The binjai is believed to originate from the island of Borneo, but is commonly grown elsewhere for its edible fruit. The tree is one of the most common and valuable Mangifera species in western Malaysia, where it is cultivated extensively in orchards. It is also widely grown in Bali, Sumatra, and Borneo.[3]

Reproduction

This tree produces thousand of fruits, ripening three months after anthesis. The fruit matures during the rainy season, this is a deciduous, stands erect and bare before shedding large bud scales that envelops twigs and inflorescence.

Propagation method

It is propagated from seeds[4] or through marcotting.[5] Grafting on the seedling stock is also possible through inarching potted rootstocks onto twigs of mother trees. The mature tree requires abundant space, about 12m to 16m in either direction.[6]

Used in dishes

The fruit of the M. caesia can be served fresh, preserved or cooked.[4] They can be eaten dipped in chili and dark soy sauce. In Bali, it is used as an ingredient for local creamy juices,[3] also for making spice base for chillies sambal which is eaten with river fish. it can also be used in making pickles The wood is used for light construction.[1]

Nutritional value

The following is the nutritional value of binjai fruit per 100 grams that is

As irritant

The sap of M. caesia can cause skin eruptions[7] or dermatitis.[8] It unripe fruits' sap can also cause irritation.[9][1]

References
  1. K, Lim T. (2012). Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants: Volume 1, Fruits. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-90-481-8661-7. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  2. Katalog setem : Setem › Rare Fruits of Malaysia.
  3. Kostermans, A. J. G. H. (2012). The Mangoes: Their Botany, Nomenclature, Horticulture and Utilization. Academic Press. pp. 149–151. ISBN 978-0-323-15912-8. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  4. "Perennial Edible Fruits of the Tropics: An Inventory". United States Department of Agriculture. p. 17. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  5. Food and Fruit-bearing Forest Species. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 1983. p. 93. ISBN 978-92-5-101385-4. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  6. "You are being redirected..." Worldagroforestry.org. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
  7. Michels (Journalist), John (1943). Science. p. 42. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  8. Perry, Lily May; Metzger, Judith (1980). Medicinal plants of East and Southeast Asia: attributed properties and uses. MIT Press. p. 14. ISBN 9780262160766. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  9. Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology. American Medical Association. 1945. p. 164. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
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