Madie Hall Xuma

Madie Hall Xuma
Madie Hall Xuma
Personal details
Born	1894
Died	10 September 1963 (age 69)
Spouse(s)	A.B Xuma
Alma mater	Shaw University ; Teachers' CollegeWinston-Salem ; Columbia University

Madie Hall Xuma (1894– 10 September 1982) was African American educator and social activist in South Africa. She was well known called as 'Mother of nation'[1] Her husband, A.B Xuma was president of Africa National Congress(ANC) and the first black medical doctor from South Africa.

Early life and education

Xuma was born Madie Beatrice Hall in Winston-Salem, North Carolina on 1894. Xuma was one of four children from H. H. Hall, the only black doctor in the Winston Salem, and his wife Ginny Cowan Hall who was a real estate entrepreneur.[2] At first, she was intend to be a medical doctor like her father and her brother. She was admitted in Howard University College of Medicine after finished her normal school training in Shaw University.[1] This admittance was rejected by her father cause of sexual assault which happen to black female doctor. Then, she taught at Winston Salem Public School and Mary Mcleod Bethuna Daytona-Cookman College. She get Bachelor of Science in education from Teachers' College in Winston-Salem on 1937 and Master of Arts in education from Teachers College, Columbia University on 1938. She was also a executive secretary for Young Women's Christian Association in (YWCA) North Carolina and Virginia [3]

Life after meeting A.B Xuma

She was still studying for a master's degree in education at Columbia University when she met the widowed Alfred Bitini Xuma who was visiting United States on 1937-1938.[4] Despite her aching to depart to South Africa, her scheduled embarkation on 5 October 1939 was delayed indefinitely cause of war. Because of suggestion from her husband, Xuma went on to study social work at Atlanta University to wait for the embarkation.[1] She and A.B Xuma married in Cape Town on 18 May 1940, the day after she was arrived in Cape town.[5]

Soon after her arrival, she produced a popular musical about the advancement of African American life to South African people and proposed a follow-up play entitled The Green Pastures which tell about black liberation. During the 1940s, she was often giving speech about main reason of slavery which lie in the brainwashing to make black people believe that they are inferior and accept their servant status. She usually addressed groups, such as Bantu Nurses Association and Daughters of Africa. She was also created a play to gather fund for ANC entitled American Negro Review: The Progress of a Race which based on play in Winston-Salem, North Carolina with a cast that included Marion Anderson. This play was popular and raising money over £200 for ANC.[1]

She was the first president of the African National Congress Women's League serving from 1943 to 1949. She successfully advocated full membership and voting rights for women in the ANC. She assisted in the foundation of the Zenzele self-help movement clubs for women's enrichment, whose design she took from her experience with American clubs for black women. In 1951, she affiliated the Zenzele with the world YWCA, though with objection from the South African YWCA, which denied black women membership and the South African Government.[3][6] She was elected as president of the national council of the South African Young Women's Christian Association on 1955.[4]

On February 1963, a year after husband's death on 1962, she returned to Winston-Salem, North Carolina until her death on 10 September 1982.[7]

References

Berger, Iris (September 2001). "An African American 'Mother of the Nation': Madie Hall Xuma in South Africa, 1940-1963". Journal of Southern African Studies. 27 (3): 547–566. doi:10.1080/13632430120074581. ISSN 0305-7070. S2CID 145148224.
Wilson EH (1992). Hope and Dignity: Older Black Women of the South. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. pp. 143–9. ISBN 978-1-56639-017-0.
Smith B G (2008). The Oxford encyclopedia of women in world history. Oxford [England]: Oxford University Press. p. 141. ISBN 978-0-19-514890-9. OCLC 167505633.CS1 maint: date and year (link)
"Madie Hall-Xuma | South African History Online". www.sahistory.org.za. 27 February 2011. Retrieved 2019-12-29.
"Xuma, Madie Hall | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2020-07-21.
Kathleen E. Sheldon (2005). Historical Dictionary of Women in Sub-Saharan Africa. Scarecrow Press. p. 270. ISBN 978-0-8108-5331-7.
Gish S (2000). Alfred B. Xuma : African, American, South African. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan Press. p. 204. ISBN 978-0-230-59962-8. OCLC 681913910.

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[:0-1] Berger, Iris (September 2001). "An African American 'Mother of the Nation': Madie Hall Xuma in South Africa, 1940-1963". Journal of Southern African Studies. 27 (3): 547–566. doi:10.1080/13632430120074581. ISSN 0305-7070. S2CID 145148224.

[Wilson1992-2] Wilson EH (1992). Hope and Dignity: Older Black Women of the South. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. pp. 143–9. ISBN 978-1-56639-017-0.

[:1-3] Smith B G (2008). The Oxford encyclopedia of women in world history. Oxford [England]: Oxford University Press. p. 141. ISBN 978-0-19-514890-9. OCLC 167505633.CS1 maint: date and year (link)

[:2-4] "Madie Hall-Xuma | South African History Online". www.sahistory.org.za. 27 February 2011. Retrieved 2019-12-29.

[5] "Xuma, Madie Hall | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2020-07-21.

[Sheldon2005-6] Kathleen E. Sheldon (2005). Historical Dictionary of Women in Sub-Saharan Africa. Scarecrow Press. p. 270. ISBN 978-0-8108-5331-7.

[7] Gish S (2000). Alfred B. Xuma : African, American, South African. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan Press. p. 204. ISBN 978-0-230-59962-8. OCLC 681913910.