Lucio Cabañas

Lucio Cabañas Barrientos (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈlu.sjo kaˈβa.ɲas], 12 December 1938 – 2 December 1974) was a Mexican schoolteacher who became a revolutionary, albeit not a Marxist one. Cabañas regarded Emiliano Zapata as his role model and he never abandoned his Christian faith, as can be seen in Gerardo Tort's film documentary on him.[1]

In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Cabañas and the second or maternal family name is Barrientos.
Lucio Cabañas Barrientos
Statue of Lucio Cabañas in Atoyac
Born(1938-12-12)12 December 1938
Mexico
Died2 December 1974
NationalityMexico
OrganizationParty of the Poor

Early life

Lucio was born on December 12, 1938 into a peasant household. His paternal grandfather had been a Zapatista and his uncle Pablo, had participated in the Vidales brothers' guerilla in the 1920s. He completed his basic education in the town of El Cayaco. Later in February 1956, he entered the Ayotzinapa Normal.

Teacher

He was born in El Porvenir, of Atoyac de Álvarez, in the state of Guerrero. He became politically active when he studied at the Ayotzinapa Rural Teachers' College and was a leader of the local student union. In 1962 he was elected to the post of General Secretary of the Federation of Socialistic Peasant Students of Mexico. When he began work as a teacher, he also mediated problems at other schools.

Revolutionary

When a rector of Juan Álvarez school in Atoyac demanded that all pupils wear school uniforms, Cabañas argued that some families were so poor they could hardly feed their children, let alone buy school uniforms. The rector was fired but his supporters remained. When a strike on 18 May 1967 ended in shooting and deaths, Cabañas fled to the mountains and joined the group of Genaro Vázquez Rojas until Vázquez' death on 2 February 1972.

Cabañas led a guerrilla group, the Party of the Poor (PDLP) and Peasants' Brigade Against Injustice (PDLP-BCA). They numbered perhaps 300 members and lived in the Guerrero Mountains. He financed his group through kidnappings and bank robberies.

The Mexican government sent 16,000 soldiers to the Sierra Madre de Atoyac Mountains to hunt him. Fifty of them died during the chase.

Death

On May 20th, 1974, the PDLP kidnapped Rubén Figueroa, senator and close friend to President Echeverría, and presented the government with a list of demands. The Mexican government refused to negotiate with the guerrillas and instead increased their attempt to eliminate the guerrilla group.[2] The military recovered Figueroa in September,[3]but continued their increased attacks against the guerillas. The kidnapping marked the beginning of the end for Cabañas and the PDLP.

According to the Mexican government, Cabañas and three other guerillas were found in El Otatal, Tecpan de Galeana and killed in combat on December 2nd, 1974. Newer information contests that Cabañas killed himself to avoid capture or was executed by the Mexican military.[4]

Legacy

There are a number of legends about him, including that he had five women bodyguards and carried a bag full of money that he distributed to the poor. Those are most likely "tall tales"; similar legends have been built around Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata.

In recent, years, Cabañas has become a left-wing icon in Mexico, much like Che Guevara and Subcomandante Marcos. During recent social movements, including the 2006 clashes between teachers and the state government of Oaxaca, Cabañas's face appeared on banners alongside those of Guevara and Vladimir Lenin.

Works

The writer Carlos Montemayor recounts the history of the Party of the Poor in his 1990 book Guerra en el Paraíso (War in Paradise). The book El guerrillero by Camarada Ernesto refers to Lucio Cabañas, the PDLP and the sierra.See the documentary La Guerrilla y la Esperanza: Lucio Cabañas (La Rabia Films, 2005).

Guerrilla groups such as the Revolutionary Democratic People's Army, Revolutionary Army of the Insurgent People and the Popular Revolutionary Army that operated in the state of Guerrero reflected as a direct influence the methodology and outreach to indigenous communities.[5]

Murder of his widow

On 3 July 2011, it was reported that the widow of Cabañas, Isabel Ayala Nava, was assassinated, along with her sister, as the two women exited a church in Xaltianguis, Guerrero. The killers fired from a vehicle; one then got down and stole the cell phones from the victims. Isabel Ayala had recently been demanding justice over the killing of her brother.[6]

See also

Bibliography
  • Ulloa Bornemann, Alberto. Surviving Mexico's Dirty War: A Political Prisoner's Memoir. trans. Aurora Camacho de Schmidt and Arthur Schmidt. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2007. ISBN 1-59213-423-8

Notes
  1. Prepara Gerardo Tort nueva cinta sobre Lucio Cabañas (in Spanish) Archived March 25, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  2. Avina, Alexander. “Chapter 6: A Poor People's Revolution.” Essay. In Specters of Revolution: Peasant Guerrillas in the Cold War Mexican Countryside, 158–60. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2014.
  3. AGN, SDN box 100, file 299, 702, 705; and SDN box 100, file 298, 26-28
  4. Avina, Alexander. “Chapter 6: A Poor People's Revolution.” Essay. In Specters of Revolution: Peasant Guerrillas in the Cold War Mexican Countryside, 158–60. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2014.
  5. "Viendo: República Mexicana, 18 de Mayo de 2001". Cedema. Retrieved 2020-10-30.
  6. El Imparcial. "Asesinan a la viuda de Lucio Cabañas" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 11 February 2012.
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