Louisiana Offshore Oil Port

The Louisiana Offshore Oil Port (LOOP) is a deepwater port in the Gulf of Mexico 29 kilometers (18 nautical miles)[1] off the coast of Louisiana near the town of Port Fourchon. LOOP provides tanker offloading and temporary storage services for crude oil transported on some of the largest tankers in the world. Most tankers offloading at LOOP are too large for U.S. inland ports. LOOP handles 13 percent of the nation's foreign oil, about 1.2 million barrels (190,000 m3) a day, and connects by pipeline to 50 percent of the U.S. refining capability.

Tanker Oliva offloading at LOOP.
LOOP Pumping Platform Complex.

Description

Tankers offload at LOOP by pumping crude oil through hoses connected to a Single Buoy Mooring (SBM) base. Three SPMs are located 8,000 feet (2.4 km) from the Marine Terminal. The SPMs are designed to handle ships up to 700,000 deadweight tons (635,000 metric tonnes). The crude oil then moves to the Marine Terminal via a 56-inch (1.4 m) diameter submarine pipeline. The Marine Terminal consists of a control platform and a pumping platform.

The control platform is equipped with a helicopter pad, living quarters, control room, vessel traffic control station, offices and life support equipment. The pumping platform contains four 7,000-hp (5 MW) pumps, power generators, metering and laboratory facilities. Crude oil is only handled on the pumping platform where it is measured, sampled, and boosted to shore via a 48-inch (1.2 m) diameter pipeline.

The distance to shore puts LOOP outside U.S. territorial waters, and special agreements in international sea law are made to allow ships from other countries to come under U.S. jurisdiction to visit LOOP.[2]

Onshore

LOOP's onshore facilities, Fourchon Booster Station and Clovelly Dome Storage Terminal, are located just on-shore in Fourchon and 25 miles (40.2 km) inland near Galliano, Louisiana. The Fourchon Booster Station has four 6,000-hp (4.5 MW) pumps which increase the pressure and crude oil flow en route to the Clovelly Dome Storage Terminal.

Storage

The Clovelly Dome Storage Terminal is used to store crude oil in underground salt domes before it is shipped to the various refineries. The terminal consists of eight caverns with a total capacity of 50 million barrels (7,900,000 m3), a pump station with four 6,000-hp pumps, meters to measure the crude oil receipts and deliveries, and a 25-million-barrels (4,000,000 m3) Brine Storage Reservoir. The brine reservoir is supersaturated with salts so as to prevent further degradation of the massive salt dome in which the eight caverns store the crude. This is because the supersaturated brine is much more dense than the crude oil, and as it is pumped into the caverns to push the crude to the surface and into the surface distribution systems. This results in virtually no loss of quality to the crude oil offload.

References
  1. "Port Information". Louisiana Offshore Oil Port Services. Retrieved 26 March 2017. The LOOP Marine Terminal is located in open waters of the Gulf of Mexico approximately 29 kilometers (18 nautical miles) offshore from the State of Louisiana.
  2. Lowe, Vaughan (1997). The United Kingdom and the law of the sea. Martinus Nijhoff. p. 537. ISBN 9041103260.

Further reading
  • Read, William B. Loop: The First and Only Offshore Deepwater Oil Port Built in the United States (AuthorHouse, 2007)
  • Sasser, Charles E., et al. "Environmental management analysis of the Louisiana Offshore Oil Port." Wetlands 2.1 (1982): 249-261.
  • Theriot, Jason. "Building America’s First Offshore Oil Port: LOOP." Journal of American History (2012) 99#1 pp: 187-196.
  • Theriot, Jason P. American Energy, Imperiled Coast: Oil and Gas Development in Louisiana's Wetlands (LSU Press, 2014)
  • Thoms, R. L., and R. M. Gehle. "A brief history of salt cavern use." Proc. 8th World Salt Symposium Elsevier. 2000.

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