Longest word in Turkish
As an agglutinative language, Turkish allows the construction of words by adding many suffixes to a word stem. The longest word in the Turkish language used in a text is "muvaffakiyetsizleştiricileştiriveremeyebileceklerimizdenmişsinizcesine" which has 70 letters. It is derived from the noun "muvaffakiyet" (success) and means As though you are from those whom we may not be able to easily make into a maker of unsuccessful ones. It was used in a contrived story designed to use this word.[1][2]
Not considering suffixes, the longest Turkish dictionary words have 20 letters: These are "kuyruksallayangiller" (the biological genus Motacillidae), "ademimerkeziyetçilik" (decentralization) and "elektroensefalografi" (electroencephalography). In comparison, the word "muvaffakiyet" has 12 letters, so it should be possible to use various other suffixes to make an even longer word from these ones.
There is no principled grammatical reason for not being able to make a Turkish word indefinitely long, as there are suffixes that can act recursively on a word stem. In practice, however, such words would become unintelligible after a few cycles of recursion.
Grammar
Turkish grammar is highly agglutinative, enabling the construction of words by stringing various morphemes. It is theoretically possible for some words to be inflected an infinite number of times, because certain suffixes generate words of the same type as the stem word, such that the new word can be modified again with the same suffix(es). An example for such a recursive pattern is[3]
ev-de-ki-nin-ki-ler-de-ki . . . house-LOC-REL-POS3s-REL-PLU-LOC-REL . . ... the one of the one in the one at the house.
Thus, case and possessive suffixes interspersed with the -ki- suffix can be added indefinitely to a noun, although in practice this would not be observed more than a few times.
The causative morpheme can also be used recursively to generate indefinitely long words that are grammatically valid. This morpheme shows quite some irregularity, taking one of six forms depending on the verb root. Otherwise it alternates between -DIr (D=d or t, I=ı,i,u or ü) and -t depending on the preceding letter.[3]
piş-ir-di-ler = they cooked it piş-ir-t-ti-ler = they caused it to be cooked (they had it cooked) piş-ir-t-tir-di-ler = they caused it to be caused to be cooked (they had someone have it cooked) piş-ir-t-tir-t-ti-ler = they caused it to be caused to be caused to be cooked (they had someone have someone have it cooked) piş-ir-t-tir-t-tir-di-ler = they caused it to be caused to be caused to be caused to be cooked (they had someone have someone have someone have it cooked)
Multiple usage of this suffix is rare, but there is no theoretical reason to put a limit to its use.
History
The tongue twister "Çekoslovakyalılaştıramadıklarımızdan mısınız" is often said to be the longest word in Turkish, despite in written form appearing to be two separate words. This is because the question particle mi is by convention separated from the verb, despite being considered part of it. It means "Are you one of those people whom we could not make to be Czechoslovakian?" A slight modification "Çekoslovakyalılaştıramadıklarımızdanmışsınız" (43 letters) (you are reportedly one of those that we could not make Czechoslovakian) is however even longer and containing no question particle, is written contiguously.
After the dissolution of Czechoslovakia, "Afyonkarahisarlılaştırabildiklerimizdenmişsinizcesine" (53 letters) was often said to be the longest word in Turkish. It means "As if you are one of the people that we made to be originating from Afyonkarahisar". After publication of longer words in popular media, it lost its popularity.
Muvaffakiyetsizleştiricileştiriveremeyebileceklerimizdenmişsinizcesine
The word "Muvaffakiyetsizleştiricileştiriveremeyebileceklerimizdenmişsinizcesine" (70 letters) was proposed by Koksal Karakus as the longest word in Turkish. Its use is illustrated by the following situation:[1][2]
Kötü amaçların güdüldüğü bir öğretmen okulundayız. Yetiştirilen öğretmenlere öğrencileri nasıl muvaffakiyetsizleştirecekleri öğretiliyor. Yani öğretmenler birer muvaffakiyetsizleştirici olarak yetiştiriliyorlar. Fakat öğretmenlerden biri muvaffakiyetsizleştirici olmayı, yani muvaffakiyetsizleştiricileştirilmeyi reddediyor, bu konuda ileri geri konuşuyor. Bütün öğretmenleri kolayca muvaffakiyetsizleştiricileştiriverebileceğini sanan okul müdürü bu duruma sinirleniyor, ve söz konusu öğretmeni makamına çağırıp ona diyor ki: "Muvaffakiyetsizleştiricileştiriveremeyebileceklerimizdenmişsinizcesine laflar ediyormuşsunuz ha?"
We are in a teachers' training school that has evil purposes. The teachers who are being educated in that school are being taught how to make unsuccessful ones from students. So, one by one, teachers are being educated as makers of unsuccessful ones. However, one of those teachers refuses to be maker-of-unsuccessful-ones, in other words, to be made a maker-of-unsuccessful-ones; he talks about and criticizes the school's stand on the issue. The headmaster who thinks every teacher can be made easily/quickly into a maker-of-unsuccessful-ones gets angry. He invites the teacher to his room and says "You are talking as if you were one of those we can not easily/quickly turn into a maker-of-unsuccessful-ones, right?"
Word formation
| Turkish | English |
|---|---|
| Muvaffak | Successful |
| Muvaffakiyet | Success ('successfulness') |
| Muvaffakiyetsiz | Unsuccessful ('without success') |
| Muvaffakiyetsizleş(-mek) | (To) become unsuccessful |
| Muvaffakiyetsizleştir(-mek) | (To) make one unsuccessful |
| Muvaffakiyetsizleştirici | Maker of unsuccessful ones |
| Muvaffakiyetsizleştiricileş(-mek) | (To) become a maker of unsuccessful ones |
| Muvaffakiyetsizleştiricileştir(-mek) | (To) make one a maker of unsuccessful ones |
| Muvaffakiyetsizleştiricileştiriver(-mek) | (To) easily/quickly make one a maker of unsuccessful ones |
| Muvaffakiyetsizleştiricileştiriverebil(-mek) | (To) be able to make one easily/quickly a maker of unsuccessful ones |
| Muvaffakiyetsizleştiricileştiriveremeyebil(-mek) | Not (to) be able to make one easily/quickly a maker of unsuccessful ones |
| Muvaffakiyetsizleştiricileştiriveremeyebilecek | (He/she who) will not be able to make one easily/quickly a maker of unsuccessful ones |
| Muvaffakiyetsizleştiricileştiriveremeyebilecekler | Those who will not be able to make one easily/quickly a maker of unsuccessful ones |
| Muvaffakiyetsizleştiricileştiriveremeyebileceklerimiz | Those who we will not be able to make easily/quickly a maker of unsuccessful ones |
| Muvaffakiyetsizleştiricileştiriveremeyebileceklerimizden | Among/From those whom we will not be able to easily/quickly make a maker of unsuccessful ones |
| Muvaffakiyetsizleştiricileştiriveremeyebileceklerimizdenmiş | (He/she) happens to be have been from among those whom we will not be able to easily/quickly make a maker of unsuccessful ones |
| Muvaffakiyetsizleştiricileştiriveremeyebileceklerimizdenmişsiniz | You happen to have been from among those whom we will not be able to easily/quickly make a maker of unsuccessful ones |
| Muvaffakiyetsizleştiricileştiriveremeyebileceklerimizdenmişsinizcesine | As though you happen to have been from among those whom we will not be able to easily/quickly make a maker of unsuccessful ones |
See also
References
- "Yeni Mesaj, Turkish newspaper". Archived from the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2009-02-28.
- "Papatyam". Archived from the original on 2011-07-27. Retrieved 2009-02-28.
- Çöltekin Ç., A Freely Available Morphological Analyzer for Turkish Archived 2013-08-11 at the Wayback Machine In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC2010), Valletta, Malta, May 2010.