Listeria innocua

Listeria innocua is a species of Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria. It is motile, facultatively anaerobic, and non-spore-forming. It was named innocua (innocuous) because as opposed to pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes, L. innocua was not found to be generally infectious.[1] Another Listeria species, L. seeligeri, was named after one of discoverers of L. innocua.

Listeria innocua
Scientific classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Firmicutes
Class: Bacilli
Order: Bacillales
Family: Listeriaceae
Genus: Listeria
Species:
L. innocua
Binomial name
Listeria innocua
(ex Seeliger and Schoofs 1979) Seeliger 1983

L. innocua is almost always non-hemolytic, but a few strains have been found to be hemolytic.[2][3] Biochemically, L. innocua is very similar to L. monocytogenes. Exceptions for L. innocua include hemolysis (usually negative), arylamidase (positive), and phosphoinositide phospholipase C (negative).[4]

Although it is not generally considered a pathogen in terms of human health, Listeria innocua was identified in 2003 as the cause of a death of a 62-year-old, otherwise healthy, woman.[5]

As with other species in the genus, L. innocua occurs commonly in the environment (such as soil) and in food.[6] Strains of L. innocua have been shown to be able to form biofilms.[7] L. innocua has been tested and used as a laboratory surrogate for pathogenic L. monocytogenes in studies involving thermal, irradiation, and high-pressure processing of food.[8][9][10]

Knowledge of its specific structure has been refined during the 2000s, in particular to establish its distinction from Listeria monocytogenes.[11] L. innocua may inhibit detection of L. monocytogenes if both species are present.[12] One study found that L. monocytogenes was detected in 5.4% of inoculated beef broth samples when L. innocua was also present.[13]

References
  1. Seeliger; Schoofs (July 1981). "Nonpathogenic Listeriae: L. innocua sp.n.". Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie und Hygiene. 1. Abt. Originale. A, Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Infektionskrankheiten und Parasitologie. 249 (4): 487–493. doi:10.1016/S0174-3031(81)80108-4.
  2. Orsi, Renato H.; Wiedmann, Martin (29 April 2016). "Characteristics and distribution of Listeria spp., including Listeria species newly described since 2009". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 100 (12): 5273–5287. doi:10.1007/s00253-016-7552-2. PMC 4875933. PMID 27129530.
  3. Johnson, J.; Jinneman, K.; Stelma, G.; Smith, B. G.; Lye, D.; Messer, J.; Ulaszek, J.; Evsen, L.; Gendel, S.; Bennett, R. W.; Swaminathan, B.; Pruckler, J.; Steigerwalt, A.; Kathariou, S.; Yildirim, S.; Volokhov, D.; Rasooly, A.; Chizhikov, V.; Wiedmann, M.; Fortes, E.; Duvall, R. E.; Hitchins, A. D. (7 July 2004). "Natural Atypical Listeria innocua Strains with Listeria monocytogenes Pathogenicity Island 1 Genes". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 70 (7): 4256–4266. doi:10.1128/AEM.70.7.4256-4266.2004. PMC 444784. PMID 15240309.
  4. Weller, D.; Andrus, A.; Wiedmann, M.; den Bakker, H. C. (23 October 2014). "Listeria booriae sp. nov. and Listeria newyorkensis sp. nov., from food processing environments in the USA". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 65 (Pt 1): 286–292. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.070839-0. PMID 25342111.
  5. Perrin, Monique; Bemer, Michel; Delamare, Catherine (20 August 2003). "Fatal Case of Listeria innocua Bacteremia]". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 41 (11): 5308–5309. doi:10.1128/JCM.41.11.5308-5309.2003. PMC 262531. PMID 14605191.
  6. "A Microbial Biorealm page on the genus Listeria innocua". microbewiki.kenyon.edu. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  7. Perni, Stefano; Jordan, Suzanne J.; Andrew, Peter W.; Shama, Gilbert (November 2006). "Biofilm development by Listeria innocua in turbulent flow regimes". Food Control. 17 (11): 875–883. doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2005.06.002.
  8. Char, Cielo D.; Guerrero, Sandra N.; Alzamora, Stella M. (5 November 2008). "Mild Thermal Process Combined with Vanillin Plus Citral to Help Shorten the Inactivation Time for Listeria innocua in Orange Juice". Food and Bioprocess Technology. 3 (5): 752–761. doi:10.1007/s11947-008-0155-x.
  9. RODRIGUEZ, O; CASTELLPEREZ, M; EKPANYASKUN, N; MOREIRA, R; CASTILLO, A (15 July 2006). "Surrogates for validation of electron beam irradiation of foods". International Journal of Food Microbiology. 110 (2): 117–122. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.01.041. PMID 16690150.
  10. Pathanibul, Panchalee; Taylor, T. Matthew; Davidson, P. Michael; Harte, Federico (February 2009). "Inactivation of Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua in apple and carrot juices using high pressure homogenization and nisin". International Journal of Food Microbiology. 129 (3): 316–320. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.12.020. PMID 19167772.
  11. Johnson, J.; Jinneman, K.; Stelma, G.; Smith, B. G.; Lye, D.; Messer, J.; Ulaszek, J.; Evsen, L.; Gendel, S.; Bennett, R. W.; Swaminathan, B.; Pruckler, J.; Steigerwalt, A.; Kathariou, S.; Yildirim, S.; Volokhov, D.; Rasooly, A.; Chizhikov, V.; Wiedmann, M.; Fortes, E.; Duvall, R. E.; Hitchins, A. D. (7 July 2004). "Natural Atypical Listeria innocua Strains with Listeria monocytogenes Pathogenicity Island 1 Genes". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 70 (7): 4256–4266. doi:10.1128/AEM.70.7.4256-4266.2004. PMC 444784. PMID 15240309.
  12. PETRAN, RUTH L.; SWANSON, KATHERINE M. J. (July 1993). "Simultaneous Growth of Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria innocua". Journal of Food Protection. 56 (7): 616–618. doi:10.4315/0362-028X-56.7.616. PMID 31113037.
  13. CURIALE, MICHAEL S.; LEWUS, CATHERINE (December 1994). "Detection of Listeria monocytogenes in Samples Containing Listeria innocua". Journal of Food Protection. 57 (12): 1048–1051. doi:10.4315/0362-028X-57.12.1048. PMID 31121641.
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