List of zamindari estates in Madras Presidency

Zamindaris were established in the Madras Presidency by the government of the British East India Company starting from 1799 onwards. These settlements were established in order to delineate authority to landlords and thereby relieve the ryot from the control of middlemen who often exploited them. Often, these zamindars were Indian Native princes who lost their sovereignty due to British expansion. The zamindari settlement was based on a similar settlement established in Bengal. The Zamindari settlement of Madras was largely unsuccessful and was wrapped up in 1852. However, a few Zamindaris remained till India's independence in 1947.

Land proprietorship in Madras Presidency

The colonial Madras Presidency comprised an area of 148,796 square miles (385,380 km2), of which 141,705 square miles (367,010 km2) were under direct British rule, while the rest was distributed amongst the princely states. In the areas administered by the British, three systems of land proprietorship existed: zamindaris, inams and ryotwaris.

In 1911, zamindari estates covered 26 million acres (110,000 km2) and occupied over one-fourth of the total area of the presidency.[1] In 1945-46, there were 20,945,456 acres (84,763.25 km2) of Zamindari estates which yielded a revenue of 97,83,167 Rupees and 58,904,798 acres (238,379.26 km2) of ryotwari lands which yielded a revenue of Rs. 7,26,65,330.[2]

Zamindaris from 1799 to 1852

The zamindari system was introduced in the Madras Presidency in 1799 in the aftermath of the defeat of the Polygars in the Polygar Wars.

Zamindaris in 1877-1920

In 1877, C. D.Maclean made a survey of the existing zamindaris under the jurisdiction of Madras Presidency. As per this survey, a few of these zamindaris were larger than some of the smaller princely states in the Presidency. The largest of these were Vizianagaram, Ramnad, Ganapur and Sivaganga, Ramnad and Sivaganga being demoted princely states, were larger in size than the princely states of Cochin or Pudukkottai. Ramnad, the larger of the two, covered an area of 2,351 square miles (6,090 km2), and was second only to Travancore amongst princely states in Madras Presidency. Karvatinuggur, Kalahasti, Nuzvid, Poonganur, Paralekhemidi and Podile and Darsi divisions of Venkatagiri were larger in size than the princely state of Banganapalle while Virasanapettah, Arni estate and Kanguni were larger than Sandur.

colspan="4"|Source:MaClean, C. D. (1877). Standing Information regarding the Official Administration of Madras Presidency. Government of Madras. pp. 419–434.

List of zamindaris in Madras Presidency in the year 1877
Zamindari Area
(in square miles) 		Population in 1877 Revenue paid to the Madras government in 1877
(in rupees)
Chengalpattu district
Kayapakkam 2 670
Ellimbedu 1,066
Nemmili 848
Karamthangal 148
Bunanthangal 152
Keevaloor 530
Belayanoor 159
Palanallore 455
Thathanur 118
Bhimapuram 102
Vayaloor 1,085
Periveli 458
Magayur 1,752
Isoor 658
Irumbedu 239
Amayampattu 28
Vichoor 123
Vilangansor 132
Perla Velikadu 146
Vettur 320
Saravabakam 225
Othevilakam 235
Karimbakam 210
Vembanur 321
Panayur 244
Vilangadu 297
Puthukuppam 46
Keelakandai 177
Sinna Velikadu 193
Venmalagram 102
Sirulakatoor 44
Pondur 3,693
Torayur 147
Sirumayllor 446
Andarkuppam 363
Chithur 165
Thundan Vellery 117
Mambakam 205
Kalputtu 121
Agarum 565
Coimbatore district
Oothocooly 4,393
Samattur and Kottampatty 1683, 1860, 4200
Avalappampatty 2804
Poravipolliem 1436
Negamam 2480
Metrathy 1966
Thoongary 848
Myvady 561
Jothampatty 146
Vedapatty 146
Andipatty 5,166
Mooloor and Okinium 2,236
Sattiagalam ....
Ganjam district
Akkayavalasa 1 788 278
Asika 3.56 7,712 4,857
Athgarh 149.37 77,228 60,000
Baruva 10.25 8,454 7,800
Beddam 1.75 217 89
Belamarapalavalasa 2.33 855
Beridi 14.75 10,960 4,500
Budharsinghi 4.25 3,244 500
Chackipalli 0.75 1,018 869
Chikiti 64.5 40,789 34,000
Chinnakemidi (Sana Khemundi) 55.31 29,849 20,000
Chinnatangam 7.43 395 424
Chittivalasa 1 5,698 2,074
Danta 4.06 3,220 3,309
Dharakot (Dharakote) 50.25 31,262 25,000
Davabhumi 4 3,539 5,188
Gopalpur 1,171 5,165 3,699
Jalantar 25.5 18,450 7,000
Jarada 9 5,813 1,002
Jarangi 2.75 2,336 1,002
Jonnupada 0.31 138 93
Khallikot 84 42,589 19,000
Karakavalasa 9.06 7,795 4,048
Konsalacuttur 0.33 574 393
Kurla 3.75 5,457 5,455
Lusaram 0.75 320 332
Malgam 1.56 916 572
Mandasa 35.75 34,508 14,000
Mungatavalasa 5.75 3,695 4,048
Palur 16.31 4,173 553
Paralekhemedi 451.5 252,391 82,139
Peddakemidi (Bada Khemundi) 78.43 40,810 23,500
Peddatangam 0.31 564 424
Rajapur 0.18 266 76
Santalaksimipur 7.06 485 1,192
Seddibeharakuttur 0.25 109 103
Seerghar (Sheragada) 20.75 9,595 5,500
Srikurmana
(part of Vizianagaram) 		17.75 16,927 Included in Vizianagaram
Surda 46 15,324 4,000
Surangi 14.75 12,919 3,500
Talasamudram 1.37 923 2,383
Takkali Estates 61.56 58,054 49,088
Tallavalasa 0.37 387 424
Tarla 28.75 24,639 4,000
Tarlepatta 0.75 388 256
Tilaru 15.75 6,180 3,654
Towdam 2.5 1,030 686
Urlam 14.5 11,061 13,582
Yellamanchilli 1 643 654
Godavary district
Pittapore 188 79,606 3,41,627[3]
Polavaram 292 58,274[4] 43,210[5]
Kolanka 14350
Tuni 376 50,201 26429
Dommeru 240 35,001
Annavarapu Peta 3895
Kapileswara Puram 8765
Undrajavaram 630
Kotipally Peskash in the Vizianagaram Zamindari
Uppada and Aminbada 673
Nidadavolu and Barhajhally 1,19,346
Ambarapet 16,097
Vegayammapeta 8362
Tangellmudi 5143
Bhimolu 3031
Anumullanka 611
Singanagudem 46
Vilasa 1440
Janupalle 218
Jalimudi 277
Telikicherla 962
Gundepalli 962
Panangipalli 737
Sirasavilli Savaram 300
Bantumilli 200
Mukkamala 107
Jaggampet 33,072
Dontamuru 3248
Rayavaram 1998
Viravaram 26876
Palivela 19,240
Kirlampudi 23,382
Gopalapuram 18,540
Elamanchili 8,823
Chinchinada 1647
China Mamidipalli 255
Neredumilli 445
Vardhanani 532
Dhumantigudem 142
Gollaprolu 11,567
Kesanakuru 11,574
Vasantavada 7,349
Narayanapuram 2,948
Malakacherla 1,495
Daddipudi 378
Gutala 6,749
Mungondapalem 545
Chidipi 1,671
Peddeham 2,628
Tirugudumetta 1,856
Injeram 3,217
Pattesam 2,282
Prakkilanka 1,822
Vangalapudi 3,817
Viravillipalem 3,534
Nadavapalli 3,129
Tyajampudi 2,791
Kurukuru 1,482
Billumilli 1,619
Lakkavaram 2,643
Jangareddigudem 499
Dharmavaram 2402
Krapa 2,385
Malakapalli 2,282
Katavaram 2,135
Yadavolu 2,161
Konitivada 2,004
Borrampalem 1,038
Vegavaram 787
Gavuripatnam 1,853
Murumanda 1,850
Anatavaram 1,763
Magam 1,746
Yernagudem 1,725
Vunkaramilli alias Ravimetta 1,630
Kalavalapalli 1346
Pativala Gurajanapalli 1,296
Mallavaram 947
Johurullabada alias Hukumpeta 1,401
Buchampeta 738
Gangolu 1,264
Vella 1,240
Bayyanagudem 1,006
Potukurru 210
Bommuru 853
Guttinadeevi 776
Kondagudem 753
Petta 583
Viravaram 554
Dandangi 551
Surasaniyanam 529
Nilapalli 479
Nandigudem 390
Nallamillipadu 203
Gavaravaram 145
jagannadhapuram 117
Pydimetta 110
Vadlapattanam 86
Tirumanagudem 64
Mansubdari of Godavari district
Thotapalle Estate 6,310
Bhadrachalam and Rakapalli 505 27,695 21,090
Rampah .....
Kistna district
Nuzvid Estate 561 107,465 1,08,221
Virsanapettah 257 55,662 20,829
Challapalli
Chintalapati Vantu 17,500
Chevendra 4,776
Chanubanda 1.357
Mylavaram Muttah 1.25 vantu 4,858
Mylavaram Muttah 1 vantu 3,887
Vutukur Muttah 2,156
Half of Tiruvur Muttah 2,117
Yenagadapa Muttah 1,236
Half og Gumpalagudem Muttah 1,295
Western part of Gumpalagudem muttah 1,291
Munagala Paragana 4,572
Vallur South 20,493
Gudur Paragana 35,988
Pinagudur Lanka 319
Kruttiventi South 2,910
Balliparru 459
Kuchipudy 229
Narayanagudem 138
Other Half of Tiruur muttah 2219
Kalagara 812
Putrela 510
Kondur and Kmbhampad 507
Kokilampad 75
Pengollu 1,262
Munukulla 71
Komera Muttah 703
Lingagiri Pragana 486
Devarapally 451
Rayavaram 908
China Gollapalem 238
Chitti Gudur 524
Madura district
Ammayanayakkanur 100 11,606
Ramnad 2,351 504,131 3,38,686
Sivaganga 1,557 434,253 2,88,317
Paliembatti 13,544
Pandalgudi 11,136
Rettiembadi 11,978
Velur 10,563
Velliagundam Taluk 2,183
Sirupaly 903
Puliengolum 1,931
Jotilanaikanoor 1,070
Woodapanaiknoor 2,583
Thoddappanaiknoor 2,179
Keelacottai 480
Nadukottai 773
Melaycottai 910
Perayoor 11,857
Sappattor 8,813
Santhayoor 3,697
Yeloomalai 3,612
Bodinaiknoor 15,347
Gantamanaiknoor 13,414
Tevaram 1,100
Yerasackanaiknoor 2,061
Kannivady 38,120
Ayagudy 16,785
Yedayacottai 7,000
Mambaray 1,500
Nellore district
Venkatagiri 3,77,085
Darsi division 488 73,139 Revenue included under Venkatagiri
Podile division 405 62,934 Revenue included under Venkatagiri
Chundi 21,219
Mutyalpad 2,000
North Arcot district
Arni Jagir(e) 170 77,679 5,933
Kalahasti 602 135,104 1,76,816
Kangundi 179 52,047 22,959
Karvetinagar 634 289,894 1,80,495
Poonganur 524 109,282 66,859
Pulicherla Polliem 5,580
Bungari Polliem 11,643
Gudipati 2,849
Thummba Polliem 1,783
Kallur Polliem 4,097
Naraganti Polliem 6,553
Karakambodi Polliem .....
Krishnapuram Polliem ...
Tanjore district
Kabisthalam
Kunniyur > 24
Poondi > 24
Ukkadai > 24
Vadapadimangalam > 24
Gandrakotah 6,577
Sillathur 2,165
Palayavanam 3,767
Singavanam 3,261
Mudukkur 2,461
Nedvasal 2,067
Sandangudi 2,046
Kallakottai 1,701
Padaramkottai 1,309
Attivette 913
Konur 433
Punavasal 350
Tirunelveli district
Alagapuri 5.2 2,452
Avudyapuram 13.36 6,960
Ettaiyapuram 527.47 140,108
Kollapatti 20.4 7,530
Jennalkudi 11.34 3,532
Kadambur 25.8 7,590
Kollakondan 1.35 9,021
Kulattur 15.27 4,903
Mannarkottai 21.16 13,900
Maniachi 15 3,190
Melmandai 34.1 4,460
pithapuram 101.48 14,034 56789
Setthur 91.44 11,916
Singampatti 110.38 16,295
Sivagiri 122.38 49,531
Surandei 1.34 2,580
Talavankottai 6.14 3,117
Uurkad 3.32 3,903
Uuttumalai 124.49 31,541
Trichinopolly district
Wodiarpolliem 642
Thoriyur 700
Marungapuri 20,586
Kadavur 13,410
Kattuputtoor 15,901
Aryalur 700
Vizagapatam district
Anakapalli 597 143,549 -
Bimlipatam 243 113,079 -
Bobbili Estate 333 140,739 -
Chepudipalli 615 162,827 -
Gajapatinagarum 276 121,758 -
Gunupur 2,000 63,127 -
Golaconda 874 26,720 1,02,374
Hill tracts of Golconda and Viravalli 500 15,880 -
Kotpad N. A. 132,655 N. A.
Kurupam 800 80,034 2,50,000
Malkangiri N. A. 12,801 N. A.
Nowrangpur N. A. 87,363 N. A.
Parvatipur 402 123,830 -
Rayagada 1,000 59,780 -
Salur 222 77,006 -
Vavilavalasa and Siripuram 440.30 33,006 -
Sarvasiddi 960 129,185 1,90,595
Serungavarapukota 318 130,362 -
Viravalli 688 166,184 -
Vizagapatam 216 90,467 -
Vizianagaram 2,970 149,920 -

Other zamindaris

This is a list of other zamindaris which were either not included in MaClean's list or were non-existent at the time of the enumeration.

Zamindari District
Ammayanayakannur[6]
Anegundi Raj[7]
Bodinaickanur[8]
Chinna Merangi[9]
Panyam estate[10]
Gannavaram East Godavari
Dharmavaram Estate[11] West Godavari
Ramakrishnarajuvari Peta
Thotapalle Mansabdari[12] East Godavari
Rekapalle Estate East Godavari
Kalavalapalli[13] West Godavari
Nandigama, Jaggampeta,Part thereof Annadevarapeta[14]

See also

References
  1. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Madras (presidency)" . Encyclopædia Britannica. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 290.
  2. Statesman, Pg 154
  3. The rent for Pittapoor also included the rent for Cocanada and Coringa
  4. Imperial Gazetteer of India, James Sutherland Cotton, Sir Richard Burn, Sir William Stevenson Meyer Clarendon Press, 1908 - Great Britain
  5. A Century of Politics in Andhra Pradesh: Ethnicity & Regionalism in Indian State. Rationalist Voice Publications. 2002.
  6. "Indian princely states starting with A". Indian princely states website. Retrieved 27 December 2008.
  7. "Anegundi Zamindari". Indian princely states website. Retrieved 27 December 2008.
  8. "Indian princely states starting with B". Indian princely states website. Retrieved 27 December 2008.
  9. "Indian princely states starting with C". Indian princely states website. Retrieved 27 December 2008.
  10. "Indian princely states starting with P". Indian princely states website. Retrieved 27 December 2008.
  11. MacLean, Charles Donald (1879). "Zamindar of Dharmavaram".
  12. MacLean, Charles Donald (1879). "Zamindar of Totapalli".
  13. MacLean, Charles Donald (1879). "Zamindar of Kavalapalli".
  14. "Zamindar of Nandigama".

Further reading
  • Steinberg, S. H. (1950). The Statesman's Yearbook 1950. London: Macmillan and Co.
  • B. Dirks, Nicholas (1993). The Hollow Crown: Ethnohistory of an Indian Kingdom. University of Michigan. pp. 19–28. ISBN 978-0-472-08187-5.
  • Dr. R.C. Misro & S.K.Dash. "SOME ASPECTS OF CULTURAL LIFE IN PARALAKHEMUNDI ZAMINDARI : A STUDY" (PDF). Orissa Human Resources Journal. XLVII (3).
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