List of volcanic eruptions in the 21st century

This is a list of volcanic eruptions of the 21st century measuring a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of at least 4, as well as notable smaller eruptions. Note that the size of eruptions can be subject to considerable uncertainty.

VEI Volcano (eruption) Country Year Casualties Notes
4 Shiveluch[1]Russia2001
1 Mount Nyiragongo[2]Democratic Republic of the Congo2002245At least 15% of Goma comprising 4,500 buildings was destroyed, leaving about 120,000 people homeless.
4 Ruang[3]Indonesia2002
4 Reventador[4]Ecuador2002
4 Manam[5]Papua New Guinea2004
3 Augustine Volcano United States 2006
4 Rabaul[6]Papua New Guinea2006
4 Mount Okmok[7]United States2008
4 Chaiten[8]Chile20081[9]
4 Kasatochi[10]United States2008
4 Sarychev Peak[11]Russia2009
4 Eyjafjallajökull[12]Iceland2010Caused the worst flight disruption over Europe since the Second World War.
4 Mount Merapi[13]Indonesia2010353[14]Over 350,000 people were evacuated from the affected area. Ash plumes caused major disruption to aviation across Java.
4 GrímsvötnIceland2011
5 Puyehue-Cordón Caulle[15]Chile2011Major flight disruptions across the southern hemisphere, including South America, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. Ejecting 0.7 cu km, this event was the biggest volcanic eruption of the 21st century to date.
4 NabroEritrea201131
3 Etna[16]Italy2013-An eruption on 16 March 2017 injured 10 people, including a BBC News television crew, after magma exploded upon contact with snow.[17][18]
4 Mount SinabungIndonesia201415Mount Sinabung's eruptions caused many pyroclastic flows, one resulting in the loss of 15 lives.
4 KeludIndonesia20142[19]
3 Mount OntakeJapan201463A phreatic eruption and pyroclastic flow occurred without warning, killing 63 people. Deadliest eruption in Japan since 1902, first volcano-related deaths in Japan since 1991.
4 CalbucoChile2015First eruption at Calbuco since 1972. At least 4,000 people evacuated. No casualties reported.[20]
2 Mount SinabungIndonesia20167Mount Sinabung continued to erupt, with 7 fatalities over two different occasions[21]
3 Volcán de FuegoGuatemala2018190[22]At least 190 people were killed and 256 were missing after the volcano's most powerful eruption since 1974. Ash forced the closure of La Aurora International Airport in the capital Guatemala City.[23][24]
3 Anak Krakatoa Indonesia 2018 426 A major eruption triggered a tsunami that killed at least 420 people and injured 14,000 others.[25][26] As a result of the landslide, the height of the volcano was reduced from 338 meters to 110 meters.[27] This event caused the deadliest volcanic eruption of the 21st century to date.
4 Mount Sinabung Indonesia 2019
2 Stromboli Italy 2019 1 A hiker was killed and several others were injured after the volcano's strongest eruption since 2002. The Italian Navy was deployed and evacuated dozens of the island's residents.[28]
4 Raikoke Russia 2019 First eruption since 1924. At approximately 4 am, 22 June 2019 it erupted, with a plume of ash and gas reaching between 13,000 m (43,000 ft) and 17,000 m (56,000 ft), passing the tropopause and allowing stratospheric injection of ash and sulfur dioxide.[29]
4 Ulawun Papua New Guinea 2019 On 26 June 2019 Ulawun erupted, sending an ash plume to at least 19,000 m (63,000 ft).[30] Other large eruptions occurred on 2 August, also sending ash to 19,000 m (63,000 ft).[31]
2 Whakaari / White Island New Zealand 2019 22 On 9 December, 2019, a phreatic eruption launched rock and ash into the air, killing 22 of the 47 people on the island, including two who are missing and declared dead. A further twenty-five people suffered injuries, including severe burns.
4 Shiveluch Russia 2019 The Shiveluch volcano had four large eruptions, with one reaching 23,000 feet (7,000 meters) and another 35,000 feet (10,700 meters).
4 Taal Philippines 2020 39 A phreatic eruption from the main crater spewed ashes to Calabarzon, Metro Manila, Central Luzon and Pangasinan. 39 people were killed.[32]

See also

References
  1. "Sheveluch". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. 8 May 2017. Retrieved 14 June 2017.
  2. "Nyiragongo". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. 8 May 2017. Retrieved 14 June 2017.
  3. "Ruang". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. 7 August 2017. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
  4. "Reventador". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. 7 August 2017. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
  5. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 21 December 2011. Retrieved 4 October 2011.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 16 October 2012. Retrieved 27 October 2011.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  7. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 21 October 2012. Retrieved 4 October 2011.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  8. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 27 October 2011. Retrieved 4 October 2011.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  9. "One dead as Chilean volcano spews ash for third day". Uk.reuters.com. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
  10. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 17 October 2012. Retrieved 4 October 2011.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  11. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 24 June 2010. Retrieved 30 May 2011.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  12. Archived 22 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  13. Archived 22 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  14. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 4 December 2010. Retrieved 12 June 2010.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  15. "Global Volcanism Program - Puyehue-Cordon Caulle". Volcano.si.edu. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
  16. "Etna". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. 3 September 2013. Retrieved 12 December 2017.
  17. Balmer, Crispian (16 March 2017). "Volcanic explosion on Mount Etna injures 10 people". Reuters. Retrieved 16 March 2017.
  18. "Mount Etna: BBC crew caught up in volcano blast". BBC News. 16 March 2017. Retrieved 16 March 2017.
  19. "Mass evacuation in Indonesia as Java volcano erupts". BBC News. 14 February 2014. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
  20. Pyle, David. "Volcán Calbuco: what do we know so far?". Blogs.egu.eu. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
  21. "Global Volcanism Program - Sinabung". Volcano.si.edu. Retrieved 27 September 2017.
  22. "Thousands evacuated as Guatemala's Fuego volcano erupts". Reuters. 19 November 2018. Retrieved 22 November 2018.
  23. Perez, Sonia. "Death toll rises to 25 in Guatemala volcano eruption". Stuff. Retrieved 4 June 2018.
  24. "Guatemala's Fuego volcano erupts killing 25 and injuring hundreds". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 June 2018.
  25. "Number of injured in Indonesia tsunami surges to over 14,000". The Star Online. Asean Plus. Retrieved 31 December 2018.
  26. "Krakatau volcano news & eruption updates:". www.volcanodiscovery.com. Retrieved 24 December 2018.
  27. "Krakatoa volcano (Sunda Strait, Indonesia): first estimates on the effect of the tsunami-triggering landslide". www.volcanodiscovery.com. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
  28. "Stromboli: One dead as volcano erupts on Italian island". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 4 July 2019.
  29. "Raikoke Erupts". www.earthobservatory.nasa.gov. 24 June 2019. Retrieved 27 July 2019.
  30. "Ulawun volcano (New Britain, Papua New Guinea) activity update: Major subplinian eruption- ash to at least 19km (63,000ft)". www.volcanodiscovery.com. Retrieved 3 August 2019.
  31. "Ulawun volcano (New Britain, Papua New Guinea) activity update: Another large eruption to 19km (63,000ft)". www.volcanodiscovery.com. Retrieved 3 August 2019.
  32. Recuenco, Aaron (2 February 2020). "39 deaths recorded during Taal Volcano's eruption". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
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