List of state leaders in 1685
Africa
- Kingdom of Bamum – Koutou, Sultan of Bamum (1672–1757)
- Kingdom of Dahomey
- Houegbadja (1645–1685)
- Akaba (1685–1708)
- Ethiopian Empire –
- Iyasu I, Emperor (1682–1706)
- Yeshaq Iyasu, Pretender (1685)
- Wolof Empire – Bakar Penda (1670–1711)
Asia
- Ayutthaya Kingdom (Siam) – Narai (1656–1688)
- China (Qing dynasty) - Kangxi Emperor (1662–1722)
- Garhwal Kingdom – Fateh Shah (1684–1716)
- Empire of Japan –
- Monarch – Reigen (1663–1687)
- Tokugawa shogunate – Tokugawa Tsunayoshi (1680–1709)
- Ryukyu Kingdom – Shō Tei (1669–1709)
- Kahlur – Bhim Chand, Raja of Kahlur
- Joseon (Korea) – Sukjong (1674–1720)
- Lan Xang - Sourigna Vongsa (1637-1694)
- Mughal Empire – Aurangzeb
- Kingdom of Mysore – Chikka Devaraja (1673–1704)
- Sintang – Sri Paduka Sultan Muhammad Shams ud-din Sa'id ul-Khairiwaddien Sultan Nata, Sultan of Sintang (1672–1738)
- Sirmoor State – Mat Prakash, Raja of Sirmoor (1684–1704)
Europe
- Kingdom of Denmark–Norway – Christian V (1670–1699)
- Kingdom of England
- Charles II (1660–1685) - also King of Scotland
- James II, King of England (1685–1689)
- Kingdom of France – Louis XIV (1643–1715)
- Holy Roman Empire – Leopold I (1658–1705)
- Electors
- Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
- Sultan - Mehmed IV, the Hunter, Ottoman Sultan (1648–1687)
- Grand Vizier - Kara İbrahim Pasha (1683–1685)
- Grand Vizier - Sarı Süleyman Pasha (1685–1687)
- Sultan - Mehmed IV, the Hunter, Ottoman Sultan (1648–1687)
- Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth – Jan III Sobieski, King of Poland (1674–1696)
- Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves – Peter II (1683–1706)
- Tsardom of Russia – Peter I and Ivan V (1682–1696)
- Duchy of Savoy – Victor Amadeus II (1675–1730)
- Kingdom of Scotland
- Charles II (1660–1685) - also King of England
- James VII (1685–1689)
- Kingdom of Spain – Charles II (1665–1700)
- Grand Duchy of Tuscany – Cosimo III de' Medici (1670–1723)
- United Provinces
- Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581–1795)
- Stadtholder - Prince William III of Orange, Stadtholder of Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht and Zeeland (1672–1702)
- Holland – Grand Pensionary Gaspar Fagel of Holland (1672–1688)
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