List of state leaders in 1656

This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 1656.

Africa

Kingdom of Bamum – Ngouloure (1629–1672)
Kingdom of Dahomey – Houegbadja (1645–1685)
Ethiopian Empire – Fasilides (1632–1667)

Asia

Ayutthaya Kingdom (Siam) –
1. Prasat Thong (1629–1656)
2. Chai (1656)
3. Si Suthammaracha (1656)
4. Narai (1656–1688)
China
- Qing dynasty – Shunzhi Emperor (1644–1661)
- Southern Ming – Prince of Gui, Emperor of Southern Ming (1646–1662)
Kingdom of Coorg - Muddu Raja I (1633-1687)
Empire of Japan –
- Monarch – Go-Sai (1655–1663)
- Tokugawa shogunate – Tokugawa Ietsuna (1651–1680)
- Daimyos
  - Hirosaki Domain - Tsugaru Nobumasa (1656–1710)
- Ryukyu Kingdom – Shō Shitsu (1648–1668)
Joseon (Korea) – Hyojong (1649–1659)
Mughal Empire – Shah Jahan (1627–1658)

Europe

Kingdom of Denmark–Norway – Frederick III (1648–1670)
Commonwealth of England – Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of England (1653–1658)
Kingdom of France – Louis XIV (1643–1715)
Holy Roman Empire – Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (1637–1657)
- Electorate of Bavaria – Ferdinand Maria (1651–1679)
- Brandenburg-Prussia – Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg (1640–1688)
- Republic of Genoa –
  1. Alessandro Spinola, Doge of Genoa (1654–1656)
  2. Giulio Sauli, Doge of Genoa (1656–1658)
- Prince-Archbishopric of Magdeburg – Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels, Lutheran Administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric of Magdeburg (1638–1680)
- Bishopric of Olomouc – Archduke Leopold William of Austria, Catholic Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Olomouc (1637–1662)
- Prince-Bishopric of Passau – Archduke Leopold William of Austria, Catholic Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Passau (1625–1662)
- Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg – Archduke Leopold William of Austria, Catholic Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg (1626–1662)
- Prince-Bishopric of Wrocław – Archduke Leopold William of Austria, Catholic Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Wrocław (1656–1662)
- Electorate of Saxony –
  1. John George I (1611–1656)
  2. John George II (1656–1680)
Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
- Sultan- Mehmed IV, the Hunter, Ottoman Sultan (1648–1687)
- Grand Vizier - Köprülü Mehmed Pasha (1565–1561)
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth – Jan II Kazimierz Vasa (1648–1668)
Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves –
- Monarch –
1. John IV (1640–1656)
2. Afonso VI (1656–1683)
- Regent – Luisa de Guzmán (1656–1662)
Tsardom of Russia – Alexis I (1645–1676)
Duchy of Savoy – Charles Emmanuel II (1638–1675)
Kingdom of Spain – Philip IV (1621–1665)
Kingdom of Sweden – Charles X Gustav (1654–1660)
Grand Duchy of Tuscany – Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1621–1670)
United Provinces
- Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581–1795)
- Grand Pensionary of Holland - Johan de Witt (1653–1672)
Republic of Venice –
1. Bertuccio Valier, Doge of Venice (1656–1658)
2. Giovanni Pesaro, Doge of Venice (1658–1659)

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