List of royal saints and martyrs
This list of royal saints and martyrs enumerates Christian monarchs, other royalty, and nobility who have been beatified or canonized, or who are otherwise venerated as or conventionally given the appellation of "saint" or "martyr". Their names are in English and, where known, in their own language. When the status of a nominee is dubious the whole entry is italicized.
Monarchs
This section enumerates Christian sovereigns, as opposed to mere consorts, who are enumerated in "Other royalty and nobility" below.
Saints
- Abgarus of Edessa, King of Osroene[1] (Orthodox)
- Aethelberht of Kent (Catholic, Orthodox)
- Aethelberht II of East Anglia (Catholic, Orthodox)
- Alexander Nevsky[2] (Orthodox)
- Alfred the Great of Wessex, died 26 October 899 (Anglican)
- Amadeus IX, Duke of Savoy (Catholic)
- Andrey Bogolyubsky, first Grand Prince of Vladimir (Orthodox)
- Archil of Kakheti, martyr[3] (Orthodox)
- Ashot I of Iberia, martyr (Orthodox)
- Boris I of Bulgaria[4] (Orthodox)
- Canute IV of Denmark, in Danish "Knud 4. den Hellige"[5] (Catholic)
- Charles I of England, martyr, died 30 January 1649 (Anglican)
- Charles I, Count of Flanders, known as "Saint Charles the Good", in French "Charles le Bon", in Dutch "Karel de Goede" (Catholic)
- Constantin Brancoveanu, King of Wallachia,[6] martyr, (Orthodox)
- Constantine, King of Dumnonia, martyr[7] (there is confusion regarding his identity)
- Constantine I, Roman Emperor, died 337, known as "Constantine the Great" and "Constantine, Equal-to-the-Apostles" ("Κωνσταντίνος Α' Ἰσαπόστολος") (Roman Catholic,[8] Lutheran, and Orthodox)
- Constantine IV, Roman Emperor, died 685, known as "Constantine the New"[9][10] (Orthodox)
- Constantine XI, Roman Emperor, died 1453, known as "Constantine XI Palaiologos", "The Marble Emperor", "The Last Roman Emperor"; not officially recognized by either the Byzantine Catholic or Orthodox churches, he is popularly regarded in both as the national patron saint, i. e., "Ethnomartyr" ("Ἐθνομάρτυρας"), meaning "national martyr" (unofficial)
- Cormac mac Cuilennáin, King of Munster (Catholic, Orthodox)
- Dagobert II, martyr, Merovingian king of Austrasia, son of Sigebert III (Catholic)
- David I of Scotland, son of Margaret of Scotland (see under "Other royalty and nobility" below), in Gaelic "Naomh Daibhidh" (Catholic)
- David IV of Georgia, known as "David the Builder" (Orthodox)
- David of Trebizond[11] (Orthodox)
- Demetre I of Georgia (Orthodox)
- Demetre II of Georgia, martyr, known as "Demetre the Self-Sacrificer" (Orthodox)
- Dragutin Nemanjic, King of Serbia (Orthodox)
- Eberhard, Duke of Friuli, son-in-law of Frankish emperor Louis the Pious and ancestor of all contemporary royals (Catholic)
- Edmund the Martyr, King of East Anglia (Catholic, Orthodox)
- Edward the Confessor, King of England (Catholic, Orthodox)
- Edward the Martyr, King of England (Catholic, Orthodox)
- Edwin of Northumbria (Catholic, Orthodox)
- Elesbaan of Ethiopia, King of Axum (Orthodox)
- Eric IX of Sweden, martyr, died 18 May 1161, Pope Alexander III forbid his cultus in 1172, and he was never canonized, but he is revered as a patron saint of Sweden,[12][13] in Swedish "Erik den helige" and "Saint Erik" (Catholic)
- Fedelmid mac Crimthainn, King of Munster (Catholic, Orthodox)
- Ferdinand III of Castile, known as "Ferdinand III the Saint", in Spanish "San Fernando" and "Fernando III el Santo" (Catholic)
- Guntram, Merovingian king of Burgundy (Catholic)
- Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor, husband of Cunigunde of Luxemburg (see under "Other royalty and nobility" below), known as "Saint Henry II", in German "Heinrich II. der Heilige" ("Henry II the Holy") (Catholic)
- Hermenegild of the Visigoths (Catholic, Orthodox)
- Humbert III of Savoy (Catholic)
- Jadwiga of Poland, known as "Saint Hedwig of Poland", "Saint Jadwiga, Queen of Poland" and "Saint Hedwig, Queen of Poland", in Polish "Św. Jadwiga Królowa Polski" (Catholic)
- John III, Roman Emperor, died 1254, known as "John the Merciful" and "John III Doukas Vatatzes" (Orthodox)
- John IV, Roman Emperor, died 1305, known as "John IV Laskaris" and "John IV Doukas Laskaris" (Orthodox)
- Justinian I, Roman Emperor, died 565, known as "Justinian the Great" (Lutheran, Orthodox, Eastern Catholic)
- Justinian II, Roman Emperor, died 711, known as "Justinian Rhinotmetos" ("ὁ Ῥινότμητος", "the slit nosed") (Orthodox)
- Ladislaus I of Hungary, in Hungarian "Szent László" (Catholic)
- Lazar Hrebeljanović, Knez ("Prince" or "Duke") of Serbia, died 1389, known as "Tsar Lazar", canonized by the Serbian Orthodox Church as "Свети Косовски Великомученик кнез Лазар" ("Holy Great-Martyr of Kosovo Prince Lazar"), known as "Свети Цар Лазар" ("Holy Tsar Lazar") (Serbian Orthodox Church)
- Leo I, Roman Emperor, died 474 (Orthodox)[14][15]
- Leopold III, Margrave of Austria (Catholic)
- Luarsab II of Kartli, martyr (Orthodox)
- Louis IX of France, in French "Saint Louis" (Catholic)
- Ludwig IV of Thuringia, husband of Elisabeth of Hungary (see under "Other royalty and nobility" below), not canonized but revered as a saint in Thuringia, in German "Ludwig IV., der Heilige" ("Ludwig IV the Holy") (unofficially Catholic)
- Manuel II, Roman Emperor, died 1425, known as "Manuel I Palaiologos" and "Manuel the Monk" (Orthodox)
- Marcian, Roman Emperor, died 457 (Orthodox)
- Michael of Tver, martyr, Grand Prince of Vladimir (Orthodox)
- Milutin Nemanjic, King of Serbia (Orthodox)
- Mirian III of Iberia
- Neagoe Basarab, King of Wallachia[16]
- Nicholas II of Russia, Czar of Russia, the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia canonized him in 1980 as a saint and martyr, the synod of the Russian Orthodox Church canonized him as a saint and passion bearer on 14 August 2000, in Russian "Царь-Мученик Николай II" ("Tsar-Martyr Nicholas II") and "Святой Страстотерпец Царь Николай II" ("Holy Passion-Bearer Tsar Nicholas II") (Orthodox);[17] see Canonization of the Romanovs
- Nikephoros II, Roman Emperor, died 969, known as "Nikephoros II Phokas" (Orthodox)
- Olaf II of Norway, known as "Saint Olav" and "Saint Olave", in Old Norse "Oláfr hinn helgi", in Bokmål "Olav den hellige", in Nynorsk "Heilag-Olav" (Catholic, Orthodox)
- Oswald of Northumbria, died 642, martyr (Catholic, Orthodox)
- Peter of Murom, died 25 June 1228, Prince of Murom and husband of Fevronia of Murom. (Orthodox)
- Peter I of Bulgaria (Orthodox)
- Sigebert III, Merovingian king of Austrasia, father of Dagobert II (Catholic)
- Sigismund of Burgundy (Catholic)
- Solomon II of Imereti (Georgian Orthodox)
- Stefan Nemanja, Grand Prince of Serbia, canonised as Saint Simeon the Myrrh-streaming (Orthodox)
- Stefan Nemanjic, Grand Prince and King of Serbia, known as Stefan the First-Crowned (Orthodox)
- Stefan Uros Nemanjic, known also as Stefan Decanski, King of Serbia (Orthodox)
- Stephen I of Hungary, known as "Saint Stephen of Hungary", in Hungarian "Szent István király" (Catholic)
- Stephen the Great, King of Moldavia, repaused 2 July 1504, known as the "Athlete of Christianity", a patron saint of Moldavia, in Romanian "Dreptcredinciosul Voievod Ştefan cel Mare şi Sfânt" (Orthodox)
- Tamar of Georgia, died 1213, known as "Holy Righteous King Tamar" in the Georgian Orthodox Church (Orthodox)
- Theodosius I, Roman Emperor, died 395, known as "Theodosius the Great" (Orthodox)
- Theodosius II, Roman Emperor, died 450, known as "Theodosius the Younger" and "Theodosius the Calligrapher" (Orthodox)
- Tiridates III of Armenia, revered as a saint in the Armenian Church
- Uros Nemanjic, Emperor of Serbia (Orthodox)
- Vakhtang I of Iberia (Georgian Orthodox)
- Vakhtang III of Georgia (Georgian Orthodox)
- Vladimir I of Kiev, first Christian ruler of Kiev, in the Russian Orthodox Church his title denotes "equal to the Apostles", in Russian "Владимир Святой", in Ukrainian "Володимир Святий" and "Святий рівноапостольний князь Володимир" ("Saint Equal-to-the-Apostles Duke Volodymyr") (Orthodox, Roman Catholic[18])
- Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia, died 28 September 935, martyr, patron of the Czech Republic, in Czech "Svatý Václav", in German "Heilige Wenzel" (Catholic, Orthodox)
- William of Gellone, Count of Toulouse (Catholic)
Roman Catholic Beati, Venerabili, and Servants of God
The Roman Catholic Church classifies various holy persons who have not been canonized as saints in the inferior categories of beati, venerabili, and servants of God. These titles indicate grades on the path to canonization in that church.
- Charlemagne, King of the Franks and first Holy Roman Emperor, although never validly "canonized", his cultus was permitted fully at Aachen[19]
- Karl I of Austria, final Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary, known as "Blessed Karl I", "Blessed Karl of Austria", and "Blessed Charles I of Austria", in German "Der Selige Kaiser Karl I", in Hungarian "Boldog Károly király"
- James II of England & VII of Scotland: in 1734, spurred on by the English Benedictines of Paris, Archbishop Charles-Gaspard-Guillaume de Vintimille du Luc of Paris opened the Cause for the deposed and exiled James II & VII, who had died in France in 1701 after the Revolution of 1688; a 2019 article in the Catholic Herald provoked renewed, though still small-scale, interest in the possibility of the king's eventual canonization.
- Francis II of the Two Sicilies: in December, 2020, Cardinal Sepe of Naples announced the opening of the process of beatification and canonization in the case of Francis II.
Other royalty and nobility
This section enumerates Christian royalty, including consorts but not sovereigns, and nobility. Christian sovereigns, while also "royalty", are exclusively enumerated in "Monarchs" above.
Saints
- Adela of Normandy, Countess of Blois, daughter of king William I of England and mother of king Stephen (Catholic)
- Adelaide of Italy, empress-consort of Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor
- Agnes of Bohemia, daughter of Otakar I of Bohemia, in Czech "Sv. Anežka Česka"
- Alexandra Fyodorovna of Russia (Alix of Hesse)
- Alexei Nikolaevich of Russia
- Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia
- Anna of Kashin, wife of Russian Grand Prince Mikhail of Tver (Orthodox)
- Balthild, Queen of France and wife of King Clovis II, died 30 January 680 (Catholic)
- Begga, daughter of Pepin of Landen and mother of Pepin of Herstal
- Bertha of Kent, revered as a saint but not canonized
- Bojan Enravota, Prince of Bulgaria[20]
- Boris, Prince of Kiev
- Canute Lavard, Danish prince, son of king Eric I of Denmark and ancestor of Danish monarchs.
- Casimir, son of Casimir IV of Poland, known as "Saint Casimir of Poland" and "Saint Casimir Jagiełło", in Polish "Święty Kazimierz" (Catholic)
- Clotilde, daughter of Chilperic II of Burgundy, wife of Clovis I
- Constantine Constantinovich, Prince of Russia
- Cunigunde of Luxemburg, wife of Henry II, in Luxembourgish "Helleg Kunigunde"
- Dmitry of Moscow
- Edburga of Winchester, daughter of Edward the Elder
- Edburga of Bicester, daughter of Penda of Mercia
- Edburga of Minster-in-Thanet, or Heaburg, or Bugga, daughter of Centwine of Wessex
- Elgiva of Wessex, queen, wife of English king Edmund I and mother of another two kings.
- Elizabeth Fyodorovna of Russia
- Elisabeth of Hungary, wife of Ludwig IV of Thuringia (see above), in Hungarian "Árpádházi Szent Erzsébet" ("Saint Elizabeth of Árpád's Line") (Catholic)
- Elizabeth of Portugal, daughter of Pedro III of Aragon, wife of Denis of Portugal, known as "Saint Queen Elizabeth" and "Saint Isabel of Portugal", in Portuguese "Rainha Santa Isabel" (Catholic)
- Emeric of Hungary, son of Stephen I of Hungary, in Hungarian "Szent Imre"
- Queen Emma of Hawaii, who helped to found the Anglican Church in Hawaii, United States (Anglican)
- Fevronia of Murom, died 25 June 1228, Princess of Murom and wife of Peter of Murom. (Orthodox)
- Gleb, Prince of Kiev
- Hedwig of Andechs, daughter of Berthold III, Count of Tyrol, wife of Henry I of Poland, canonized 1267 as "Saint Hedwig of Andechs", in Polish "Św. Jadwiga Śląska"
- Helena of Constantinople, Roman Empress, died circa 327, mother of Emperor Constantine I (see above)
- Igor Konstantinovich, Prince of Russia
- Ingegerd of Sweden, Grand Princess of Kiev as wife of Yaroslav I the Wise, and Swedish princess as daughter of king Olof Skötkonung (Orthodox)
- Ioann Konstantinovich, Prince of Russia
- Irene of Hungary, Roman Empress, died 1134, consort of Emperor John II (Orthodox)
- Isabelle of France, Princess of France, daughter of Louis VIII of France, younger sister of St. Louis of France (see above)
- Jeanne of France, daughter of Louis XI of France, wife of Louis XII of France, known as "Saint Jeanne de Valois", in French "Ste Jeanne de France"
- Ketevan the Martyr, Queen of Kakheti, canonized by the Georgian Church (Georgian Orthodox)
- Kinga of Poland, daughter of Béla IV of Hungary, wife of Boleslaus V of Poland, known as "Saint Kunigunda", "Saint Cunegunde", "Saint Kioga", and "Saint Zinga", in Polish "Święta Kinga" (Catholic)
- Ludmila, Czech Princess (Catholic, Orthodox)
- Margaret of Hungary, daughter of Béla IV of Hungary, in Hungarian "Árpád-házi Szent Margit" ("Saint Margaret of Árpád's Line") (Catholic)
- Margaret of Scotland, died 16 November 1093, granddaughter of Edmund II of England, wife of Malcolm III of Scotland, and mother of King David I of Scotland (see above), canonized in 1251 (Catholic)
- Maria Nikolaevna of Russia, died 1918
- Matilda, queen consort of Heinrich I of Germany (Catholic)
- Nana of Iberia, queen consort of Mirian III of Iberia (Orthodox)
- Nuno Álvares Pereira, ancestor of the Portuguese House of Braganza (Catholic)
- Olga of Kiev, regent of son Svyatoslav I, Prince of Kiev, in Russian "Свята Ольга" ("Holy Olga")
- Olga Nikolaevna, Grand Duchess of Russia
- Pulcheria, Byzantine empress, married emperor Marcian (Catholic and Orthodox)
- Ragnhild of Tälje
- Shushanik (Orthodox)
- Tatiana Nikolaevna, Grand Duchess of Russia
- Theodora, Roman Empress, died 867, consort of Emperor Theophilos (Orthodox)
- Vladimir Paley, Prince
Roman Catholic Beati, Venerabili, and Servants of God
The Roman Catholic Church classifies various holy persons who have not been canonized as saints in the inferior categories of beati, venerabili, and servants of God. These titles indicate grades on the path to canonization in that church.
- Isabella I of Castile, Queen of Spain, her cause of beatification has been open since 1958,[21] but remains a controversial issue in Spain and in the Americas.
- Joana of Portugal, Princess of Portugal, daughter of Afonso V of Portugal, Dominican, known in Portugal as Santa Joana Princesa ("Saint Princess Joan"), although she is beatified only
- Jolenta of Poland, died 11 June 1298, daughter of Béla IV of Hungary, wife of Boleslaus the Pious of Poland, known as "Blessed Yolanda of Poland", "Blessed Yolande of Poland" and "Blessed Helen of Hungary", in Polish "Bł. Jolenty w Gnieźnie "
- Maria Cristina of Savoy, daughter of King Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia and Queen Maria Teresa of Austria-Este and queen consort of the Two Sicilies, she was beatified on 25 January 2014 by Pope Francis
- Mafalda of Portugal, daughter of Sancho I of Portugal and queen consort of Castile, known in Portugal as Rainha Santa Mafalda although she is only beatified
- Margaret of Savoy, Marchioness of Montferrat
- Sancha of León, a queen of León, daughter of king Alfonso V, wife of king Ferdinand I, and mother of three other kings
- Sancha of Portugal, daughter of Sancho I of Portugal, known in Portugal as Rainha Santa Sancha although she is only beatified
- Teresa of Portugal, daughter of Sancho I of Portugal and queen consort of León, known in Portugal as Rainha Santa Teresa although she is only beatified
- Madame Louise of France, Princess of France and Carmelite nun, daughter of King Louis XV and aunt of Élisabeth of France and Clotilde of France . Her cause for canonization was open on 19 June 1873 by Pope Pius IX, in recognition of which she was accorded the title of Venerable.
- Marie Clotilde of France, Queen of Sardinia, wife of King Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia, and sister of Élisabeth of France. Her cause for canonization was open on 10 April 1808 by Pope Pius VII, in recognition of which she was accorded the title of Venerable.
- Madame Élisabeth of France, Princess of France and daughter of Louis, Dauphin of France (son of Louis XV), and youngest sibling of King Louis XVI. Her cause for canonization was open on 23 December 1953 by Pope Pius XII, in recognition of which she was accorded the title of Servant of God.
- Maria Clotilde of Savoy, daughter of King Victor Emmanuel II of Italy and Queen Adelaide of Austria and Princess of Napoléon. Her cause for canonization was open on 10 July 1942 by Pope Pius XII, in recognition of which she was accorded the title of Servant of God.
- Zita of Bourbon-Parma, Empress of Austria and Queen of Hungary, wife of Karl I of Austria. Her cause for canonization was opened on 10 December 2009 by Pope Benedict XVI, in recognition of which she was accorded the title of Servant of God.
- Isabel de Bragança Bourbon, Princess Imperial of Brazil; daughter of King Pedro II of Brazil and Queen Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies. Her cause for sainthood is in progress.
- Andrew Bertie, Prince and Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. Fifth cousin once removed of Queen Elizabeth II. Declared Servant of God on February 2015.
- Ignatius Spencer, son of the 2nd Earl Spencer. Great grand-uncle of Diana, Princess of Wales.
- Eleonora d'Este, daughter of Francesco I d'Este, Duke of Modena and his first wife Maria Caterina Farnese.
Pre-Christian Saints
King David of the United Monarchy of ancient Israel and Kings Hezekiah and Josiah of the southern Kingdom of Judah are traditionally considered to be in Heaven by Catholic dogma.[22][23]
See also
- By the Grace of God
- Great Catholic Monarch
- Society of King Charles the Martyr
- List of nicknames of European Royalty and Nobility
- List of rulers who converted to Christianity
References
- Leclercq, Henri. "The Legend of Abgar." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. New York, New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 19 February 2013.
- "Sant' Alessandro Nevskij"
- Machitadze, Archpriest Zakaria. 2007. "Holy Royal Martyrs Archil and Luarsab" Archived 17 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine. The Lives of the Georgian Saints. Pravoslavie.Ru. Accessed on 11 November 2007.
- "San Boris Michele I"
- "St. Canute IV".
- https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=2731
- http://www.byzantium.xronikon.com/bitsaint.html
- "Canonization of New Saints by the Ecumenical Patriarchate". Ecumenical Patriarchate - Orthodox Metropolitanate of Hong Kong and South East Asia. 2 August 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
- Great Synaxaristes (in Greek): Ὁ Ἅγιος Λέων Μακέλλης ὁ Μέγας. 20 Ιανουαρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
- Renewal Friday: Theotokos of the Life-giving Spring. Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America. Retrieved: 14 April 2018.
- "Nicholas II and Family Canonized for Passion". New York Times. 12 August 2000.
- https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=434
- Shahan, Thomas, and Ewan Macpherson. "Charlemagne." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 3. New York, New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 19 February 2013.
- See link: http://www.reinacatolica.org/causa.html
- "Litany to Old Testament Saints"
- This Rock Quick Questions, Volume 14, Issue 5. Archived 14 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine