List of printing protocols

A printing protocol is a protocol for communication between client devices (computers, mobile phones, tablets, etc.) and printers (or print servers). It allows clients to submit one or more print jobs to the printer or print server, and perform tasks such as querying the status of a printer, obtaining the status of print jobs, or cancelling individual print jobs.

Dedicated protocols

Protocols listed here are specific for printing.

  • The Line Printer Daemon protocol/Line Printer Remote protocol (or LPD, LPR) is a network protocol for submitting print jobs to a remote printer. The original implementation of LPD was in the Berkeley printing system in the 2.10 BSD UNIX operating system in 1988; the LPRng project also supports that protocol. The LPD Protocol Specification is documented in RFC 1179.[1] LPD printing normally happens over port 515.
  • AppSocket, also known as Port 9100, RAW, JetDirect, or Windows TCPmon is a protocol that was developed by Tektronix.[2][3] It is considered as 'the simplest, fastest, and generally the most reliable network protocol used for printers' though 'it also offers no security and is often an attack vector with printers'.[3] AppSocket printing normally happens over port 9100.
  • The Internet Printing Protocol (IPP) is an Internet protocol for communication between client devices (computers, mobile phones, tablets, etc.) and printers (or print servers). IPP can run locally or over the Internet. Unlike other printing protocols, IPP also supports access control, authentication, and encryption, making it a much more capable and secure printing mechanism than older ones. IPP is supported by over 98% of printers sold today. IPP printing normally happens over port 631. It is the default protocol in Android and iOS.

Generic protocols

These protocols put the printer as similar class to remote disks, scanners and multimedia devices. This is especially true for multi-function printers, that also produce image files (scans and faxes) and send them back through the network.

  • Telnet is based on simply transferring data safely to/from TCP ports that are now being used for printing purposes. This approach is sometimes called raw TCP/IP, Stream, or direct sockets printing.
  • Server Message Block (SMB) is an application-layer network protocol for file and printer sharing originally developed by IBM in the mid-80s. It is the default method used by Windows based computers to share files and printers.[4]

Wireless protocols

Wireless protocols is designed for wireless devices. This kinds of protocols is based on one kind of printing protocols plus Zero-configuration networking (zeroconf) mechanisms. In this way, printers can be used by wireless devices seamlessly. Note that the printer itself is not necessary to be wirelessed.

Internet protocols

The computer and the printer usually should locate in the same local area network (LAN) when use all of above protocols. Internet printing protocols is designed for Internet printing.

See also

References
  1. RFC1179 Line Printer Daemon Protocol, August 1990, edited by L. McLaughlin III.
  2. "AppSocket TCP/IP Protocol". LPRng Reference Manual. 26 Nov 2010. Retrieved 2017-09-06.
  3. "Using Network Printers". cups.org. Retrieved 2017-09-06.
  4. Common Internet File System, Microsoft TechNet Library
  5. "Software update", iPad, UK: Apple
  6. "AirPrint" (Press release). UK: Apple. September 15, 2010.
  7. Finnie, Ryan (November 13, 2010). "AirPrint & GNU/Linux" (how-to). Retrieved November 2, 2013.
  8. AirPrint: how to make it work for shared printers, TUAW, November 11, 2010
  9. "Printing from iPad AirPrint via Cups" (how-to). CC: Rho. Archived from the original on January 16, 2013. Retrieved November 2, 2013.
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