List of presidents of the Oxford Union

Past elected Presidents of the Oxford Union at the University of Oxford are listed below, with their college and the year/term in which they served. Iterum indicates that a person was serving a second term as President (which is not possible under the current Union rules).

Key

Presidents of the United Debating Society

These are the Presidents as listed[1]

Presidents of the Oxford Union Society

1826–1831

These are the Presidents as listed[1][12][13]

1831–1850
Year Michaelmas Hilary Trinity
1831–32 Earl of Lincoln G. K. Rickards Roundell Palmer[18][13]
1832–33 William Ward Edward Cardwell Archibald Tait
1833–34 Edward Massie[lower-alpha 9] Robert Lowe
Charles Marriott		 William Sinclair[lower-alpha 10]
1834–35 J. Adams[lower-alpha 11] William Ward (iterum) J. M. Capes
1835–36 Edward Cardwell (iterum) T. Brancker[lower-alpha 12] John Cornish[23][13]
1836–37 W. N. Tilson-Marsh[lower-alpha 13] Henry Cripps[26][13] G. R. Moncrieff[lower-alpha 14]
1837–38 James Hessey William Ridley W. C. Lake[28][13]
1838–39 Henry Highton G. R. Moncrieff[lower-alpha 14] (iterum) H. W. Sullivan[lower-alpha 15]
1839–40 William Buckley J. B. Blackett George Rawlinson[30][13]
1840–41 C. T. Arnold[lower-alpha 16] R. C. Powles[33][13] J. T. B. Landon[lower-alpha 17]
1841–42 Richard Congreve[35][13] Melville Portal Drummond Chase
1842–43 Edward Plumptre George Bowen[36][13] W. H. Scott[lower-alpha 18]
1843–44 John Coleridge[39][13] H. M. White[lower-alpha 19] John Mackarness[41][13]
1844–45 George Bowen[36][13](iterum) Alfred Pott[42][13] John G. Cazenove
1846–47 Francis Sandford John Conington[41] R. J. Simpson[lower-alpha 20]
1848–49 S. J. Hulme[lower-alpha 21] C. H. Stanton[lower-alpha 22] Earl of Dufferin[n 1]
W. B. Marriott
1847–48 George Hunt Walter Congreve[lower-alpha 23] Montagu Blackett[41]
1848–49 G. R. Portal[lower-alpha 24] F. Meyrick[50] George Boyle
1849–50 William Milman[51][52] J. R. K. Ralph[lower-alpha 25] Edward Knatchbull-Hugessen

1850–1875
Year Michaelmas Hilary Trinity
1850–51 E. B. Lomer[lower-alpha 26] Alexander Mitchell Henry Smith
1851–52 Frederick Lygon Walter Shirley Henry Oxenham
1852–53 C. H. Pearson[56][13] J. Fitzgerald[lower-alpha 27] Benjamin Rogers[58][13]
1853–54 George Goschen[59][13] Arthur Butler[60][13] Godfrey Lushington[61][13]
1854–55 George C. Brodrick[62][13] Robert Bartlett[lower-alpha 28] J. H. Bridges[lower-alpha 29][66][13]
1855–56 D. C. Lathbury Charles Turner[67][13] W. F. Wilberforce
1856–57 John Oakley Philip Eliot John Mitchinson[68][13]
1857–58 T. R. Halcombe[lower-alpha 30] Thomas Fowle Charles Bowen[70][13]
1858–59 E. K. Bennet[lower-alpha 31] A. V. Dicey[72][13] A. O. Rutson[73]
1859–60 Peter Fogg Edward Moore[74][13] H. L. Harrison
1860–61 Francis Beaumont[75][13][76] Kenelm Digby[77][13] Thomas Green
1861–62 J. R. Magrath[78][13] Auberon Herbert[n 1][79][13]
A. H. Beesly		 James Bryce[60][13]
1862–63 O. W. Tancock Reginald Smith[80][13]
 Reginald Abbot[81][13]
1863–64 Alfred Robinson[lower-alpha 32][83][13] William Fearon[84][13]
 Francis Jeune[85][13]
1864–65 A. A. Clive Alfred Robinson[83][13]
(iterum)		 R. Robinson
1865–66 Courtenay Ilbert[86][13] Edward Talbot[87][13] George Simcox[88][13]
1866–67 William Awdry[89][13] William Sanday[90][13] Lord Francis Hervey[91]
1867–68 James Strachan-Davidson[92][13] Reginald Copleston[93][13] Edward Talbot[87][13] (iterum)
1868–69 Mandell Creighton[94][13] C. T. Redington Reginald Copleston[93][13] (iterum)
1869–70 Charles Fyffe William Duggan[95][13] A. H. Turner
1870–71 John Doyle[96][13] Thomas Grose[97][13] Herbert James[93][13]
1871–72 Walter Lock[98][13] Annan Bryce Henry Pope
1872–73 Charles Cruttwell[99][13] William M. Sinclair Ellis Ashmead-Bartlett
1873–74 Robert Mowbray[96][13] M. H. Gould H. H. Asquith[86][13]
1874–75 H. A. Venables Thomas Raleigh[100][13] Arthur Sloman[1]

1875–1900
Year Michaelmas Hilary Trinity
1875–76 Herbert Paul George Savery Alfred Milner[83][13]
1876–77 Robert Haddon Dunbar Barton Viscount Lymington[n 1][101][13]
Arthur Baumann[101][13]
1877–78 Robert Horton[102][13] William St John Brodrick Robert Germaine
1878–79 Nathaniel Micklem Edward Poulton[103] F. R. Burrows
1879–80 Edward Cook Richard Dawson B. R. Wise
1880–81 George Curzon John Sargeaunt Charles White
1881–82 Edward Horsburgh John Hamilton[104] A. N. Cumming[101]
1882–83 Michael Sadler W. H. Shaw[92] Halford Mackinder[105]
1883–84 John Pemberton[106] A. Dyson Williams William Worsley
1884–85 Cosmo Lang[107] George Vidal[108] George Bellewes
1885–86 Robert Cecil Anthony Hawkins C. Emmott
1886–87 / Walter Phillips Charles Green C. J. Blacker
1887–88 H. M. Godfray A. J. McGregor A. J. Carlyle[109]
1888–89 Arthur Griffith-Boscawen Spurrier Parmiter Herbert Snowden
1889–90 George Mortimer George Peel Frank Coller
1890–91 Carl Knaus William Cozens-Hardy Lord Ampthill
1891–92 A. E. Ripley John Magee James Galbraith
1892–93 Robert Charles Phillimore C. H. Eliot William Lygon
1893–94 H. W. Liversidge Lord Balcarres F. E. Smith
1894–95 Herbert Morrah Hilaire Belloc P. J. Macdonell
1895–96 R. C. Phillimore (iterum) John Simon Archibald Boyd-Carpenter
1896–97 Francis Hirst Robert Johnson James Cleland
1897–98 F. Lenwood Edmund Bentley Cyril Garbett
1898–99 L. R. F. Oldershaw John Buchan Arthur Steel
1899–1900 G. M. Gathorne-Hardy Robert Ensor[105] Raymond Asquith[n 2][105]

1900–1925
Year Michaelmas Hilary Trinity
1900–01 Harold Baker[105] Algernon Cecil[105] T. Cuthbertson[105]
1901–02 George Tomlinson[105] Sandie Lindsay[105] Eric Macfadyen[105]
1902–03 Herbert du Parcq[105] Herbert Asquith[105] F. W. Curran[105]
1903–04 John Brooke[105] William Temple[105] W. A. Moore[105]
1904–05 E. S. Jose[105] John Heath[105] Alexander Shaw[105]
1905–06 M. H. Woods[105] H. M. Paul[105] Henry Lygon[105]
1906–07 Gervais Rentoul[105] Neville Talbot[105] Will Gladstone[n 2][105]
1907–08 W. S. Armour[105] Charles Le Quesne[105] Hugh Hallett[105]
1908–09 M. H. Richmond[105] Ronald Knox[105] Edgar Swain[105]
1909–10 Robert Laffan[105] Robert S. A. Palmer[n 2][105] Leonard Stein[105]
1910–11 A. W. Cockburn[105] Nathaniel Micklem[105] Raymond Bevir[n 2][105]
1911–12 Philip Guedalla[105] Frank Griffith[105] Robert Barrington-Ward[105]
1912–13 G. S. Woodhouse[n 2][105] Walter Monckton[105] W. J. Bland[n 2][105]
1913–14 Godfrey Talbot[n 2][105] Ernest Roberts[105] Alexander Wedderburn[105]
1914–15 Arthur Wiggin[105]
N/A
N/A
1915–16
N/A
N/A
N/A
1916–17
N/A
N/A
N/A
1917–18
N/A
N/A
N/A
1918–19
N/A
N/A
 Leslie Hore-Belisha[105]
1919–20 Thomas Earp[105] Constantine Gallop[105] John Russell[105]
1920–21 Beverley Nichols[105] Alec Beechman[105] Cecil Ramage[105]
1921–22 Kenneth Lindsay[105] John Evans[105] Ralph Carson[105]
1922–23 Edward Marjoribanks[105] J. Douglas Woodruff[105] Gordon Bagnall[105]
1923–24 Christopher Hollis[105] Christopher Scaife[105] Gerald Gardiner[105]
1924–25 Henry Scrymgeour-Wedderburn[105] Robert Bernays[105] Vincent Lloyd-Jones[105]

1925–1950
Year Michaelmas Hilary Trinity
1925–26 Hugh Molson[105] Gyles Isham[105] Lindley Fraser[105]
1926–27 Alan Lennox-Boyd[105] Roger Fulford[105] John Playfair Price[105]
1927–28 Malcolm Brereton[n 3][105] Dingle Foot[105] Aubrey Herbert[105]
1928–29 Somerset Stopford Brooke[105] Roger Wilson[105] Quintin Hogg[105]
1929–30 Michael Stewart[105] Edgar Lustgarten[105] J. P. W. Mallalieu[105]
1930–31 John Boyd-Carpenter[105] John Foot[105] Geoffrey Wilson[105]
1931–32 Toby O'Brien[105] Arthur Irvine[105] Brian Davidson[105]
1932–33 Christopher Smuts[105] Frank Hardie[105] Tony Greenwood[105]
1933–34 Michael Foot[105] Dosoo Karaka[105] Keith Steel-Maitland[105]
1934–35 W. G. Murray[105] David Lewis[105] James Hickerton[105]
1935–36 Brian Farrell[105] Ian Harvey[105] Bill Shebbeare[n 3][105]
1936–37 James Brown[105] Christopher Mayhew[105] Patrick Anderson[105]
1937–38 Alan Fyfe[n 3][105] Raymond Walton[105] Philip Toynbee[105]
1938–39 Alan Wood[105] Edward Heath[105] Hugh Fraser[105]
1939–40 A. F. Giles[n 4][105]
Nicholas Henderson[105]		 Madron Seligman[105] Robin Edmonds[105]
1940–41 James Comyn[105] Indar Bahadoorsingh[105] Kenneth Riddle[105]
1941–42 Michael Kinchin-Smith[105] Gershon Hirsch[105] F. P. R. Hinchliffe[105]
1942–43 James Cameron Tudor[105] Herbert Clarke[105] Courtney Blackmore[105]
1943–44 Godfrey le Quesne[105][110] Kenneth Lamb[105] Fernando Henriques[105]
1944–45 Tony Pickford[105] Alan Gibson[n 4][105]
Rudi Weisweiller[105]		 Anthony Walton[105]
1945-46 John Long[105] Basil Wigoder[105] Anthony Crosland[105]
1946-47 Ronald Brown[105] Roger Gray[105]
 Anthony Wedgwood Benn[105]
1947–48 Peter Kroyer[105] Clive Wigram[105] Edward Boyle[105]
1948–49 Seymour Hills[105] Peter Kirk[105] Rodney Donald[105]
1949–50 Dick Faber[105] Uwe Kitzinger[105] Robin Day[105]

1950–1975
Year Michaelmas Hilary Trinity
1950–51 Godfrey Smith[105] Jeremy Thorpe[105] William Rees-Mogg[105]
1951–52 Ivan Yates[105] Peter Blaker[105] Howard Shuman[105]
1952–53 Patrick Mayhew[105] Bryan Magee[105] John Peters[105]
1953–54 Andrew Cuninghame[105] Tyrell Burgess[105] Raghavan Iyer[105]
1954–55 Michael Heseltine[105] Jeremy Isaacs[105] Anthony Howard[105]
1955–56 Desmond Watkins[105] Alec Grant[105] Roy Dixon[105]
1956–57 Edmund Ions[105] Jeremy Lever[105] Peter Brooke[105]
1957–58 Brian Walden[105] Lalith Athulathmudali[105] Stuart Griffiths[105]
1958–59 Ron Owen Lakshman Kadirgamar[105] Anthony Newton[105]
1959–60 Joe Trattner[105] Ian Lyon[105] Peter Jay[105]
1960–61 Robert Rowland[105] Phillip Whitehead[105] Paul Foot[105]
1961–62 Howard Preece[105] Hugh Stephenson[105] John McDonnell[105]
1962–63 Michael Beloff[105] Girish Karnad[105] Jeffrey Jowell[105]
1963–64 Anthony Hart[105] Garth Pratt[105] Lord James Douglas-Hamilton[105]
1964–65 Eric Abrahams[105][111] Neil MacCormick[105] Tariq Ali[105]
1965–66 Douglas Hogg[105] Joshua Bamfield[105] Jeremy Beloff[105]
1966–67 Montek Singh Ahluwalia[105] Ronald Cohen[105] Stephen Marks[105]
1967–68 Robert Jackson[105] Geraldine Jones[105] William Waldegrave[105]
1968–69 Ian Glick[105] David Walter[105] Colin Youlden[105]
1969–70 Gyles Brandreth[105] Guy Harkin[105] Stephen Milligan[105]
1970–71 Eric Parsloe[105] Michael House[105] Susan Richards[105]
1971–72 Christopher Tookey[105] Julian Priestley[n 1][105]
Pradeep Mitra[105]		 Patric Dickinson[105]
1972–73 Philip McDonagh[105] Michael Austerberry[112] Colin Maltby[105]
1973–74 David Warren[105] Simon Walker[105] Michael Soole[105]
1974–75 Robert McDonagh[105] Robert Scoble[105] Victor van Amerongen[105]

1975–2000
Year Michaelmas Hilary Trinity
1975–76 David Soskin[105] Andrew Bell[105] Colin Moynihan[105]
1976–77 Richard Norton[105] Benazir Bhutto[105] Victoria Schofield[105]
1977–78 Damian Green[105] Nicholas O'Shaughnessy[105] John Harrison[105]
1978–79 Daniel Moylan[105] Alan Duncan[105] Philip May[105]
1979–80 Michael Crick[105] Warwick Lightfoot[105] Nicholas Prettejohn[105]
1980–81 Rupert Soames[105] Andrew Sutcliffe[105] Alexandra Jones[105]
1981–82 William Hague Kevin Brennan[105] Paul Thompson[105]
1982–83 Christopher Wortley[105] Hilali Noordeen[105] Andrew Sullivan[105]
1983–84 Neale Stevenson[105] Malcolm Bull[105] Melvyn Stride[105]
1984–85 Laurence Grafstein[105] Roland Rudd[105] Neil Sherlock[105]
1985–86 Anthony Goodman[105] Jeya Wilson[105] Boris Johnson[105]
1986–87 Angus McCullough[105] Simon Stevens[105][113] Jessica Pulay[105]
1987–88 Anthony Frieze[105] Michael Gove[105] Duncan Gray[105]
1988–89 Andrew McCulloch[105] Adam Bruce[105] Stefan Green[105]
1989–90 Diana Gerald[105] Ed Lazarus[105] Jeremy Quin[105]
1990–91 Melanie Johnson[105] Ollie Campbell[105] Damian Hinds[105]
1991–92 Nicholas Edgar[105] Graeme Halkerston Adrian Gannon
1992–93 Christopher Hall James Robertson Katherine Wade
1993–94 Toby Lewis Kate Wilson Peter Gowers
1994–95 Jeremy Green Robert Palmer David Pinto-Duschinsky
1995–96 Matt Guy Jonathan Wolf Paul Kenward
1996–97 Jenny Carter-Manning Rob Harrington Oli Evans
1997–98 Sam Gyimah Clare Dixon Ellie Blagbrough
1998–99 Helen Eastman Theo Mills Nicky Black
1999–2000 Ben Seifert Lucy Aitkens Jeff Bell

2000–present
Year Michaelmas Hilary Trinity
2000–01 Richard Silcock Nick Mason Amy Harland
2001–02 Neil Mahapatra Charlotte Keenan Karen Price
2002–03 David Watson Fraser Campbell Ambrose Faulks
2003–04 Marcus Walker Edward Tomlinson Georgina Costa
2004–05 Ruzwana Bashir Laura Poots Richard Tydeman
2005–06 Chris Farmer Sapana Agrawal David Powell
2006–07 James Wise Theo Roos Alex Just
2007–08 Luke Tryl Emily Partington Ben Tansey
2008–09 Josh Roche Charlie Holt Corey Dixon
2009–10 James Dray Stuart Cullen Laura Winwood
2010–11 James Kingston James Langman Ashvir Sangha
2011–12 Isabelle Westbury Lauren Pringle Isabel Ernst
2012–13 Seung-yoon Lee[lower-alpha 33] Maria Rioumine Joseph D'Urso
2013–14 Parit Wacharasindhu Polina Ivanova Ben Sullivan
2014–15 Mayank Banerjee Lisa Wehden Olivia Merrett
2015–16 Charles Vaughan Stuart Webber Robert Harris
2016–17 Noah Lachs Nikolay Koshikov Michael Li
2017–18 Chris Zabilowicz Laali Vadlamani Gui Cavalcanti
2018–19 Stephen Horvath Daniel Wilkinson Genevieve Athis
2019–20 Brendan McGrath[n 1][115] Sara Dube Mahi Joshi
2020–21 Beatrice Barr James Price Adam Roble

Other notable officers

The 3rd Marquess of Salisbury was Union Secretary in Michaelmas 1848.

Harold Macmillan was Secretary of the Union in Hilary 1914, then Junior Treasurer (elected unopposed, which was then very unusual) in Trinity 1914; but for the war he would "almost certainly" have been President.[116]

S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike was Treasurer in Trinity 1924.[117]

Humayun Kabir was Librarian in 1931.[117]

Jacob Rees-Mogg was Librarian in 1990, losing the election for the presidency to future Education Secretary Damian Hinds.[118]

In fiction
  • Simon Kerslake (early 1950s), protagonist of the Jeffrey Archer novel First Among Equals invites sitting Prime Minister Winston Churchill to propose the motion during Eights Week that "This House Would Rather be a Commoner than a Lord". His future rival, The Hon. Charles Seymour listens from the floor and resolves to enter politics also.[119] Archer himself was elected to Standing Committee for one term in 1965.[120]

Notes
  1. Resigned
  2. Killed during the First World War
  3. Killed during the Second World War
  4. Elected but did not hold office because of war service
  1. Thomas Frederick Amelius Parry Hodges (1801/2 – 27 October 1880) was also a fellow of his alma mater and was vicar of North Clifton with Harby, Nottinghamshire and of Lyme Regis.[3]
  2. Charles des Voeux (29 April 1802 – 9 August 1833[4]) was the eldest son of Sir Charles Des Voeux, 2nd Baronet.[5]
  3. Arthur James Lewis (1800/1 in Cannanore 14 November 1865) later became Advocate-General of Bombay.[6]
  4. Hassard Hume Dodgson (1803/4 – fl. 1872) was a master of the Common Pleas[7] and was the father-in-law of Charles Edward Pollock.[8]
  5. Robert Vernon Atherton Hornby (1805/6 – September 1857)[10]
  6. John Ryle Wood (1806/7 – 9 November 1886) was later vicar of St John-in-Bedwardine, canon of Worcester Cathedral, and Chaplain to the Duke of Cambridge.[11]
  7. Douglas Smith (1804/5 – 1829)[14]
  8. John Pearson (1806/7 fl. 1828), previously educated at Eton College, later became a barrister after graduating from Lincoln's Inn[15][16]
  9. Edward Massie (1805/6 – fl. 1845) was later a chaplain.[19]
  10. Sinclair attended St Mary Hall, Oxford. Associated with Oriel since 1326, it functioned independently from 1545 to 1902, before being incorporated into Oriel upon the death of its Principal, Drummond Percy Chase. Thus, St Mary Hall's coat of arms is substituted with that of the university itself.
  11. John Adams (1813 – 18 September 1848), of the landed family of Ansty Hall and the eldest half-brother of novelist Henry Cadwallader Adams, later became a barrister-at-law in the Middle Temple.[20][21]
  12. Thomas Brancker (1812/3 – 11 November 1871) was later rector of St Mary's Church, Limington and prebendary of Wells Cathedral.[22]
  13. William Nathaniel Tilson Marsh Lushington Tilson FZS FRGS FRHS (1815/6 – January 1881) was the perpetual curate of St James' Church, Ryde and of St Leonard's Church, St Leonards-on-Sea.[24] His wife was a niece of Charles Morgan, 1st Baron Tredegar.[25]
  14. George Robertson Moncreiff (29 January 1817 – fl. 1884), a younger brother of Sir Henry Wellwood-Moncreiff, 10th Baronet, was HM Inspector of Schools from 1850 to 1873.[27]
  15. Henry William Sullivan (1814/5 – 22 March 1880) was later rector of Yoxall[29]
  16. Rev. Charles Thomas Arnold (1817/8 – 13 May 1878) was later an assistant master at Rugby School who wrote articles for the Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology.[31][32]
  17. James Timothy Bainbridge Landon (1816/7 – fl. 1877) was later vicar of Ledsham, West Yorkshire and canon of York Minster.[34]
  18. William Henry Scott (1819/20 – 17 September 1859) was a grandson of Sir Joseph Scott, 1st Baronet.[37][38]
  19. Henry Master White (1820/1 – fl. 1871) was later vicar of Masbrough and, in the Cape Colony, principal of Diocesan College and Archdeacon of Grahamstown.[40]
  20. Robert James Simpson (1825/6 – fl. 1886) was vicar of Upton, Buckinghamshire (1867–79), St Clement Danes (1869–79), and St Peter Eltham (1886–?).[43]
  21. Samuel Joseph Hulme (1823/4 – 12 December 1886) was rector of St Martin's Carfax, Oxford and of Bourton-on-the-Water.[44]
  22. Charles Holbrow Stanton (1825 – fl. 1876) was later admitted to the bar at Lincoln's Inn and became an barrister in the Oxford circuit.[45][46]
  23. Walter Congreve (1824/5 – fl. 1850)[47]
  24. George Raymond Portal (28 February 1827 – 3 April 1889), a brother of Sir Wyndham Portal, 1st Baronet, was later rector of Albury, Surrey and of Burghclere.[48][49]
  25. John Rowe Kelley Ralph (1824 – 5 December 1885) was later a barrister who served on the North Wales and Chester Circuit.[53][54]
  26. Edward Bridges Lomer (1827/8 – 6 August 1865) was later a barrister-at-law.[55]
  27. John FitzGerald (1830/1 – fl. 1857) was later vicar of Borden, Kent and Camden Town.[57]
  28. Robert Edward Bartlett (1829/30 – fl. 1876) was later vicar of Great Waltham and his son was the brother-in-law of Edward Bruce Alexander.[63][64]
  29. John Henry Bridges (1851/2 – fl. 1876)[65]
  30. Thomas Robert Halcombe (1833/4 – 22 July 1880) was later curate of Addlestone.[69]
  31. Edward Kedington Bennet (1833/4 – fl. 1885) was later rector of Bunwell.[71]
  32. Alfred Robinson (1840/1 – fl. 1875) was later sub-warden of New College, Oxford.[82]
  33. The first president of East Asian descent, he is the CEO of Byline, a crowdfunded journalism platform.[114]

References
  1. Hollis, Christopher (1965). The Oxford Union. Evans.
  2. Sutton, C. W.; Curthoys, M. C. (2004). "Durnford, Richard (1802–1895)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/8326. Retrieved 31 May 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  3. Alumni Oxoniensis (1715-1886), p. 298
  4. Burke's Peerage 2003, p. 1308
  5. "Voeux, Charles des", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 1475
  6. "Lewis, Arthur James", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 844
  7. "Dodgson, Hassard Hume", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 376
  8. Burke's Peerage 2003, p. 3163
  9. Foster, p. 277.
  10. "Hornby, Robert (Vernon) Atherton", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 692
  11. "Wood, John Ryle", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 1599
  12. Union, Oxford (1831). Oxford Union Society. Talboys&Browne.
  13. Union, Oxford (1835). Proceedings. [1845-50 are entitled Debates. Imperf.].
  14. "Smith, Douglas", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 1311
  15. "Pearson, John", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 1086
  16. The Eton School lists, from 1791 to 1850, p. 104
  17. Courtney, W. P.; Matthew, H. C. G. (October 2006). "Courtenay, William Reginald, eleventh earl of Devon (1807–1888)". In Matthew, H. C. G (ed.). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/6459. Retrieved 31 May 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  18. Foster, p. 319.
  19. "Massie, Edward", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 925
  20. Burke's Landed Gentry 1871 vol. 1, p. 4
  21. "Adams, John", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 1311
  22. "Brancker, Thomas", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 153
  23. Foster, p. 412.
  24. "Tilson, William Nathaniel Tilson Marsh Lushington", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 1420
  25. The New Extinct Peerage 1884-1971, 1972, p. 272
  26. Foster, p. 210.
  27. "Moncreiff, George Robertson", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 968
  28. Foster, p. 67.
  29. "Sul[l]ivan, Henry William", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 1371
  30. Foster, p. 125.
  31. Arnold, Rev. Charles Thomas", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 31
  32. "List of Writers", Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology
  33. Foster, p. 126.
  34. "Landon, James Timothy Bainbridge", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 813
  35. Foster, p. 530.
  36. Foster, p. 355.
  37. "Scott, Rev. William Henry", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 1267
  38. Burke's Peerage 1949, p. 1797
  39. Foster, p. 124.
  40. "White, Henry Master", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 1539
  41. Hollis, p. 243.
  42. Foster, p. 323.
  43. "Simpson, Robert James", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 1300
  44. "Hulme, Samuel Joseph", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 711
  45. "Stanton, Charles Holbrow", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 1343
  46. "Stanton, Charles Holbrow", Men-at-the-Bar, p. 443
  47. "Congreve, Walter", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 285
  48. Burke's Peerage 2003, p. 3177
  49. "Portal, George Raymond", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 1132
  50. Buckland, Augustus Robert (1912). "Meyrick, Frederick (DNB12)" . Dictionary of National Biography (2nd supplement). London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  51. Foster, p. 414.
  52. Hollis, Christopher (1965). The Oxford Union. Evans. p. 245.
  53. "Ralph, John Rowe Kelly", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 1172
  54. "Ralph, John Rowe Kelley", Men-at-the-Bar, p. 383
  55. "Lomer, Edward Bridges", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 869
  56. Foster, p. 153.
  57. "FitzGerald, John", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 466
  58. Foster, p. 532.
  59. Foster, p. 151.
  60. Foster, p. 149.
  61. Foster, p. 280.
  62. Foster, p. 92.
  63. "Bartlett, Robert Edward", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 69
  64. Burke's Irish Family Records 1976, p. 12
  65. "Bridges, John Henry", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 159
  66. Foster, p. 154.
  67. Foster, p. 127.
  68. Foster, p. 553.
  69. "Halcomb, Thomas Robert", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 585
  70. Foster, p. 56.
  71. "Bennet, Edward Kedington", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 93
  72. Foster, p. 274.
  73. "Obituary". The Times. 23 April 1890. p. 7.
  74. Foster, p. 619.
  75. Foster, p. 484.
  76. Who's Who 1906, p. 117
  77. Foster, p. 383.
  78. Foster, p. 172.
  79. Foster, p. 483.
  80. Foster, p. 453.
  81. Foster, p. 282.
  82. "Robinson, Alfred", Alumni Oxonienses, p. 1211
  83. Foster, p. 205.
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