List of presidents of the Government of Catalonia
The list of presidents of the Government of Catalonia compiles the official list of presidents of the Generalitat de Catalunya since its inception in 1359 to present time.[1] It has been the traditional way of listing presidents, starting with Berenguer de Cruïlles.[2][3][4] The most recent stable version of the list dates from 2003, by Josep M. Solé i Sabaté in his work Historia de la Generalitat de Catalunya i dels seus presidents.[5] The procedure to set up this list is the following: for the period of the medieval Generalitat (Deputation of the General),[6] the president was the most eminent ecclesiastic deputy of the Deputation of the General of Catalonia (popularly known as Generalitat),[7] a body of the Catalan Courts dissolved in 1716 and reinstated for two years in 1874. From April 1931 on, the list includes the elected presidents as well as the proclaimed exiled presidents during the Francoist dictatorship.[8] The functions of the President of the Government of Catalonia have varied considerably over history, in parallel with the attributions of the Generalitat itself.[9]
This article is part of a series on the politics and government of Catalonia |
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Deputation of the General or Generalitat (1359–1716)
Fourteenth century
Here follows a list of representatives of catalan institutions through the ages. The Presidents as such first appeared with the modern Generalitat in the 20th century.
- Berenguer de Cruïlles, Bishop of Girona (1359–1366)
- Romeu Sescomes, Bishop of Lleida (1363–1364)
- Ramon Gener (1364–1365)
- Bernat Vallès, canon of Barcelona (1365–1367)
- Romeu Sescomes, Bishop of Lleida (1375–1376)
- Joan I d'Empúries (1376)
- Guillem de Guimerà i d'Abella, Grand Prior of the Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem (1376–1377)
- Galceren de Besora i de Cartellà, almoner of Ripoll (1377–1378)
- Ramon Gener (1379–1380)
- Felip d'Anglesola, canon of Tarragona (1380)
- Pere de Santamans, canon of Tortosa (1381–1383)
- Arnau Descolomer, cleric from Girona (1384–1389)
- Miquel de Santjoan, canon of Girona (1389–1396)
- Alfons de Tous, canon of Barcelona (1396–1413)
Fifteenth century
- Alfons de Tous, canon of Barcelona (1396–1413)
- Marc de Vilalba, Abbot of Montserrat (1413–1416)
- Andreu Bertran, Bishop of Barcelona (1416–1419)
- Joan Desgarrigues, Commendatory abbot of Masdéu (1419–1422)
- Dalmau de Cartellà, Abbot of Ripoll (1422–1425)
- Felip de Malla, canon of Barcelona (1425–1428)
- Domènec Ram, Bishop of Lleida (1428–1431)
- Marc de Vilalba, Abbot of Montserrat (1431–1434)
- Pere de Palou, canon of Barcelona (1434–1437)
- Pere de Darnius, chief sacristan of Girona (1437–1440)
- Antoni d'Avinyó i de Moles, Abbot of Montserrat (1440–1443)
- Jaume de Cardona i de Gandia, canon of Barcelona (1443–1446)
- Pero Ximénez de Urrea, Archbishop of Tarragona (1446–1449)
- Bertran Samasó, Abbot of Ripoll (1449–1452)
- Bernat Guillem Samasó, Abbot of Àger (1452–1455)
- Nicolau Pujades, archdeacon of Barcelona (1455–1458)
- Antoni-Pere Ferrer, Abbot of Montserrat (1458–1461)
- Manuel de Montsuar, canon of Lleida (1461–1464)
- Francesc Colom, archdeacon of the Vallès (1464–1467)
- Ponç Andreu de Vilar, Abbot of Ripoll (1467–1470)
- Miquel Samsó, Abbot of Breda (1470–1473)
- Joan Maurici de Ribes, Abbot of Santa Maria de la Real of Perpignan (Perpinyà) (1473–1476)
- Miquel Delgado, Abbot of Poblet (1476–1478)
- Pere Joan Llobera, sacristan of Sant Joan de les Abadesses (1478–1479)
- Berenguer de Sos, deacon of Barcelona (1479–1482)
- Pere de Cardona, Bishop of Urgell (1482–1485)
- Ponç Andreu de Vilar, Abbot of Ripoll (1485–1488)
- Juan Payo Coello, Abbot of Poblet (1488–1491)
- Joan de Peralta, Abbot of Montserrat (1491–1494)
- Francí Vicenç, prior of Tarragona (1494–1497)
- Pedro de Mendoza, Abbot of Santes Creus (1497–1500)
Sixteenth century
- Alfons d'Aragó, Bishop of Tortosa (1500–1503)
- Ferrer Nicolau de Gualbes i Desvalls, canon of Barcelona (1503–1504)
- Gonzalo Fernández de Heredia, Archbishop of Tarragona (1504–1506)
- Lluís Desplà i d'Oms, canon of Barcelona (1506–1509)
- Jordi Sanç, provost (paborde) of Valencia (1509–1512)
- Joan d'Aragó, castellan of Amposta (1512–1514)
- Jaume Fiella (1514–1515)
- Esteve de Garret, archdeacon of Tortosa (1515–1518)
- Bernat de Corbera, archdeacon of Tarragona (1518–1521)
- Joan Margarit i de Requesens, archdeacon of Girona (1521–1524)
- Lluís de Cardona i Enríquez, Abbot of Solsona (1524–1527)
- Francesc de Solsona, canon of Lleida (1527–1530)
- Francesc Oliver i de Boteller, canon of Tortosa (1530–1533)
- Dionís de Carcassona, canon of Lleida (1533–1536)
- Joan Pasqual, canon of la Seu d'Urgell (1536–1539)
- Jeroni de Requesens i Roís de Liori (also known as Girolamo Doria), Archbishop of Tarragona (1539–1542)
- Miquel Puig, Commedatory abbot of Serrateix (1542–1545)
- Jaume Caçador, canon of Barcelona (1545–1548)
- Miquel d'Oms i de Sentmenat, canon of Elna (1548–1551)
- Onofre de Copons i de Vilafranca, cleric (1551–1552)
- Miquel de Ferrer i de Marimon (1552)
- Joan de Tormo (1552–1553)
- Miquel de Tormo (1553–1554)
- Francesc Jeroni Benet Franc, archdeacon of Barcelona (1554–1557)
- Pere Àngel Ferrer i Despuig, Abbot of Sant Cugat del Vallès (1557–1559)
- Ferran de Lloaces i Peres, canon of Elna (1559–1560)
- Miquel d'Oms i de Sentmenat, canon of Elna (1560–1563)
- Onofre Gomis (1563–1566)
- Francesc Giginta, Abbot of Amer (1566–1569)
- Benet de Tocco (also known as Marco Antoni di Tocco), Bishop of Vic (1569 1572)
- Jaume Cerveró, canon of Tortosa (1572–1575)
- Pere Oliver de Boteller i de Riquer, canon of Tortosa (1575–1578)
- Benet de Tocco (also known as Marco Antoni di Tocco), Bishop of Girona (1578–1581)
- Rafael d'Oms, archdeacon of Tarragona (1581–1584)
- Jaume Beuló, canon of Vic (1584)
- Pere Oliver de Boteller i de Riquer, canon of Tortosa (1584–1587)
- Martí Joan de Calders (1587)
- Francesc Oliver de Boteller, Abbot of Poblet (1587–1588)
- Jaume Caçador i Claret, Bishop of Girona (1590–1593)
- Miquel d'Agullana, canon of Girona (1593–1596)
- Francesc Oliver de Boteller, Abbot of Poblet (1596–1598)
- Francesc Oliveres (1598–1599)
- Jaume Cordelles i Oms, canon of Barcelona (1599–1602)
Seventeenth century
- Jaume Cordelles i Oms, canon of Barcelona (1599–1602)
- Bernat de Cardona i de Queralt, Abbot of Cuixà (1602–1605)
- Pere Pau Caçador i d'Aguilar-Dusai, canon of Barcelona (1605–1608)
- Onofre d'Alentorn i de Botella, canon of Lleida (1608–1611)
- Francesc de Sentjust i de Castre, Abbot of Arles (1611–1614)
- Ramon d'Olmera i d'Alemany, commander of the Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem (1614–1616)
- Miquel d'Aimeric (1616–1617)
- Lluís de Tena, Bishop of Tortosa (1617–1620)
- Benet Fontanella, Abbot of Besalú (1620–1623)
- Pere de Magarola i Fontanet, Bishop of Elna (1623–1626)
- Francesc Morillo, Archdeacon of la Seu d'Urgell (1626–1629)
- Pere Antoni Serra, Bishop of Lleida (1629–1632)
- Esteve Salacruz Abbot of Sant Pere de Galligants (1632)
- García Gil Manrique, Bishop of Girona (1632–1635)
- Miquel d'Alentorn i de Salbà, Abbot of Amer (1635–1638)
- Pau Claris i Casademunt, archdeacon of la Seu d'Urgell (1638–1641)
- Josep Soler (1641)
- Bernat de Cardona i de Raset, archdeacon of Girona (1641–1644)
- Gispert d'Amat i Desbosc de Sant Vincenç,Abbot of Sant Pere de Galligants (1644–1647)
- Andreu Pont, Abbot of Amer (1647–50)
- Pau del Rosso, deacon of Barcelona (1650–1654)
- Francesc Pijoan (1654–1656)
- Josep Jeroni Besora, deacon of Barcelona (1656–1659)
- Pau d'Àger, canon of Lleida (1659–1662)
- Jaume de Copons i de Tamarit, canon of la Seu d'Urgell (1662–1665)
- Josep de Magarola i de Grau, Abbot of Camprodon (1665–1668)
- Joan Pagès i Vallgornera, canon (1668–1671)
- Josep de Camporells i de Sabater, canon of la Seu d'Urgell (1671–1674)
- Esteve Mercadal i Dou, archdeacon of Vic (1674–1677)
- Alfonso de Sotomayor, Bishop of Barcelona (1677–1680)
- Josep Sastre i Prats, Abbot of Sant Pau de Camp (1680–1683)
- Baltasar de Muntaner i de Sacosta, provost (paborde) of Berga (1683–1686)
- Antoni de Saiol i de Quarteroni, canon of Barcelona (1686–1689)
- Benet Ignasi de Salazar, Bishop of Barcelona (1689–1692)
- Antoni de Planella i de Cruïlles, Abbot of Besalú (1692–1695)
- Rafael de Pinyana i Galvany, canon of Tortosa (1695–1698)
- Climent de Solanell i de Foix, almoner of Àger (1698–1701)
Eighteenth century
- Climent de Solanell i de Foix, almoner of Àger (1698–1701)
- Josep Antoni Valls i Pandutxo (1701)
- Antoni de Planella i de Cruïlles, Abbot of Besalu (1701–1704)
- Francesc de Valls i Freixa (1704–1705)
- Josep Grau, deacon of Solsona (1705–1707)
- Manuel de Copons i d'Esquerrer, of Santa Maria de Banyoles (1707–1710)
- Francesc Antoni de Solanell i de Montella, Abbot of Sant Pere de Galligants (1710–1713)
- Josep de Vilamala, sacristan of Sant Esteve de Banyoles (1713–1716)
Modern Generalitat (1931–present)
Second Republic and exile (1931–1977)
Governments:
Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Party | Government | Election | President (Tenure) |
Ref. | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Duration | Cabinet name | Composition | |||||||
Francesc Macià (1859–1933) |
14 April 1931 |
14 December 1932 |
2 years and 255 days | ERC | Macià I | Provisional ERC • USC • UGT • PRR • PCR |
N/A | President Niceto Alcalá-Zamora (1931–1936) |
|||
14 December 1932 |
25 December 1933 |
Macià II | ERC | 1932 | |||||||
Lluís Companys (1882–1940) |
25 December 1933 |
31 July 1936 |
6 years and 295 days | ERC | Companys I | ERC • USC • ACR • PNRE | |||||
President Manuel Azaña (1936–1939) | |||||||||||
31 July 1936 |
15 October 1940 (assassinated) |
Companys II | War ERC • PSUC • UR • UGT • ACR • CNT from Sep 1936 | ||||||||
Josep Irla (1874–1958) |
15 October 1940 |
7 August 1954 |
13 years and 235 days | ERC | None | In exile | N/A | Spanish Republican government in exile (1939–1977) |
|||
Josep Tarradellas (1899–1988) |
7 August 1954 |
18 October 1977 |
23 years and 72 days | ERC |
Restored autonomy (1977–present)
Governments:
- CiU
- Tripartite
- CDC
- Junts pel Sí
- Mixed coalition
Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Party | Government | Election | Monarch (Reign) |
Ref. | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Duration | Cabinet name | Composition | |||||||
Josep Tarradellas (1899–1988) |
18 October 1977 |
29 April 1980 |
2 years and 194 days | ERC | Tarradellas | Provisional PSC • ERC • PSUC • CDC • UCD |
N/A | King Juan Carlos I (1975–2014) |
[10] [11] | ||
Jordi Pujol (born 1930) |
29 April 1980 |
13 June 1984 |
23 years and 233 days | CDC | Pujol I | CDC • UDC (minority government supp. by CC–UCD and ERC) |
1980 | [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] | |||
13 June 1984 |
1 July 1988 |
Pujol II | CDC • UDC • ERC until Feb 1987 |
1984 | |||||||
1 July 1988 |
13 April 1992 |
Pujol III | 1988 | ||||||||
13 April 1992 |
21 December 1995 |
Pujol IV | 1992 | ||||||||
21 December 1995 |
24 November 1999 |
Pujol V | CDC • UDC (minority government supp. by PP 1999–2003) |
1995 | |||||||
24 November 1999 |
18 December 2003 |
Pujol VI | 1999 | ||||||||
Pasqual Maragall (born 1941) |
18 December 2003 |
28 November 2006 |
2 years and 345 days | PSC | Maragall | Tripartite PSC • ERC • ICV |
2003 | [19] [20] | |||
PSC • ICV (minority government) | |||||||||||
José Montilla (born 1955) |
28 November 2006 |
27 December 2010 |
4 years and 29 days | PSC | Montilla | Tripartite PSC • ERC • ICV |
2006 | [21] [22] | |||
Artur Mas (born 1956) |
27 December 2010 |
24 December 2012 |
5 years and 16 days | CDC | Mas I | CDC • UDC (minority government supp. by ERC 2012–2015) |
2010 | [23] [24] [25] | |||
24 December 2012 |
12 January 2016 |
Mas II | 2012 | ||||||||
King Felipe VI (2014–present) | |||||||||||
CDC (minority government supp. by ERC and DC) | |||||||||||
Carles Puigdemont (born 1962) |
12 January 2016 |
28 October 2017 (removed) |
1 year and 289 days | CDC | Puigdemont | Junts pel Sí CDC/PDeCAT • ERC (minority government supp. by CUP) |
2015 | [26] [27] | |||
PDeCAT | |||||||||||
During this interval, the office was suspended. | Direct rule over Catalonia | N/A | [27] | ||||||||
Quim Torra (born 1962) |
16 May 2018 |
28 September 2020 (disqualified) |
2 years and 135 days | Independent | Torra | JxCat/Junts • ERC • PDeCAT until Sep 2020 (minority government) |
2017 | [28] [29] | |||
During this interval, Vice President Pere Aragonès served as acting officeholder. |
Timeline
Controversies
Some historians, like Jaume Guillamet, from Pompeu Fabra University, or José Luis Corral, from Zaragoza University, do not consider the medieval Generalitat to be comparable with the contemporary Generalitat. According to them, the Contemporary Generalitat was created within the framework of the Second Spanish Republic (1931–1939), and the current Generalitat is the result of the exercise of self-government of Catalonia within the framework of Spanish democracy. From their perspective, there would only be 10 presidents of the Generalitat: Macià, Companys, Irla, Tarradellas, Pujol, Maragall, Montilla, Mas, Puigdemont and Torra.[30]
In 2015, one Historian wrote an opinion article defending a list of 16 presidents until Artur Mas. What would give a total of 18 presidents counting up to the current president Torra.[31]
In 2018, the association "Historiadors de Catalunya", a Spanish nationalist group, also proposed a list of 10 presidents, but substituting Josep Irla for Francisco Jiménez Arenas: Macià, Companys, Francisco Jiménez Arenas, Tarradellas, Pujol, Maragall, Montilla, Mas, Puigdemont and Torra.[32]
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Presidents of Catalonia. |
- "The 131 President of the Generalitat". Government of Catalonia.
- Els presidents de la Generalitat de Catalunya. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat. December 1982.
- Gordo-Guarinos, Francesc (June 2000). De Berenguer de Cruïlles a Jordi Pujol: els 125 presidents de la Generalitat de Catalunya. Lleida: Pagès Editors. ISBN 84-7935-703-7.
- Duran, Lluís (2001). A les Corts de Cervera el 1359: Berenguer de Cruïlles, primer president de la Generalitat. Lleida: Generalitat de Catalunya.
- Solé i Sabater, Josep Maria. "Història de la Generalitat de Catalunya i dels seus presidents". Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
- Sobrequés i Callicó, Jaume; Villarroya, Joan; Serra i Puig, Eva (2011). Història de la Generalitat de Catalunya. Dels orígens medievals a l'actualitat. 650 anys. ISBN 978-84-393-8750-3.
- Matas, Jaume; Galofré, Jordi (1992). Historia de Catalunya (in Spanish). Grupo Z, El Periódico. p. 95.
- Solé i Sabaté, Josep Maria. "Presidències i presidents de la Generalitat de Catalunya" (PDF). Generalitat de Catalunya. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-07-09.
La relació cronològica adjunta recull, per a les èpoques medieval i moderna, els noms dels diputats que, per raó del seu rang, tingueren preeminència protocol·lària per damunt dels altres diputats, fet que amb freqüència els dugué a presidir els actes i a encapçalar els documents de la Diputació del General. Per aquesta causa es tracta sempre de diputats del Braç Eclesiàstic, a excepció del cas de Joan I d'Empúries —diputat del Braç Militar—, sobre el qual recaigué la preeminència pel fet de pertànyer a la família reial. The accompanying chronological list includes, for the medieval and modern periods, the names of the Members who, due to their rank, had a pre-eminent protocol over the other Members, which often led them to preside over the acts and to lead the documents of the Diputació del General. For this reason, it is always the deputies of the Ecclesiastical Arm, except for the case of John I of Empúries - deputy of the Military Arm -, on which the preeminence fell due to belonging to the royal family.
- "History of the Government of Catalonia". Generalitat de Catalunya.
- "Real Decreto 2596/1977, de 17 de octubre, por el que se nombra a don Josep Tarradellas Joan Presidente de la Generalidad de Cataluña" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (249): 22835. 18 October 1977. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "Real Decreto 774/1980, de 28 de abril, por el que dispone el cese en sus funciones como Presidente de la Generalidad de Cataluña de don Josep Tarradellas Joan" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (103): 9250. 29 April 1980. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "Real Decreto 775/1980, de 28 de abril, por el que se nombra Presidente de la Generalidad de Cataluña a don Jordi Pujol i Soley" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (103): 9250. 29 April 1980. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "Real Decreto 1117/1984, de 12 de junio, por el que se nombra Presidente de la Generalidad de Cataluña a don Jordi Pujol i Soley" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (141): 17196. 13 June 1984. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "Real Decreto 674/1988, de 29 de junio, por el que se nombra Presidente de la Generalidad de Cataluña a don Jordi Pujol i Soley" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (157): 20519. 1 July 1988. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "Real Decreto 361/1992, de 10 de abril, por el que se nombra Presidente de la Generalidad de Cataluña a don Jordi Pujol i Soley" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (89): 12545. 13 April 1992. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "Real Decreto 2022/1995, de 20 de diciembre, por el que se nombra Presidente de la Generalidad de Cataluña a don Jordi Pujol i Soley" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (304): 36613. 21 December 1995. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "Real Decreto 1784/1999, de 23 de noviembre, por el que se nombra Presidente de la Generalidad de Cataluña a don Jordi Pujol i Soley" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (281): 40730. 24 November 1999. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "Real Decreto 1737/2003, de 17 de diciembre, por el que se declara el cese de don Jordi Pujol i Soley como Presidente de la Generalidad de Cataluña" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (302): 45080. 18 December 2003. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "Real Decreto 1738/2003, de 17 de diciembre, por el que se nombra Presidente de la Generalidad de Cataluña a don Pasqual Maragall i Mira" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (302): 45080. 18 December 2003. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "Real Decreto 1402/2006, de 27 de noviembre, por el que se declara el cese de don Pasqual Maragall i Mira como Presidente de la Generalitat de Cataluña" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (284): 41640. 28 November 2006. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "Real Decreto 1403/2006, de 27 de noviembre, por el que se nombra Presidente de la Generalitat de Cataluña a don José Montilla Aguilera" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (284): 41640. 28 November 2006. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "Real Decreto 1776/2010, de 24 de diciembre, por el que se declara el cese de don José Montilla Aguilera como Presidente de la Generalitat de Cataluña" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (314): 107284. 27 December 2010. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "Real Decreto 1777/2010, de 24 de diciembre, por el que se nombra Presidente de la Generalitat de Cataluña a don Artur Mas i Gavarró" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (314): 107285. 27 December 2010. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "Real Decreto 1713/2012, de 21 de diciembre, por el que se nombra Presidente de la Generalitat de Cataluña a don Artur Mas i Gavarró" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (308): 87304. 24 December 2012. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "Real Decreto 12/2016, de 11 de enero, por el que se declara el cese de don Artur Mas i Gavarró como Presidente de la Generalitat de Cataluña" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (10): 1485. 12 January 2016. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "Real Decreto 13/2016, de 11 de enero, por el que se nombra Presidente de la Generalitat de Cataluña a don Carles Puigdemont i Casamajó" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (10): 1486. 12 January 2016. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "Real Decreto 942/2017, de 27 de octubre, por el que se dispone, en virtud de las medidas autorizadas con fecha 27 de octubre de 2017 por el Pleno del Senado respecto de la Generalitat de Cataluña en aplicación del artículo 155 de la Constitución, el cese del M.H. Sr. Presidente de la Generalitat de Cataluña, don Carles Puigdemont i Casamajó" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (261): 103562. 28 October 2017. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "Real Decreto 291/2018, de 15 de mayo, por el que se nombra Presidente de la Generalitat de Cataluña a don Joaquim Torra i Pla" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (119): 50791. 16 May 2018. ISSN 0212-033X.
- Solé Altimira, Oriol (28 September 2020). "El Supremo inhabilita a Torra por unanimidad y remata la legislatura catalana". eldiario.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 28 September 2020.
- Blanco, Patricia (20 May 2018). "La "mentira" de los 131 presidentes de la Generalitat". El País (in Spanish). Retrieved 2018-05-20.
- Coll, Joaquim (25 April 2015). "Artur Mas, el 'president' tse-tse".
- Tercero, D. (18 May 2018). "Historiadores catalanes acotan el número de presidentes de la Generalitat en diez, de Macià a Torra". ABC (in Spanish). Retrieved 2018-05-20.
External links
- Presidents of the Generalitat
- Història de Catalunya. Barcelona: El Periodico, 1992.