List of mountains of the Alps over 4000 metres

This list tabulates all of the 82 official mountain summits of 4,000 metres (13,123 ft) or more in height in the Alps, as defined by the International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation (UIAA).[1] All are located within France, Italy or Switzerland, and are often referred to by mountaineers as the Alpine four-thousanders.[2][3] A further table of 46 subsidiary mountain points which did not met the UIAA's selection criteria is also included.[4]

1 Mont Blanc, 2 Piz Bernina, 3 Barre des Écrins, 4 Dufourspitze, 5 Finsteraarhorn, 6 Gran Paradiso, 7 Grand Combin, 8 Dom, 9 Matterhorn, 10 Aletschhorn, 11 Weisshorn, 12 Weissmies

The official UIAA list of 82 mountain summits, titled in English as 'The 4000ers of the Alps' was first published in 1994. They were selected primarily on a prominence of at least 30 metres (98 ft)) above the highest adjacent col or pass. Additional criteria were used to deselect or include some points, based on the mountain's overall morphology and mountaineering significance. (For example, the Grand Gendarme on the Weisshorn was excluded, despite meeting the prominence criterion as it was simply deemed part of that mountain's ridge.) A further 46 additional points of mountaineering significance, such as Pic Eccles, which did not meet the UIAA's primary selection criteria, were then included within an 'enlarged list'.[4]

For a list containing many of the independent mountains of the Alps (i.e. only those with a prominence greater than 300 metres (980 ft) and covering all countries, see List of prominent mountains of the Alps.

Another, less formal, list of 4000 metre alpine mountains, containing only independent peaks with a prominence of over 100m, and based on an earlier 1990s publications by Richard Goedeke, contains just 51 mountains.[5]

Official list

The table shows the 82 four-thousanders in the Alps that are recognised by the UIAA. They are located in Switzerland (48),[Note 1] Italy (38) and France (25).

Clicking the symbol at the head of the column sorts the table by that column’s data.

Nr.	Image	Summit	Height (m)	Range	Country	Isolation[6] (km)	Prominence[6] (m)	First ascent[7]	Easiest (normal) route to summit	Observations
1		Mont Blanc[Note 2]	4,809	Mont Blanc Group	France/ Italy [9]	2,812 Kjukjurtlju (RU)	4,697 near Lake Kubenskoye (RU) [Note 3]	8 August 1786 Jacques Balmat, Michel-Gabriel Paccard	Goûter Route (PD-/PD+)	Highest mountain of the Alps, border dispute France/Italy
2		Mont Blanc de Courmayeur	4,748	Mont Blanc Group	France[10]/ Italy [11][12][9]	0.6 Mont Blanc	18 Col Major	18 August 1822 F. Clissold, J. M. Couttet and five guides[13][14]	Goûter Route (PD-/PD+) extension from summit of Mont Blanc	Fore-summit of Mont Blanc, border dispute France/Italy
3		Dufourspitze	4,634	Monte Rosa Massif	Switzerland	78.3 Mont Blanc de Courmayeur	2,165 Grosser Sankt Bernhard	1 August 1855 Charles Hudson and 7 companions	From Monte Rosa Hut via Monte Rosa glacier (III, 40°, AD-)	Highest peak of the Monte Rosa Massif, highest peak of the Alps outside of the Mont Blanc Massif
4		Nordend	4,609	Monte Rosa Massif	Italy/ Switzerland	0.6 Grenzgipfel	94 Silbersattel	26 August 1861 Edward N. Buxton, T.F. Buxton, John J. Cowell, Michel-Clément Payot, Binder	From Monte Rosa Hut via Silbersattel (II, PD)
5		Zumsteinspitze	4,563	Monte Rosa Massif	Italy/ Switzerland	0.5 Grenzgipfel	110 Grenzsattel	1 August 1820 Joseph Zumstein, Joseph Vincent and Johann Niklaus Vincent and others	From Gnifetti Hut (Italian side) via Lys glacier or Monte Rosa Hut (Swiss side) via Grenz glacier to Lys Col and then along the Western flank and SE ridge to the summit (I, PD)
6		Signalkuppe	4,554	Monte Rosa Massif	Italy/ Switzerland	0.7 Zumsteinspitze	102 Colle Gnifetti	9 August 1842 Giovanni Gnifetti and 7 companions		Highest mountain hut and building in Europe, Capanna Regina Margherita, at 4,554 m.
7		Dom	4,545	Mischabel Group	Switzerland	16.9 Nordend	1,046 Neues Weisstor	11 September 1858 John Llewelyn Davies, Johann Zumtaugwald, Johann Kronig, Hieronymous Brantschen	From Domhütte via Northern flank to the summit (PD)	Highest peak located entirely within Switzerland
8		Lyskamm (Eastern Summit)	4,533	Wallis Alps	Italy/ Switzerland	2.9 Zumsteinspitze	381 Lisjoch	19 August 1861 by 14 mountaineers	From Gnifetti Hut via Lys glacier, Lys Col (Lisjoch) and East Ridge to the (Eastern) summit (II, AD)	Western summit (4479 m)
9		Weisshorn	4,505	Wallis Alps	Switzerland	11.1 Dom	1,235 Furggjoch	19 August 1861 John Tyndall, Johann Joseph Brennen, Ulrich Wenger	East ridge from Weisshornhütte (III, AD)
10		Täschhorn	4,491	Mischabel Group	Switzerland	1.2 Dom	210 Domjoch	30 July 1862 John Llewelyn Davies], J.W. Hayward, Peter-Josef Summermatter, Stefan, Johann Zumtaugwald
11		Lyskamm (Western Summit)	4,479	Wallis Alps	Italy/ Switzerland	1.1 Lyskamm Eastern Summit	62 Col to the Eastern Summit	19 August 1861 William E. Hall and 13 companions
12		Matterhorn	4,478	Wallis Alps	Italy/ Switzerland	13.9 Lyskamm Western Summit	1,040 Col Durand	14 July 1865 Croz, Taugwalder, Whymper, Hudson, Douglas and Hadow
13		Picco Luigi Amedeo	4,469	Mont Blanc Group	Italy	0.7 Mont Blanc de Courmayeur	54 Col to Mont Blanc de Courmayeur	20 July 1901 G.B. and G.F. Gugliermina, Joseph Brocherel
14		Mont Maudit	4,465	Mont Blanc Group	France/ Italy	1.9 Mont Blanc	162 Col de la Brenva	12 September 1878 Henry S. King, William E. Davidson, Johann Jaun, Johann von Bergen
15		Parrotspitze	4,432	Monte Rosa Massif	Italy/ Switzerland	0.9 Signalkuppe	136 Seserjoch	16 August 1863 Florence Crauford Grove, Melchior Anderegg and 4 companions
16		Dent Blanche	4,357	Wallis Alps	Switzerland	7.4 Matterhorn	895 Col d'Herens	18 July 1862 Thomas S. Kennedy, William and C. Wigram mit Jean-Baptiste Croz, Johann Kronig
17		Ludwigshöhe	4,341	Monte Rosa Massif	Italy/ Switzerland	0.7 Parrotspitze	58 Fiodejoch	25 August 1822 Ludwig von Welden and companions
18		Nadelhorn	4,327	Mischabel Group	Switzerland	1.7 Dom	206 Lenzjoch	16 September 1858 Franz Andenmatten, Baptiste Epiney, Aloys Supersaxo, Joseph Zimmermann
19		Schwarzhorn (Corno Nero)	4,322	Monte Rosa Massif	Italy	0.3 Ludwigshöhe	42 col with the Ludwigshöhe	18 August 1873 Marco Maglionini, Albert de Rothschild, Eduard Cupelin mit Peter and Nikolaus Knubel
20		Combin de Grafeneire	4,314	Grand Combin	Switzerland	26.5 Dent Blanche	1,517 Fenêtre de Durand	20 July 1857 Jouvence Bruchez, Benjamin, Maurice Felley
21		Dôme du Goûter	4,304	Mont Blanc Group	France Italy	2.0 Mont Blanc	58 Col du Dôme	17 September 1784 Jean-Marie Couttet, François Cuidet
22		Lenzspitze	4,294	Mischabel Group	Switzerland	0.5 Nadelhorn	86 Nadeljoch	1870 Clinton Thomas Dent, Alexander and Franz Burgener
23		Finsteraarhorn	4,274	Bernese Alps	Switzerland	51.7 Nadelhorn	2,280 west of the Simplon Pass	16 August 1812 Arnold Abbühl, Joseph Bortis, Alois Volker
24		Mont Blanc du Tacul	4,248	Mont Blanc Group	France	1.4 Mont Maudit	213 Col Maudit	31 July 1855 J-M Chabot, P-J Mochet, J-M Perrod and James H. Ramsay[15]
25		Grand Pilier d’Angle	4,243	Mont Blanc Group	Italy	0.7 Mont Blanc de Courmayeur	35 Col to the Mont Blanc de Courmayeur	3 August 1957 Walter Bonatti, Toni Gobbi[16]
26		Stecknadelhorn	4,241	Mischabel Group	Switzerland	0.5 Nadelhorn	30 Stecknadeljoch	8 August 1887 Oscar Eckenstein, Matthias Zurbriggen
27		Castor	4,223	Wallis Alps	Italy/ Switzerland	2.4 Lyskamm Western Summit	165 Felikjoch	23 August 1861 William Mathews, F.W. Jacomb, Michel Croz
28		Zinalrothorn	4,221	Wallis Alps	Switzerland	4.5 Weisshorn	490 Hohlicht Pass	22 August 1864 Florence Crauford Grove, Leslie Stephen, Jakob and Melchior Anderegg
29		Hohberghorn	4,219	Mischabel Group	Switzerland	0.4 Stecknadelhorn	75 Hohbergjoch	August 1869 R. B. Heathcote, Franz Biner, Peter Perren, Peter Taugwalder
30		Vincent Pyramid	4,215	Monte Rosa Massif	Italy	0.7 Schwarzhorn (Corno Nero)	128 Col to the Schwarzhorn	5 August 1819 Johann Nikolaus Vincent, three unknown companions
31		Grandes Jorasses (Pointe Walker)	4,208	Mont Blanc Group	France/ Italy	7.9 Mont Blanc du Tacul	843 Col du Géant	30 June 1868 Horace Walker, Melchior Anderegg, J. Jaun, J. Grange
32		Alphubel	4,206	Mischabel Group	Switzerland	2.3 Täschhorn	355 Mischabeljoch	9 August 1860 T .W. Hinchliff, Leslie Stephen, Melchior Anderegg, Peter Perren
33		Rimpfischhorn	4,199	Mischabel Group	Switzerland	4.7 Alphubel	635 Allalin Pass	9 September 1859 Leslie Stephen, Robert Liveing, Melchior Anderegg, Johann Zumtaugwald
34		Aletschhorn	4,193	Bernese Alps	Switzerland	13.5 Finsteraarhorn	1,017 Lötschenlücke	18 June 1859 Francis F. Tuckett, Johann Joseph Bennen, Peter Bohren, V. Tairraz
35		Strahlhorn	4,190	Mischabel Group	Switzerland	1.8 Rimpfischhorn	401 Alder Pass	15 August 1854 Edmund J. Grenville, Christopher Smyth, Franz-Josef Andenmatten, Ulrich Lauener
36		Combin de Valsorey	4,183	Grand Combin	Switzerland	0.5 Combin de Grafeneire	57 Col to the Combin de Grafeneire
37		Grandes Jorasses (Pointe Whymper)	4,184	Mont Blanc Group	France/ Italy	0.2 Pointe Walker	51[17] col with the Pointe Walker	24. June 1865 Edward Whymper, Michel Croz, Christian Almer, F. Biner
38		Dent d’Hérens	4,171	Wallis Alps	Italy/ Switzerland	4.2 Matterhorn	692 Colle Tournanche	12 August 1863 Florence Crauford Grove, Melchior Anderegg and 5 companions
39		Breithorn (Western Summit)	4,164	Wallis Alps	Italy/ Switzerland	4.2 Castor	433 Schwarztor	13 August 1813 Henri Maynard, Joseph-Marie Couttet, Jean Gras, Jean-Baptiste and Jean-Jacques Erin
40		Breithorn (Central Summit)	4,159	Wallis Alps	Italy/ Switzerland	0.7 Breithorn (Western Summit)	82 Col to the (Western Summit)	13 August 1813 Henri Maynard, Joseph-Marie Couttet, Jean Gras, Jean-Baptiste and Jean-Jacques Erin
41		Jungfrau	4,158	Bernese Alps	Switzerland	8.3 Aletschhorn	687 Jungfraujoch	3 August 1811 Johann Rudolf, Hieronymus Meyer, Alois Volker, Joseph Bortis
42		Bishorn	4,153	Wallis Alps	Switzerland	0.8 Weisshorn	95 Weisshornjoch	18 August 1884 G. S. Barnes, R. Chessyre-Walker, Joseph Imboden, J. M. Chanton
43		Eastern Breithorn (Eastern Summit/ western Twin Peak)	4,139	Wallis Alps	Italy/ Switzerland	0.8 Breithorn (Central Summit)	117 Selle
44		Combin de la Tsessette	4,134	Grand Combin	Switzerland	0.9 Combin de Grafeneire	52 Col to the Combin de Grafeneire
45		Aiguille Verte	4,122	Mont Blanc Group	France	7.2 Grandes Jorasses	688 Col de l’Eboulement	29 June 1865 Edward Whymper, Christian Almer, Franz Biner
46		Aiguilles du Diable (L’Isolée)	4,114	Mont Blanc Group	France	0.2 Mont Blanc du Tacul	36[17] Col to Mont Blanc du Tacul	1925[18] Antoine Blanchet, Armand Charlet
47		Aiguille Blanche de Peuterey	4,112	Mont Blanc Group	Italy	1.0 Mont Blanc	178 Col de Peuterey	31 July 1885 Henry S. King, Emile Rey, Ambros Supersaxo, Aloys Anthamatten
48		Grandes Jorasses (Pointe Croz)	4,110	Mont Blanc Group	France/ Italy	0.4 Pointe Whymper	10[17] col with Pointe Walker
49		Aiguilles du Diable (Pointe Carmen)	4,109	Mont Blanc Group	France	0.2 L'Isolée	36[17] col with L'Isolée	1923[18] Brégault, Chevalier, De Lépiney
50		Mönch	4,107	Bernese Alps	Switzerland	3.5 Jungfrau	578 Unteres Mönchsjoch	15 August 1857 Sigismund Porges, Christian Almer, Christian and Ulrich Kaufmann
51		Breithorn (Gendarm/ eastern Twin Peak)	4,106	Wallis Alps	Italy/ Switzerland	0.3 Breithorn (eastern Twin Peak)	36[17] Col to western Twin Peak
52		Grande Rocheuse	4,102	Mont Blanc Group	France	0.3 Aiguille Verte	52[17] col with the Aiguille Verte	17 September 1865 Robert Fowler, Michel Ducroz, Michel Balmat
53		Barre des Écrins	4,102	Pelvoux	France	107.3 Picco Luigi Amedeo	2,043 Col du Lautaret	25 June 1864 Edward Whymper, Horace Walker, Adolphus W. Moore, Christian Almer, Michel Croz
54		Aiguilles du Diable (Pointe Médiane)	4,097	Mont Blanc Group	France	0.2 Pointe Carmen	40[17] col with the Carmen	1925[18] Antoine Blanchet, Jean Chaubert, Armand Charlet, Devouassoud
55		Pollux	4,092	Wallis Alps	Italy/ Switzerland	0.7 Castor	247 Zwillingsjoch	1 August 1864 Jules Jacot, Josef-Marie Perren, Peter Taugwalder sen.
56		Schreckhorn	4,078	Bernese Alps	Switzerland	5.9 Finsteraarhorn	788 Finsteraarjoch	1 August 1864 Leslie Stephen, Ulrich Kaufmann, Peter and Christian Michel
57		Breithorn (Roccia Nera)	4,075	Wallis Alps	Italy/ Switzerland	0.4 Zwilling-Ost	30[17] Col to the Zwilling East
58		Aiguilles du Diable (Pointe Chaubert)	4,074	Mont Blanc Group	France	0.2 Pointe Médiane	57[17] Col to the Médiane	1925[18] Jean Chaubert, Armand Charlet
59		Mont Brouillard	4,069	Mont Blanc Group	France	0.2 Picco Luigi Amedeo	39 Col Emile Rey	1906 Karl Blodig, Oscar Eckenstein, Alessio Brocherel
60		Grandes Jorasses (Pointe Marguerite)	4,065	Mont Blanc Group	France/ Italy	0.2 Pointe Croz	50[17] col with Pointe Croz
61		Aiguilles du Diable (Corne du Diable)	4,064	Mont Blanc Group	France	0.2 Pointe Chaubert	19[17] Col to the Chaubert	1925[18] Jean Chaubert, Armand Charlet
62		Ober Gabelhorn	4,063	Wallis Alps	Switzerland	3.1 Zinalrothorn	536 Triftjoch	6 July 1865 Horace Walker, Adolphus W. Moore, Jakob Anderegg
63		Gran Paradiso	4,061	Graian Alps	Italy	45.1 Grandes Jorasses	1,879 Nahe Kleiner Sankt Bernhard	4. September 1860 John J. Cowell, W. Dundas, Jean Tairraz, Michel-Clément Payot
64		Aiguille de Bionnassay	4,052	Mont Blanc Group	France/ Italy	1.8 Dôme du Goûter	164 Col de Bionnassay	28 July 1865 E.N. Buxton, F.C. Grove, R.J.S. Macdonald, Michel Payot, Jean-Pierre Cachat
65		Piz Bernina	4,049	Bernina Group	Switzerland	138 Finsteraarhorn	2,234 Maloja Pass	13 September 1850 Johann Coaz, Jon and Lorenz Ragut Tscharner
66		Gross Fiescherhorn	4,049	Bernese Alps	Switzerland	4.7 Mönch	364 Fiescherjoch	23 July 1862 Adolphus W. Moore, H. B. George, Ulrich Kaufmann, Christian Almer
67		Vincent Pyramid (Punta Giordani/Giordanispetz)	4,046	Monte Rosa Massif	Italy	0.1 Vincent Pyramid	6 col with the Vincent Pyramid	23 July 1801 Pietro Giordani [19]
68		Grandes Jorasses (Pointe Elena)	4,045	Mont Blanc Group	France/ Italy	0.2 Pointe Marguerite	10[17] col with Pointe Marguerite
69		Grünhorn	4,044	Bernese Alps	Switzerland	2.5 Gross Fiescherhorn	305 Kleine Grünhornlücke	7 August 1865 Edmund von Fellenberg, Peter Michel, Peter Egger, Peter Inäbnit
70		Lauteraarhorn	4,042	Bernese Alps	Switzerland	1.0 Gross Fiescherhorn	128 Schreckhorn Saddle	7 August 1865 Pierre Desor, Arnold Escher von der Linth, Christian Girard, Melchior Bannholzer, Jakob Leuthold
71		Aiguille du Jardin	4,035	Mont Blanc Group	France	0.2 Grande Rocheuse	37 col with the Rocheuse	1 August 1904 E. Fontaine, Jean Ravanel, Léon Tournier
72	Dürrenhorn	Dürrenhorn	4,035	Mischabel Group	Switzerland	0.8 Hohberghorn	123 Dürrenjoch	7 September 1879 Albert F. Mummery, William Penhall, Alexander Burgener, Ferdinand Imseng
73		Allalinhorn	4,027	Wallis Alps	Switzerland	2.1 Rimpfischhorn	255 Alphubeljoch	28 August 1856 Edward L. Ames, Johann Josef Imseng, Franz Josef Andenmatten
74		Hinter Fiescherhorn	4,025	Bernese Alps	Switzerland	0.7 Gross Fiescherhorn	102 Fiescher Saddle	28 July 1885 Eugen Guido Lammer, August Lorria
75		Weissmies	4,017	Wallis Alps	Switzerland	11.2 Lenzspitze	1,185 Mondelli Pass	Late August 1855 de:Jakob Christian Heusser, Peter Josef Zurbriggen
76		Dôme de Rochefort	4,015	Mont Blanc Group	France/ Italy	0.9 Pointe Marguerite	190 Col des Grandes Jorasses	12 August 1881 Alphonse Payot, Michel-Clément Payot, J. Eccles
77		Barre des Écrins (Dôme de Neige)	4,015	Pelvoux	France	0.2 Barre des Écrins	41 Brèche Lory
78		Dent du Géant	4,013	Mont Blanc Group	France/ Italy	1.2 Dôme de Rochefort	139 col with the Aiguille de Rochefort	28 July 1882 Jean-Joseph, Baptiste and Daniel Maquignaz ("Pointe Sella")[Note 4]
79		Punta Baretti	4,013	Mont Blanc Group	Italy	0.3 Mont Brouillard	56 Col to the Mont Brouillard	28 July 1880 Martino Baretti, Jean-Joseph Maquignaz
80		Lagginhorn	4,010	Wallis Alps	Switzerland	3.3 Weissmies	511 Lagginjoch	26 July 1856 Edward L. Ames, Johann Josef Imseng, Franz-Josef Andenmatten
81		Aiguille de Rochefort	4,001	Mont Blanc Group	France/ Italy	0.6 Dent du Géant	106 Col to the Dôme de Rochefort	14. August 1873 Alphonse Payot, Michel-Clément Payot, J. Eccles
82		Les Droites	4,000	Mont Blanc Group	France	0.7 Grande Rocheuse	204 Col de l’ Aiguille Verte	7 August 1876 Thomas Middlemore, John Oakley Maund, Henri Cordier, Johann Jaun, Andreas Maurer

Enlarged list

The following expandable table forms an extended list of 46 ‘lesser summits’ identified by the UIAA. These are either:

• secondary summits or gendarmes which satisfy the topographic criteria, but are part of other well-defined mountain summits already listed above,
• or have failed to meet the topographic criteria, but have been included through more subjective criteria (i.e. morphological or mountaineering significance).[4]

Name	Country	Height	Range
Rocher de la Tournette	France, Italy	4677 m	Mont Blanc Massif
Dunantspitze	Switzerland	4632 m	Monte Rosa Massif
Grenzgipfel	Italy, Switzerland	4618 m	Monte Rosa Massif
Les Bosses	France, Italy	4547 m	Mont Blanc Massif
La Grande Bosse	France, Italy	4513 m	Mont Blanc Massif
Monte Cervino Vetta Italiana/Sommet italien du mont Cervin	Italy, Switzerland	4476,4 m	Pennine Alps
Dom (Großer Gendarm)	Switzerland	4468 m	Pennine Alps
Aiguille de la Belle Etoile	Italy	4349 m	Mont Blanc Massif
Grand Gendarme (Weisshorn)	Switzerland	4331 m	Pennine Alps
Pointe Mieulet	France	4287 m	Mont Blanc Massif
Liskammnase	Italy, Switzerland	4272 m	Pennine Alps
Pointe Bayeux	France	4258 m	Mont Blanc Massif
Mont Blanc du Tacul (Punkt E)	France	4247 m	Mont Blanc Massif
Aiguille du Croissant	Switzerland	4243 m	Pennine Alps
Pic Tyndall	Italy, Switzerland	4241 m	Pennine Alps
Picco Muzio	Italy, Switzerland	4187 m	Pennine Alps
Entdeckungsfels (Roccia della Scoperta)	Switzerland	4178 m	Pennine Alps
Balmenhorn	Italy	4167 m	Pennine Alps
Alphubel south top	Switzerland	4166 m	Pennine Alps
Dent d'Hérens la Corne	Switzerland	4148 m	Pennine Alps
Pointe Burnaby	Switzerland	4135 m	Pennine Alps
Alphubel Nordostgipfel	Switzerland	4128 m	Pennine Alps
Alphubel Nordgipfel	Switzerland	4116 m	Pennine Alps
Rimpfischhorn (Großer Gendarm)	Switzerland	4108 m	Pennine Alps
Aiguille Blanche de Peuterey (Pointe SO)	Italy	4107 m	Mont Blanc Massif
Pointe de l'Androsace	France, Italy	4107 m	Mont Blanc Massif
Aiguille Blanche de Peuterey (Pointe NW)	Italy	4104 m	Mont Blanc Massif
Dent Blanche (Grand Gendarme)	Switzerland	4097 m	Pennine Alps
Felikhorn	Italy	4093 m	Pennine Alps
Lenzspitze Großer Gendarm	Switzerland	4091 m	Pennine Alps
Wengen Jungfrau	Switzerland	4089 m	Bernese Alps
Combin de la Tsessette gendarme (south-east)	Switzerland	4088 m	Pennine Alps
Pic Lory	France	4086 m	Dauphiné Alps
Dent d'Hérens Gendarme Crochu	Switzerland	4075 m	Pennine Alps
Pilier du Diable	France	4067 m	Mont Blanc Massif
Terzo pilastro del Col Maudit	France	4064 m	Pennine Alps
Pointe Bravais	France	4057 m	Mont Blanc Massif
Pic Eccles	Italy	4041 m	Mont Blanc Massif
Dent d'Hérens, L'Epaule	Italy, Switzerland	4040 m	Pennine Alps
Gendarme del Col Maudit	France	4032 m	Mont Blanc Massif
Il Roc	Italy	4026 m	Graian Alps
Pointe Eveline	France	4026 m	Mont Blanc Massif
Pointe Croux	France	4023 m	Mont Blanc Massif
La Spedla / Punta Perrucchetti	Italy, Switzerland	4020 m	Bernina Range
L'Epaule	Switzerland	4017 m	Pennine Alps
Piton des Italiens	France, Italy	4003 m	Mont Blanc Massif

Number of Alpine four-thousanders and distribution

Since no exact and formal definition of a 'mountain' exists, the number of 4000-metre summits is arbitrary. The topographic prominence is an important factor to decide the official nomination of a summit. The 'Official list' proposed by the UIAA is based not only on prominence but also on other criteria such as the morphology (general appearance) and mountaineering interest. Summits such as Punta Giordani or Mont Blanc de Courmayeur have much less than the 30 metres minimum prominence criterion but are included in the list because of the other criteria. In comparison, the official 14 eight-thousanders recognised by the UIAA have all a prominence of over 600 metres (despite a proposed expansion). A minimum prominence criterion of 300 metres[Note 5] would reduce the number of Alpine four-thousanders to only 29, whilst a prominence criterion of 100 metres would raise it to 49.[20]

The table below gives the number of four-thousanders as a function of their minimum prominence.

	Minimum prominence								UIAA list	Enlarged list	Karl Blodig list
Country / Range	2,000 metres (6,562 ft)	1,500 metres (4,921 ft) (Ultras)	1,000 metres (3,281 ft)	500 metres (1,640 ft)	300 metres (984 ft)	200 metres (656 ft)	100 metres (328 ft)	30 metres (98 ft)	-	-	-
Switzerland	3	4	9	17	24	28	37	46	48	71	41
Italy	1	2	3	5	7	8	20	31	38	60	25
France	2	2	2	4	4	6	11	20	25	41	13
Pennine	1	2	6	11	15	19	26	38	41	65	34
Mont Blanc	1	1	1	3	3	5	11	23	28	46	15
Bernese	1	1	2	5	7	7	9	9	9	10	9
Dauphiné	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	3	1
Bernina	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	1
Graian[21]	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	1
Total	5	7	12	22	29	35	51	73	82	128	61

See also

• Category:Alpine three-thousanders
• List of mountain lists – list of peak-bagging lists

Notes

1. Cantons of Valais (45), Bern (7) and Graubünden (1)
2. Mont Blanc's summit is an ice cap which varies in height from year to year. It is now accurately remeasured every two years. In 2017 it was measured at 4808.72 metres.[8]
3. This relates to Mount Elbrus in the Caucasus, the nearest, next-highest mountain, which can be reached by descending to this height (108 metres above the sea).
4. The 4 meter higher Pointe Graham was reached a month later, 20 August 1882, by William Woodman Graham guided by Auguste Cupelin and Alphonse Payot, using the fixed ropes of the first party
5. Such as the one used in List of prominent mountains of the Alps above 3000 m

References

1. "Mountain Classification – UIAA". Retrieved 21 October 2020.
2. Gorączko, Marcin (31 December 2018). "Easy four-thousanders in the Alps: between alpinism and mass tourism". doi:10.5281/zenodo.2144166. Retrieved 24 October 2020. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
3. "Liv Sansoz completes 82 x 4000m peaks in the Alps". PlanetMountain.com. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
4. "The 4000ers of the Alps: Official UIAA List" (PDF). UIAA-Bulletin (145). March 1994. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 March 2010.
5. "List of Alpine four-thousanders". Peakbagger.com.
6. "Peakbagger". Retrieved 27 May 2009.
7. "Alpsgipfel & Erstbesteiger". Retrieved 27 May 2009.
8. "4808,72m: Mont Blanc's new height!". chamonix.net. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
9. http://questions.assemblee-nationale.fr/q13/13-76121QE.htm
10. IGN Map of France (1986). St-Gervais-les-Bains - Mont Blanc (Sheet 3531 ed.). France.
11. http://www.lastampa.it/2015/09/13/societa/montagna/italia-contro-francia-la-guerra-del-monte-bianco-G0Vg6Iu08jkWxJ6qNvoCVJ/pagina.html
12. http://www.corriere.it/cronache/15_settembre_08/italia-francia-duello-confini-cima-monte-bianco-5e90588c-5608-11e5-b0d4-d84dfde2e290.shtml
13. Brown, T. G. and de Beer, G. The First Ascent of Mont Blanc, 1957, p. 14
14. Alpine Journal, vol. XXV, p. 620
15. Gottlieb Studer, Über Eis und Schnee, Vol 2., p. 15
16. "Chronik zur Mont Blanc-Region". Retrieved 26 May 2009.
17. Hartmut Bielefeldt. "Viertausender d Alps". Retrieved 26 May 2009.
18. ALPIN-Tourenbuch. "Hochtour: Mont Blanc Du Tacul". Retrieved 27 May 2009.
19. Gottlieb Studer, Über Eis und Schnee, Vol 2., p. 63
20. "Alpine 4000-meter Peaks". Peakbagger. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
21. Excluding the Mont Blanc Massif

Bibliography

• Dumler, Helmut and Willi P. Burkhardt, The High Mountains of the Alps, Diadem, 1994 (ISBN 0906371430)
• Goedeke, Richard, Alpine 4000m Peaks by the Classic Routes, (2nd ed.) Menasha Ridge Press, 1997 (ISBN 0897321111)
• McLewin, Will, In Monte Viso’s Horizon: Climbing All the Alpine 4000m Peaks, Ernest Press, 1991 (ISBN 0948153091)
• Moran, Martin, The 4000m Peaks of the Alps: Selected Climbs, Alpine Club, 2007 (ISBN 0900523662)
• Club 4000, Tutti i 4000 - L'aria sottile dell'alta quota, Vivalda Editori - CAI Torino, 2010 (ISBN 88-7480-135-1

External links

• UIAA: Mountain Classification