List of ichthyosaur type specimens

This list of ichthyosaur type specimens is a list of fossils serving as the official standard-bearers for inclusion in the species and genera of the reptile clade Ichthyosauromorpha (Hupehsuchia included). Type specimens are those which are definitionally members of biological taxa and additional specimens can only be "referred" to these taxa if an expert deems them sufficiently similar to the type.

The list
Species Genus Catalogue Number Institution Age Unit Country Notes Image

Acamptonectes densus[1]

Acamptonectes

GLAHM 132588 (holotype)

SNHM1284-R (paratype)

NHMUK R11185 (paratype)

 The Hunterian Museum, University of Glasgow, Glasgow; Staatliches Naturhistorisches Museum Braunschweig; Natural History Museum London Hauteravian
Skull roof bones of the Acamptonectes densus holotype: GLAHM 132588

Actiosaurus gaudryi

Actiosaurus

Aegirosaurus leptospondylus

Aegirosaurus

Arthropterygius chrisorum[2]

Arthropterygius

 CMN 40608 Canadian Museum of Nature (Ottawa, Canada) Oxfordian - Kimmeridgian Canada

Athabascasaurus bitumineus

Athabascasaurus

TMP 2000.29.01

Barracudasauroides panxianensis

Barracudasauroides

GMPKU-P-1033

 Geological Museum Peking University (Beijing, China)
Barracudasaurus maotaiensis[3] Barracudasaurus IVPP V 2468 Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (Beijing, China) Ladinian? exact age unclear, Middle Triassic

Besanosaurus leptorhyncus[4]

Besanosaurus

 BES SC 999 Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Milano (Milan, Italy) Anisian-Ladinian Grenzbitumenzone Besano FM Italy

Brachypterygius extremus

Brachypterygius

Californosaurus perrini

Californosaurus

Callawayia neoscapularis

Callawayia

Cartorhynchus lenticarpus[5]

Cartorhynchus

 AGM CH-628-16 Anhui Geological Museum (Hefei, China) Olenekian (Spathian) China

Caypullisaurus bonapartei

Caypullisaurus

Chacaicosaurus cayi

Chacaicosaurus

MOZ 5803
Chaohusaurus brevifemoralis[6] Chaohusaurus AGM AGB7401 (holotype)

GMPKU P-3086 (paratype)

AGB 7403 (paratype)

 Anhui Geological Museum (Hefei, China); Geological Museum Peking University (Beijing, China) Olenekian (Spathian) China previously placed under C. chaoxianensis
Chaohusaurus chaoxianensis[7] Choahusaurus AGM AGB2905 Anhui Geological Museum (Hefei, China) Olenekian (Spathian) China previously referred to genus Anhuisaurus and Chensaurus

Chaohusaurus geishanensis[7]

Chaohusaurus

IVPP V 4001

 Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (Beijing, China) Olenekian (Spathian) China
Eohupehsuchus brevicollis[8] Eohupehsuchus WGSC 26003 Wuhan Centre of Geological Survey China (Wuhan, China) Olenekian (Spathian) China
Eretmorhipis carrolldongi[9] Eretmorhipis WGSC 26020 Wuhan Centre of Geological Survey China (Wuhan, China) Olenekian (Spathian) China see referred specimens YAGM V 1401 and WGSC V 1601 for skull morphology
Guanlingsaurus liangae[10] Guanlingsaurus GMR 014 Geological Survey of Guizhou, Guiyang PRC (collection currently curated by the government of Guanling County Carnian
Guizhouichthyosaurus tangae[11] Guizhouichthyosaurus GMR 009 Geological Survey of Guizhou, Guiyang PRC (collection currently curated by the government of Guanling County Carnian? China

Hudsonelpidia brevirostris

Hudsonelpidia

ROM 44629
Hupehsuchus nanchangensis[12] Hupehsuchus IVPP V3232 Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (Beijing, China) Olenekian (Spathian) China
Mikadocephalus gracilirostris[13] Mikadocephalus GPIT 1793/1 Geologisches und Palaeontologisches Institut Tübingen (Tübingen, Germany) Anisian-Ladinian Grenzbitumenzone Besano FM Italy

Muiscasaurus catheti

Muiscasaurus

CIP-FCG-CBP-74[14]

Barremian-Aptian

Paja Formation

Colombia

Named after the Muisca
Nanchangosaurus suni[15] Nanchangosaurus GMC V636 Geological Museum of China, Beijing Olenekian (Spathian) China
Parahupehsuchus longus[16] Parahupehsuchus WGSC 26005 Wuhan Centre of Geological Survey China (Wuhan, China) Olenekian (Spathian) China

Phantomosaurus neubigi[17]

Phantomosaurus

BSP 1992 I 39

 Bayerische Staatssammlung fûr Palaeontologie (Munich, Germany) Anisian

Germany
Platypterygius longmani[18] Platypterygius QM F2453 Queensland Museum (Brisbane, Australia) Australia first referred to as Ichthyosaurus australis
Protoichthyosaurus applebyi[19] Protoichthyosaurus UNM.G.2017.1 University of Nottingham Museum (Nottingham, UK) Sinemurian?
Protoichthyosaurus prostaxalis[20] Protoichthyosaurus BRLSI M3553 (holotype)

BRLSI M3555 (paratype)

LEICT G454.1951/164 (paratype)

 Bath Royal Literary and Scientific Institution (Bath, UK)

Leicester Arts and Museums Service, New Walk Museum and Art Gallery (Leicester, UK)

 Sinemurian United Kingdom
Sclerocormus parviceps[21] Sclerocormus AGB 6265 Anhui Geological Museum (Hefei, China) Olenekian (Spathian) China
Stenopterygius aaleniensis[22] Stenopterygius SMNS 90699 Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart (Stuttgart, Germany) Aalenian Germany
Stenopterygius quadriscissus[23] Stenopterygius GPIT 43/0219-1 (lectotype) Geologisches und Palaeontologisches Institut Tübingen (Tübingen, Germany) Toarcian Germany
Stenopterygius triscissus[23] Stenopterygius GPIT 12/0224-2 Geologisches und Palaeontologisches Institut Tübingen (Tübingen, Germany) Toarcian Germany
Stenopterygius uniter[23] Stenopterygius GPIT 1491/10 (neotype) Geologisches und Palaeontologisches Institut Tübingen (Tübingen, Germany) Toarcian Germany
Suevoleviathan disinteger[24] Suevoleviathan SMNS 15390 Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart (Stuttgart, Germany) Toarcian Germany likely junior synonym of S. integer
Suevoleviathan integer[24] Suevoleviathan MCZ 1042 Harvard University Museum of Comparative Zoology (Cambridge, USA) Toarcian Germany
Temnodontosaurus azerguensis[25] Temnodontosaurus MAMSPLP unnumbered Musee des Amis de la Mine (Saint-Pierre La Palud, France) Toarcian France
Temnodontosaurus eurycephalus[25] Temnodontosaurus NHMUK R1157 Natural History Museum London UK Sinemurian United Kingdom
Temnodontosaurus nuertingensis[26] Temnodontosaurus SMNS 13488 Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart (Stuttgart, Germany) Toarcian Germany
Temnodontosaurus platyodon Temnodontosaurus Hettangian - Sinemurian
Temnodontosaurus trigonodon[26] Temnodontosaurus PB 1 Petrefaktensammlung Kloster Banz (Banz, Germany Toarcian Germany

Utatsusaurus hataii[27]

Utatsusaurus

IGPS 95941

 Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan Olenekian (Spathian) Japan
Wahlisaurus massarae[28] Wahlisaurus LEICT G454.1951.5 Leicester Arts and Museums Service, New Walk Museum and Art Gallery (Leicester, UK) Hettangian

See also

References
  1. Fischer, Valentin; Maisch, Michael W.; Naish, Darren; Kosma, Ralf; Liston, Jeff; Joger, Ulrich; Krüger, Fritz J.; Pérez, Judith Pardo; Tainsh, Jessica; Appleby, Robert M. (2012-01-03). "New ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaurs from the European Lower Cretaceous demonstrate extensive ichthyosaur survival across the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary". PLOS ONE. 7 (1): e29234. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...729234F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029234. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3250416. PMID 22235274.
  2. Maxwell, Erin E. (2010-03-24). "Generic reassignment of an ichthyosaur from the Queen Elizabeth Islands, Northwest Territories, Canada". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (2): 403–415. doi:10.1080/02724631003617944. ISSN 0272-4634.
  3. JIANG, DA-YONG; HAO, WEI-CHEN; MAISCH, MICHAEL W.; MATZKE, ANDREAS T.; SUN, YUAN-LIN (July 2005). "A Basal Mixosaurid Ichthyosaur from the Middle Triassic of China". Palaeontology. 48 (4): 869–882. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2005.00481.x. ISSN 0031-0239.
  4. Dal Sasso; Pinna (1996). Besanosaurus leptorhynchus n. gen. n. sp., a new shastasaurid ichthyosaur from the Middle Triassic of Besano (Lombardy, N. Italy). Società Italiana di scienze naturali. OCLC 36891167.
  5. Motani, Ryosuke; Jiang, Da-Yong; Chen, Guan-Bao; Tintori, Andrea; Rieppel, Olivier; Ji, Cheng; Huang, Jian-Dong (2015-10-28). "Erratum: Corrigendum: A basal ichthyosauriform with a short snout from the Lower Triassic of China". Nature. 527 (7579): 544. doi:10.1038/nature15533. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 26524534.
  6. Huang, Jian-dong; Motani, Ryosuke; Jiang, Da-yong; Tintori, Andrea; Rieppel, Olivier; Zhou, Min; Ren, Xin-Xin; Zhang, Rong (2019-09-09). "The new ichthyosauriform Chaohusaurus brevifemoralis (Reptilia, Ichthyosauromorpha) from Majiashan, Chaohu, Anhui Province, China". PeerJ. 7: e7561. doi:10.7717/peerj.7561. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 6741286. PMID 31565558.
  7. Motani, Ryosuke; Jiang, Da-Yong; Tintori, Andrea; Rieppel, Olivier; Chen, Guan-Bao; You, Hailu (2015-01-02). "Status of Chaohusaurus chaoxianensis (Chen, 1985)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 35 (1): e892011. doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.892011. ISSN 0272-4634.
  8. Chen, Xiao-hong; Motani, Ryosuke; Cheng, Long; Jiang, Da-yong; Rieppel, Olivier (2014-12-17). "A small short-necked hupehsuchian from the Lower Triassic of Hubei Province, China". PLOS ONE. 9 (12): e115244. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9k5244C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0115244. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4269458. PMID 25517113.
  9. Chen, Xiao-hong; Motani, Ryosuke; Cheng, Long; Jiang, Da-yong; Rieppel, Olivier (2015-05-27). "A new specimen of Carroll's mystery hupehsuchian from the Lower Triassic of China". PLOS ONE. 10 (5): e0126024. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1026024C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0126024. ISSN 1932-6203.
  10. Ji, Cheng; Jiang, Da-Yong; Motani, Ryosuke; Hao, Wei-Cheng; Sun, Zuo-Yu; Cai, Tao (March 2013). "A new juvenile specimen of Guanlingsaurus (Ichthyosauria, Shastasauridae) from the Upper Triassic of southwestern China". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 33 (2): 340–348. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.723082. ISSN 0272-4634.
  11. Maisch, Michael W.; Pan, Xin-Ru; Sun, Zuo-Yu; Cai, Tao; Zhang, Da-Peng; Xie, Jia-Lin (2006-09-11). "Cranial osteology of Guizhouichthyosaurus tangae (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) from the Upper Triassic of China". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 26 (3): 588–597. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[588:coogtr]2.0.co;2. ISSN 0272-4634.
  12. Young, C (1972). "Hupehsuchus nanchangensis". In Young CC; Dong ZM (eds.). Aquatic Reptiles from the Triassic of China. Peking: Academia Sinica. pp. 28–34.
  13. Maisch, Michael W.; Matzke, Andreas T. (1997-09-01). "Mikadocephalus gracilirostris n. gen., n. sp., a new ichthyosaur from the Grenzbitumenzone (Anisian-Ladinian) of Monte San Giorgio (Switzerland)". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 71 (3): 267–289. doi:10.1007/BF02988496.
  14. Muiscasaurus catheti - Paleobiology Database
  15. Chen, Xiao-hong; Motani, Ryosuke; Cheng, Long; Jiang, Da-yong; Rieppel, Olivier (2014-07-11). "The enigmatic marine reptile Nanchangosaurus from the Lower Triassic of Hubei, China and the phylogenetic affinities of Hupehsuchia". PLOS ONE. 9 (7): e102361. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0102361. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4094528. PMID 25014493.
  16. Chen, Xiao-hong; Motani, Ryosuke; Cheng, Long; Jiang, Da-yong; Rieppel, Olivier (2014-04-09). "A Carapace-Like Bony 'Body Tube' in an Early Triassic Marine Reptile and the Onset of Marine Tetrapod Predation". PLOS ONE. 9 (4): e94396. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...994396C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0094396. ISSN 1932-6203. PMID 24718682.
  17. Sander, P. Martin (1997). "The paleobiogeography of Shastasaurus". Ancient Marine Reptiles. Elsevier. pp. 17–43. doi:10.1016/b978-012155210-7/50004-1. ISBN 978-0-12-155210-7.
  18. Kear, Benjamin P. (2005-12-01). "Cranial morphology of Platypterygius longmani Wade, 1990 (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) from the Lower Cretaceous of Australia". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 145 (4): 583–622. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00199.x.
  19. Lomax, Dean R.; Massare, Judy A. (2018). "A second specimen of Protoichthyosaurus applebyi (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) and additional information on the genus and species". Paludicola. 11: 164–178.
  20. Lomax; Porro; Larkin (2019). "Descriptive anatomy of the largest known specimen of Protoichthyosaurus prostaxalis (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) including computed tomography and digital reconstruction of a three-dimensional skull". PeerJ. 7: 1–36. doi:10.7287/peerj.6112v0.1/reviews/3.
  21. Jiang, Da-Yong; Motani, Ryosuke; Huang, Jian-Dong; Tintori, Andrea; Hu, Yuan-Chao; Rieppel, Olivier; Fraser, Nicholas C.; Ji, Cheng; Kelley, Neil P.; Fu, Wan-Lu; Zhang, Rong (2016-05-23). "A large aberrant stem ichthyosauriform indicating early rise and demise of ichthyosauromorphs in the wake of the end-Permian extinction". Scientific Reports. 6 (1): 26232. Bibcode:2016NatSR...626232J. doi:10.1038/srep26232. PMC 4876504. PMID 27211319.
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