List of forts of the Lines of Torres Vedras

The Lines of Torres Vedras were lines of forts and other military defences built in secrecy to defend Lisbon, capital of Portugal, from the French during the Peninsular War. Named after the town of Torres Vedras, their construction was ordered by the commander of the British troops, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington. The Lines were declared a National Heritage by the Portuguese Government in March 2019.[1]

Fort of Alqueidão

In total, 152 military works were carried out from October 1809 to 1812 by Portuguese workers supervised by British engineers. Most involved completely new constructions, although some existing structures, such as the castle at Torres Vedras, were adapted and it was also common to incorporate existing hilltop windmills in the designs. Some of the forts remain visible and 29 are maintained by the municipalities of Torres Vedras, Arruda dos Vinhos, Loures, Mafra, Sobral de Monte Agraço, and Vila Franca de Xira.[2] Much restoration work has been carried out to celebrate the 200th anniversary of the Lines.

Fort of Olheiros
Fort of Zambujal
Fort of São Vicente

The individual forts include:

References
  1. "Governo classifica Linhas de Torres Vedras como monumento nacional". Observador. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
  2. "Forts restored and maintained by the Municipalities". Friends of the Lines of Torres Vedras. Retrieved 1 September 2019.
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