List of ethnic enclaves in North American cities

This is a list of ethnic enclaves in various countries of different ethnic and cultural backgrounds to the native population. An ethnic enclave in this context denotes an area primarily populated by a population with similar ethnic or racial background. This list also includes concentrations rather than enclaves, and historic examples which may no longer be an ethnic enclave.[9]

Ethnic enclaves in North American cities
New York City is home to the largest overseas Chinese population of any city proper in the Western Hemisphere, with over half million. Multiple large Chinatowns in Manhattan, Brooklyn (above), and Queens are thriving as traditionally urban ethnic enclaves, as large-scale Chinese immigration continues into New York,[1][2][3][4] with the largest metropolitan Chinese population outside of Asia.[5]

Broad Avenue, Koreatown (팰리세이즈 파크 코리아타운) in Palisades Park, Bergen County, New Jersey, USA,[6] where Koreans comprise the majority (52%) of the population.[7]

India Square in Jersey City, New Jersey, United States, is one of at least 24 Indian American enclaves characterized as a Little India which have emerged within the New York City Metropolitan Area, with the largest metropolitan Indian population outside Asia, as large-scale immigration from India continues into New York.[1][2][3][8]

List by world region and national origin

African Americans

List of African-American neighborhoods - Thousands of African-American neighborhoods exist today. However, many of these communities are now less populated by African Americans than they were during the earlier, sometimes mid and late parts of the 20th century.

Angola

• Chicago, Illinois[10]
• Brockton, Massachusetts[11]

Benin

• Chicago, Illinois[12][13]

Cameroon

• Prince George's County, Maryland [14]
• Houston, Texas[15]

Cape Verde

• Brockton, Massachusetts[16][17]
• Fall River, Massachusetts [18]
• New Bedford, Massachusetts [17][18]
• Fox Point, Providence, Rhode Island (historically Cape Verdean, now gentrifying).[19][20][21][22]
• Pawtucket, Rhode Island (Cape Verdean - largest Cape Verde community outside their islands).[16]

Congo (Brazzaville and DRC)

• Lynn, Massachusetts[23]
• Charlotte, North Carolina[24]
• Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina[24]
• Greensboro, North Carolina[24]
• Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex[25]
• Des Moines, Iowa[26]

Cote d'Ivoire

• Baltimore, Maryland[27]
• New York City[27]

Ethiopia

• Washington, D.C. - See also Ethiopians in Washington, D.C.[28]
  • Little Ethiopia (Washington, D.C.) [29]
• Silver Spring, Maryland[30]
• Little Ethiopia, Denver, Colorado.[31]
• Little Ethiopia, Los Angeles, California (Ethiopian, Eritrean) - largest Ethiopian community outside Africa. Nearby Fairfax District, Los Angeles has many Ethiopians, including Ethiopian Jews, close to West Los Angeles' large Jewish population. It has other immigrants from Africa (i.e. Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda).[32][33][34]
• Little Ethiopia, Seattle, Washington.[35][36][37]
• Minneapolis-Saint Paul, Minnesota is home to many Somali, Oromo, Ethiopian and Eritrean immigrants.[38]

Somalia

• Little Mogadishu, Minneapolis - largest Somali community in North America.[39]

Other or pan African

• Fairfax District, Los Angeles - Moroccans, esp. Moroccan Jews[40]

Asia (East, South and Southeast)

• Orange County, California - largest Asian nationality is Vietnamese. Third largest Asian-American population in the US after Greater Los Angeles and Santa Clara Valley in California.[41]
• Carmel, Indiana - Large Asian community of about 10,000 as of 2019. Includes Chinese, Korean, Indian and some Japanese among others. [42]

https://datausa.io/profile/geo/carmel-in/

• Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. [43]

Bangladesh

• Little Bangladesh in Los Angeles, California. There has been South Asian immigration in central Los Angeles.[44][45]

Burma/Myanmar

• Fort Wayne, Indiana.[46][47][48][49]
• Indianapolis, Indiana especially Perry Township, Marion County [50]
• Greenwood, Indiana [51]
• Tulsa, Oklahoma - (Mostly Zomi) [52][53][54]
  • Albany - (Primarily Karen) [55]
  • Buffalo.[56][57]

Cambodia

• Cambodia Town, Long Beach, California, United States.[58]
• Lowell, Massachusetts.[59][60][61]
• Merced, California.[62]
• Porterville, California.[62]
• Stockton, California.[62]

Manhattan's Chinatown, home to the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere,[63][64][65][66][67] is the oldest of at least 9 Chinatowns in the New York City Metropolitan Area.

China

Chinatown, San Francisco

Toronto's downtown Chinatown

• Auburn, California - Gold rush era in 1850s[68]
• Boise, Idaho (historic).[69][70]
• Barrio Chino (Havana)
• Barrio Chino (Mexico City)
• Barrio Chino (San José, Costa Rica)
• China Alley, Hanford, California (historic).[71]
• "Chinamerica" - Puente Hills, California area near Los Angeles.[72]
• Chinatown, San Francisco, California
• Irvine, California (along with from Taiwan).[72]
• La Chinesca - Mexicali, Baja California.
• La Mesa (Tijuana)
• San Gabriel Valley, California - Largest Chinese enclave outside of China.[73]
• West Covina, California - notably large Chinese/Asian population.[74]
• Brossard, Quebec (has the largest Chinese population in Quebec).[75]

Hmong

• Detroit Metropolitan Area, Michigan (Significantly decreased since 1990s) [76]
• The Fox Cities, Wisconsin.[77][78]
• Frogtown, Saint Paul, Minnesota. also known as "Little Mekong", there are other Hmong in Minneapolis metro area.[79]
• Marion, Hickory, Morganton, North Carolina - About 5,000 Hmong live in the statistical area.[80][81][82]

India

• Edison, New Jersey - known as the first Little India in the USA.[83]
• Hicksville, New York (Little India).[84]
• Little India, Artesia, California: Pioneer Boulevard, between 183rd St. and South St., Artesia [85]

Iran

• "Tehrangeles" (Los Angeles – a portmanteau deriving from the combination of Tehran, the capital of Iran, and Los Angeles.[86]

Japan

• Alameda, California (historic).[87]
  • Leimert Park, Los Angeles (mainly Japanese from 1920s-50s).[88]
• Little Tokyo, Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City
• Markham, Ontario near Toronto, Ontario in Canada.[89]

Korea

• Annandale, Virginia.[90][91][92]
• Barrio Coreano (Guatemala City), also known as Avenida Seúl.[93]
• Irvine, California (among other Asians).[94]
• Little Seoul, Newport News, Virginia.[95]
• Pequeño Seúl - Mexico City
• Riverside, California[96]
• Santa Clara County, California Contains several "Koreatown" districts in Santa Clara (Unmarked) and San Jose (See Koreatown, San Jose) [97]

Laos

• Chollas View, San Diego, California - Laotian immigrant enclave.[98]

Pakistan

Pakistani and other South Asian shops in Gerrard Street, Toronto

• Westwood, Los Angeles, California[99] - also has Persians from Iran (Persia Square).

Philippines

• Carson, California. It has a "Little Manila".[100][101][102][103]
• Cerritos, California.[104]
• Daly City, California.[105][106][107]
• Delano, California - where "Larry Itliong Day" was dedicated[108][109][110]
• Kansas City, Missouri.[111][112][113]
• "Philly-pino-town" Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[114][115]
• Torrance, California.[116]
• West Covina, California, centered on "Manila Way" on Amar Rd. and Azusa Ave.[117][118]
• Winnipeg, Manitoba.[119][120][121][122]

Sri Lanka

• Covina, California with a Sri Lankan community center in West Covina, California.[123]
• Little Sri Lanka, Tompkinsville, Staten Island, New York City.[124][125][126]
• Malvern, Scarborough, Toronto (Toronto is home to the largest Tamil-speaking population outside South Asia).[127][128][129]

Thailand

• North side Chicago, Illinois.[130][131][132]

Vietnam

Little Saigon, Orange County, California

• Argyle, Chicago, Illinois.[133][134]
• Arlington, Texas - may be largest Vietnamese town outside California.[135]
• Bay St. Louis, Mississippi.[136]
• Biloxi, Mississippi.[136]
• D'Iberville, Mississippi.[136]
• Fountain Valley, California.[137]
• Little Saigons in Massachusetts - several New England coastal towns has many Vietnamese.[138]
• New Orleans, Louisiana ( Village de L'Est )- many Vietnamese and Chinese live along the Gulf coast.[139][140]

Australia

• Santa Monica, California[141][142]

Albania

• Albanian Town, Chicago.[143][144][145]
• Astoria, Queens, New York City, New York.[146]
• Detroit, Michigan. See also History of the Albanian Americans in Metro Detroit[147]
• Pelham Parkway (neighborhood), Bronx, New York City, New York.[148][149][150][151]
• South Boston, Boston, Massachusetts.[152][153]
• Worcester, Massachusetts.[154][155]

Belgium

• Sarnia, Ontario, Canada - "Flemish or Dutch Corridor" to Chatham, Ontario.[156]

Croatia

• Pueblo, Colorado.[157]

Denmark

• Elk Horn, Iowa.[158][159]
• Kimballton, Iowa.[158][160]
• Solvang, California.[161]
• Tyler, Minnesota.[162][163]

Eastern European Jewish

• Orange Park, Florida in the Jacksonville, Florida area[164] - in addition, has non-Jewish Slavic groups, Romanians, Hungarians and Albanians.

Finland

• Stanton Township, Michigan.[165]

France

• Linden, Alabama[166]
• Reynoldston, New York in Franklin County, New York facing Quebec, Canada.[167]

Germany

A German-style home, now a restaurant, in the San Angel neighborhood, Mexico City

• Deutschtown, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.[168]
• Hanover, Pennsylvania.[169]
• Pennsylvania Dutch Country
• St. Marys, Pennsylvania - Bavarian Catholic.[170]

Greece

• Astoria, Queens, New York.[171][172][173][174][175]
• Campbell, Ohio.[176][177]
• Cleveland, Ohio.[178][179]
• Greektown, Tarpon Springs, Florida.[180]
• Greek Town, Omaha, Nebraska (historic).[181]
• La Merced historical Greektown in Mexico City along Calle Academia (Academia Street).[182]
• Naucalpan, State of Mexico a large Greek community has formed outside of Mexico City.[183]
• New Smyrna Beach, Florida.[184][185]
• "Old Greek Town", Salt Lake City, Utah - the state has a Greek community.[186][187][188][189]
• Palm Desert, California - where they have an annual Greek festival near the local Greek Orthodox church.[190]
• Sinaloa, Mexico - this Mexican state has coastal Greek communities. The cities of Culiacan, Humaya, Tamazula and Yoreme have the largest Greek concentrations in Sinaloa where the cultivation of tomato brought them fortunes and the valley is known as "Valle de Grecia" or the "Greek Valley".[183]
• Upper Darby, Pennsylvania.[191]
• West Los Angeles - historically, the Toy District in Downtown LA had Greeks.[192]

Iceland

• Gimli, Manitoba, Canada - thought to be the largest Icelandic community outside Iceland.[193][194]
• Spanish Fork, Utah - large concentration, most of them are Mormon in religion.[195][196] See Icelandic Heritage in Spanish Fork, Utah
• Washington Island, Wisconsin - an estimated 20% of Icelandic descent.[197][198]

Ireland

• Boston, Massachusetts (portions and many suburbs) - largest Irish city outside Ireland. Peak percentage nearing 50% in 1920 after 70 years of immigration.[199]

Italy

• Little Italy, Los Angeles, California (historic; now Chinatown).[200]
• Little Italy, Manhattan, New York City - now engulfed by expanded Chinatown.[201]
• Little Italy, San Diego, California.[202]
• "Little Tuscany", Palm Springs, California.[203]
• McAlester, Oklahoma[204] in historic Choctaw Nation.
• Palm Desert, California[203]
• Teterboro, New Jersey.[205]
• Tontitown, Arkansas[206] - resettlement of earlier Italian community in Lake Village, Arkansas.
• Via Italia, San Pedro, California.[207]
• Yorktown, New York [208]

Luxembourg

• Naperville, Illinois - also Liechtenstein residents.
• Port Washington, Wisconsin.[209]
• St. Donatus, Iowa.[210][211][212]

Malta

• The Junction, Toronto, Ontario. Little Malta is in the western part of this Toronto neighbourhood.[213][214]

Portugal

• Allentown, Pennsylvania - including Brazilians and other Latin Americans.[215]
• Artesia, California - sizable, in the "International District", known for ethnic diversity.[216][217]
• Little Portugal, Newark, New Jersey (Ironbound section).[218]

Russia

• Orange Park, Florida in the Jacksonville, Florida area[164] - from throughout the former USSR and Soviet Bloc (Eastern Europe).

Scandinavia

7% of the population in Saskatoon in Canada is of Norwegian ancestry.

• Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (est. 10% Norwegian ancestry and other Scandinavians).

Serbia

• Boyle Heights, Los Angeles (historic, Serbian-Americans moved out in 1940s-50s).[219]

Slovenia

• Eveleth, Minnesota.[220][221][222]
• St. Vitus Village, Cleveland (Slovenian Village).[223][224]
• Pueblo, Colorado [225][226][227]

Cornwall

• Butte, Montana.[228]
• Deadwood, South Dakota.[229]
• Grass Valley, California.[230]
• Iron Ranges of northern Michigan.
• Mineral Point, Wisconsin.[231]
• Pachuca, Mexico (large Cornish-British colony).[232][233]
• Tangier Island, Virginia.[234][235]

Wales

• Gallia County, Ohio - aka Little Wales.[236]
• Sharon, Pennsylvania.[237]

Middle East, Caucasus, and Central Asia

Largest Arab-American and Middle eastern enclaves. Main Article: List of Arabic neighborhoods:

• Chicago - A section of city nicknamed "Little Iraq", Chicago has the largest Iraqi community in the USA. Little Arabia in the city's Northwest side, for example, has many Arab-Americans.[238] And Devon Avenue (Chicago) has Arabs, Iranians and South Asians like Pashtun Americans.
• Cleveland, Ohio - west side.[239]
• Detroit (i.e. Southwest side)- over 300,000 Arab-Americans in its Metro area, another 300,000 throughout Michigan, the city and state is the largest Arab-American community in the USA. Dearborn is their cultural center in the region. Also in nearby Dearborn Heights.[240]
• Orange County, California - 250,000 out of 500,000 Arab-Americans in Greater Los Angeles. Brookhurst Street in Anaheim is called "Little Arabia" or "Little Gaza" named for the Gaza Strip, as well West Bank of Anaheim named for the West Bank in Palestine.[241]
• San Diego, California metro area - eastern San Diego metro area - Little Baghdad in El Cajon and along El Cajon Boulevard in East San Diego and La Mesa, California).[242]
• In Quebec, Canada, its largest city Montreal - includes North African (esp. Moroccans) immigrants, Lebanese and Syrians.[243]

Afghanistan

• Chicago, Illinois has a "Little Kabul".[244]
• Ventura County, California - Afghans and Iranians relocated to the area (the most in Simi Valley and Thousand Oaks).[245]

Armenia

• Glendale, California (Armenian American cultural center) and nearby Atwater Village, Los Angeles.[246] See also Distribution of Armenians in Los Angeles county

Kurds

• Binghamton, New York[247]
• Dallas, Texas and its area.[248]
• Houston, Texas.[249]
• Los Angeles, California.[250]
• Nashville, Tennessee (cultural center) - over 15,000 in the city.[251][252]
• Santa Barbara, California-Ventura County, California region in Southern California - may have the most Kurds in the USA.[250]
• Watertown, Massachusetts, suburb of Boston.[253]

South/Latin America and Caribbean

• Anaheim, California - 46% Mexican, large Salvadoran population, and Puerto Rican community.[254]
• Excelsior District, San Francisco, California.[255]
• Miami-Dade County, Florida (Miami metro area has the largest Cuban population in the US with an estimate of 1 million Cuban-American residents with a large presence of Haitians, Jamaicans, Colombians, Brazilians, Nicaraguans, Puerto Ricans and Dominicans throughout the county)[256]
• New York City[257] Most Hispanics/Latinos of any US city, large Hispanic/Latino communities.
• Providence, Rhode Island - The state itself has a large and growing Latino community.[258]

Central and South America

• Anaheim, California and nearby West Anaheim, California in Orange County.[259]
• Boston, Massachusetts - also Dominican and Puerto Rican sections - esp the South end.[260]

Guatemala

The Kimmeytown neighborhood in Georgetown, Delaware[261]

Indigenous Mayan immigrants from Guatemala in north Georgia, especially in Cherokee County.[262]

El Salvador

Except Puerto Ricans (fourth as a nationality, second in ancestry among Hispanics and Latinos), Salvadorans are the second largest Hispanic/Latino ethnicity in the US, close to Dominicans who are third. Large Salvadoran communities developed in the late 20th–early 21st century period as a result of civil war, economic conditions, political turmoil and gang violence in the country, the country El Salvador is among the smallest in size in the Western Hemisphere. The largest Salvadoran population is in Central parts of Los Angeles[263] and throughout California (i.e. the Coachella Valley/Riverside county) along with Central American groups like Guatemalans, Hondurans and Nicaraguans.[264] Recent census data shows that for the first time, there are more Salvadorans living on Long Island than Puerto Ricans, with Salvadorans now numbering nearly 100,000,[265] representing nearly a quarter of all Hispanics in the region, making them the largest Latino group in Long Island (New York State).

• Washington, D.C. (esp. Mount Pleasant), and nearby Maryland and Northern Virginia suburbs. Formerly known as Arlandria, a neighborhood between Alexandria and Arlington in Virginia is now referred to as Chirilagua, due to the many Salvadorans living there from that particular town.[266]

Mexico

Mural in Chicano Park, San Diego stating "All the way to the Bay"

• Altus, Oklahoma[267]
• Boyle Heights, Los Angeles, California (gentrifying).[268]
• Downey, California - most affluent Mexican-American community.[269]
• East Los Angeles, California - historic urban Mexican-American enclave (see Chicano).[270]
• Guymon, Oklahoma - in the Oklahoma Panhandle.[267]
• Huntington Park, California[271]
• Indio, California - over half Mexican, esp. from Michoacán.[272]
• Logan Heights, San Diego, California (also known for Chicano Park).[273]
• Redlands, California - Barrio Judeo or Negro (also had many Jews and African-Americans).[274]
• Riverside, California - esp. the East Side.[275]
• Wilmington, Los Angeles, California.[276]

West Indies and Caribbean

• Blue Hills, Connecticut (23.9% Jamaican, highest Jamaican population in the US).[277]
• Little Haiti, Miami
• Divina Providencia, Tijuana, Baja California - known as Pequeña Haití
• The Triangle, North Carolina (Cuban, as well Puerto Rican and increasingly Mexican neighborhoods).[278]
• Westchester, Florida (65.69% Cuban, highest Cuban population in the US)[279]
• Westside Simi Valley, California - some Puerto Rican, but more Mexican section of largely Anglo city.[280]

Jews (of many nationalities)

• Jewtown, Port Richmond, Staten Island, NYC[281]
• Kiryas Joel, New York near Monroe, New York - homogeneously Hasidic Jewish private housing tract. Similar communities Kiryas Square, New York and New Square, New York.[282]
• Lakewood, New Jersey[283] - Large Orthodox Jewish community, and one of US' largest populations of Hasidim.
• Lombard Street (Baltimore) (Jewtown, Baltimore) - also was an Italian neighborhood.[284]
• Lower East Side, Manhattan, New York City (historic) - NYC is world's largest Jewish community outside Israel (10-20% of Jewish faith or descent, or 1.1-1.5 million observant Jews).[285]
• Petaluma, California[286]

Native Americans

• Urban Indians, communities developed by small enclaves of Native Americans/First Nations and Alaskan Natives since the 1930s. They tend to form small percentages of the urban areas' population. Virtually every major city in the US has an American Indian community. See Rancherie/ Ranchería for urban Indian parts of Las Vegas, Nevada and Reno, Nevada. Urban Indian reserves in Canada have also been located within Canadian cities.

The highest concentration of urban Indians is believed to be in Anchorage, Alaska where over 10 percent of the population identify themselves in the census as having some Native ancestry, with 7.3 percent identifying that as their only ancestry. In the mainland USA, Indian Alley in downtown Los Angeles, California, may be the most dense Native American population of any major city.[287]

• • Anadarko, Oklahoma - see Indian City USA.[288]
  • San Francisco Bay Area - Ninth largest, mainly in Oakland[289]

See also

• Block Settlement, in Canada, a rural equivalent to an urban ethnic neighborhood.
• Demographics of California.
• Demographics of Los Angeles.
• Indian colony, an urban reservation in the United States.
• New York City ethnic enclaves.
• Multiculturalism.
• Urban Indian reserve in Canada.

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External links

• Asian-Nation: Asian American Ethnic Communities & Enclaves
• Little Italys around the World
• Ethnic Enclaves in the Urbanism of America
• The New Ethnic Enclaves in America's Suburbs (pdf)
• Diversity and Community: Ethnic Enclaves and Segregation