List of emoticons

This is a list of notable and commonly used emoticons, or textual portrayals of a writer's moods or facial expressions in the form of icons. Originally, these icons consisted of ASCII art, and later, Shift JIS art and Unicode art. In recent times, graphical icons, both static and animated, have joined the traditional text-based emoticons; these are commonly known as emoji.[1][2]

A simple smiley

Emoticons can generally be divided into three groups: Western (mainly from America and Europe) or horizontal (though not all are in that orientation); Eastern or vertical (mainly from east Asia); and 2channel style (originally used on 2channel and other Japanese message boards). The most common explanation for these different styles is that in the East, the eyes play the primary role in facial expressions, while in the West, the whole face tends to be used.[3]

Western

Western style emoticons are mostly written from left to right as though the head is rotated counter-clockwise 90 degrees. One will most commonly see the eyes on the left, followed by the nose (often not included) and then the mouth. Typically, a colon is used for the eyes of a face, unless winking, in which case a semicolon is used. However, an equals sign, a number 8, or a capital letter B are also used to indicate normal eyes, widened eyes, or those with glasses, respectively. Symbols for the mouth vary, e.g. ")" for a smiley face or "(" for a sad face. One can also add a "}" after the mouth character to indicate a beard.

Sideways Latin-only emoticons

Icon											Emoji	Meaning
:‑) :)	:-] :]	:-3 :3	:-> :>	8-) 8)	:-} :}	:o)	:c)	:^)	=]	=)	☺️🙂😊😀😁	Smiley or happy face.[4][5][6]
:‑D :D	8‑D 8D	x‑D xD	X‑D XD	=D	=3	B^D	c:	C:			😃😄😆😍	Laughing,[4] big grin,[5][6] laugh with glasses,[7] or wide-eyed surprise[8]
:-))												Very happy or double chin[7]
:‑( :(	:‑c :c	:‑< :<	:‑[ :[	:-||	>:[	:{	:@	:(	;(		☹️🙁😠😡😞😟😣😖	Frown,[4][5][6] sad,[9] angry,[7] pouting
:'‑( :'(											😢😭	Crying[9]
:'‑) :')											😂	Tears of happiness[9]
D‑':	D:<	D:	D8	D;	D=	DX					😨😧😦😱😫😩	Horror, disgust, sadness, great dismay[5][6] (right to left)
:‑O :O	:‑o :o	:-0	8‑0	>:O							😮😯😲	Surprise,[3] shock,[4][10] yawn[11]
:-* :*	:×										😗😙😚😘😍	Kiss[4]
;‑) ;)	*-) *)	;‑] ;]	;^)	:‑,	;D						😉😜😘	Wink,[4][5][6] smirk[10][11]
:‑P :P	X‑P XP	x‑p xp	:‑p :p	:‑Þ :Þ	:‑þ :þ	:‑b :b	d:	=p	>:P		😛😝😜🤑	Tongue sticking out, cheeky/playful,[4] blowing a raspberry
:‑/ :/	:‑.	>:\	>:/	:\	=/	=\	:L	=L	:S		🤔😕😟	Skeptical, annoyed, undecided, uneasy, hesitant[4]
:‑| :|											😐😑	Straight face[5] no expression, indecision[9]
:$	://) ://3										😳😞😖	Embarrassed,[6] blushing[7]
:‑X :X	:‑# :#	:‑& :&									🤐😶	Sealed lips or wearing braces,[4] tongue-tied[9]
O:‑) O:)	0:‑3 0:3	0:‑) 0:)	0;^)								😇👼	Angel,[4][5][10] saint,[9] innocent
>:‑) :)	}:‑) }:)	3:‑) 3:)	>;)	>:3 ;3							😈	Evil,[5] devilish[9]
|;‑)	|‑O	B-)									😎😪	Cool,[9] bored/yawning[10]
:‑J											😏😒	Tongue-in-cheek[12]
#‑)											—	Partied all night[9]
%‑) %)											😵😕🤕	Drunk,[9] confused
:‑###.. :###..											🤒😷🤢	Being sick[9]
<:‑|											—	Dumb, dunce-like[10]
',:-|	',:-l										🤨	Scepticism, disbelief, or disapproval[13][14]
:E											😬	Grimacing, nervous, awkward[15]

Sideways Latin-only single-line art and portraits

Icon				Emoji	Meaning
@};- @}->-- @}‑;‑'‑‑‑ @>‑‑>‑‑				🌹	Rose[4][10]
5:‑)	~:‑\				Elvis Presley[10][11]
*<|:‑)				🎅	Santa Claus[16]
~(_8^(I)					Homer Simpson[10]
=:o]					Bill Clinton[16]
7:^]	,:‑)				Ronald Reagan[16]
</3	<\3			💔	Broken-heart[17]
<3				❤️	Heart[17]

Upright Latin-only emoticons and single-line art and portraits

Icon						Meaning
><>	<*)))‑{		><(((*>			Fish, something's fishy,[10] Christian fish[7]
\o/						Cheer "Yay, yay."[7]
*\0/*						Cheerleader[7]
//0‑0\\						John Lennon[10]
v.v						Horror, disgust, sadness, great dismay[5][6]
O_O	o‑o	O_o	o_O	o_o	O-O	Surprise,[3] shock,[4][10] yawn[11]
>.<						Skeptical, annoyed, undecided, uneasy, hesitant[4]
^5	o/\o	>_>^ ^<_<				High five[11]
V.v.V	V=(° °)=V					Crab,[18] Lobster

Upright Unicode-incorporating emoticons and single-line art

Icon				Meaning
ӽd̲̅a̲̅r̲̅w̲̅i̲̅ɳ̲̅ᕗ	Ӽd̲̅a̲̅r̲̅w̲̅i̲̅ɳ̲̅ᕗ	ӽe̲̅v̲̅o̲̅l̲̅u̲̅t̲̅i̲̅o̲̅ɳ̲̅ᕗ	Ӽe̲̅v̲̅o̲̅l̲̅u̲̅t̲̅i̲̅o̲̅ɳ̲̅ᕗ	Darwin fish/Evolution fish[19]
( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°)				The "Lenny Face", named and popularized on 4chan.[20] Used mostly to suggest mischief, imply sexual innuendo or a second hidden meaning behind a sentence, or is pasted over and over to spam online discussions.[21]

Eastern

Eastern emoticons generally are not rotated sideways, and may include non-Latin characters to allow for additional complexity. These emoticons first arose in Japan, where they are referred to as kaomoji (literally "face characters").

Kaomoji faces

Icon	Emoji	Meaning
(>_<)(>_<)>	😣😖	Troubled[22][23]
(';')	👶	Baby[22]
(^^ゞ(^_^;)(-_-;)(~_~;) (・.・;)(・_・;)(・・;) ^^;^_^;(#^.^#)(^^;)	😅😳😓😥	Nervous, embarrassed,[22] troubled, shy,[23] sweat drop[7]
(^.^)y-.o○(-.-)y-°°°	🚬	Smoking[22]
(-_-)zzz	😴💤	Sleeping[22]
(^_-)(^_-)-☆	😉😜	Wink[22]
((+_+))(+o+)(°°)(°-°) (°.°)(°_°)(°_°>)(°レ°)	😕😶😵🙄	Confused[22]
(o|o)		Ultraman[22]
<(｀^´)>		N/A[22]
^_^(°o°)(^_^)/(^O^)／(^o^)／(^^)/ (≧∇≦)/(/◕ヮ◕)/(^o^)丿∩(·ω·)∩(·ω·)^ω^	😀😅😆😃😄🙌	Joyful[22][23][24]
(__)_(._.)__(_^_)_<(_ _)> <m(__)m>m(__)mm(_ _)m	🙇	Kowtow as a sign of respect, or dogeza for apology[22][23]
＼(°ロ＼)(／ロ°)／		Questioning[22]
('_')(/_;)(T_T) (;_;)(;_;(;_:)(;O;)(:_;)(ToT)(Ｔ▽Ｔ) ;_;;-;;n;;;Q.QT.TTnTQQQ_Q	😭😢	Sad, crying[10][22][23]
(ー_ー)!!(-.-)(-_-)(一一)(；一_一)	😒😩😑😞😔	Shame[22]
(=_=)	😫😩😪	Tired[22]
(=^・^=)(=^・・^=)=^_^=	😺😸😹😻😼😽🙀😿😾🐱	Cat[22][24]
(..)(._.)	🙍😔	Looking down[22]
^m^		Giggling with hand covering mouth[22]
(・・?(?_?)	😕😵	Confusion[22]
(－‸ლ)	🤦	Facepalm[25]
>^_^<<^!^>^/^（*^_^*）§^.^§(^<^) (^.^)(^ム^)(^·^)(^.^)(^_^.)(^_^)(^^) (^J^)(*^.^*)^_^(#^.^#)（^—^）	😃😄☺️😁😀😍	Normal laugh[22]
(^^)/~~~(^_^)/~(;_;)/~~~(^.^)/~~~(-_-)/~~~ ($··)/~~~(@^^)/~~~(T_T)/~~~(ToT)/~~~	👋	Waving[22]
(V)o￥o(V)	👽👾	Alien Baltan[22]
＼(~o~)／＼(^o^)／＼(-o-)／ ヽ(^。^)ノヽ(^o^)丿(*^0^*)	😍😀🙌💃	Excited[22]
(*_*)(*_*;(+_+) (@_@)(@_@。(＠_＠;)＼(◎o◎)／！	😍	Amazed[22]
!(^^)!		N/A[22]
(*^^)v(^^)v(^_^)v（’-’*) (＾ｖ＾)(＾▽＾)(・∀・)(´∀`)(⌒▽⌒）	😂✌️	Laughing, cheerful[22][23]
(~o~)(~_~)	😔😒😏	N/A[22]
(^^ゞ	😙😚	N/A[22]
(p_-)		N/A[22]
((d[-_-]b))	🎧	Headphones, listening to music[22]
(-"-)(ーー゛)(^_^メ)(-_-メ)(~_~メ)(－－〆) (・へ・)(｀´)<`～´><`ヘ´>(ーー;)	😟😓😬	Worried[22][23]
(^0_0^)	😎🤓	Eyeglasses[22]
( ..)φφ(..)		Jotting note[22]
(●＾o＾●)(＾ｖ＾)(＾ｕ＾)(＾◇＾) ( ^)o(^ )(^O^)(^o^)(^○^))^o^( (*^▽^*)(✿◠‿◠)	😀😁😆😅😃😄	Happy[22][23]
(￣ー￣)	😁	Grinning[23]
(￣□￣;)°o°°O°:O o_Oo_0o.O(o.o)oO	😲😮😯	Surprised[3][23]
(*´▽｀*)(*°∀°)=3		Infatuation[23]
（ ﾟ Дﾟ)(°◇°)	😨😱😮😲	Shocked, surprised[23]
(*￣m￣)	😬😠😡	Dissatisfied[23]
ヽ(´ー｀)┌¯\_(ツ)_/¯	🤷	Mellow, shrug[23]
(´･ω･`)(‘A`)		Snubbed or deflated[23]
(*^3^)/~☆	😘😚😙😗	Blowing a kiss[26]
.....φ(・∀・＊)		Studying is good[26]
uwuUwU		Joy[27]
OWOOwO		Cute, inquisitive or perplexed, sometimes associated with the furry fandom[28]

Other Eastern emoticons

Icon	Emoji	Meaning
.o○○o.		Bubbles[22]
( ^^)_U~~( ^^)_旦~~	🍵☕️	Cup of tea[22]
☆彡☆ミ	☄️🌟	Shooting star[22]
>°)))彡(Q))><ヨヨ (°))<<>°))))彡<°)))彡>°))彡 <+))><<<*))>=<	🐠🐟🐡🦈🐬🐳🐋	Fish[22]
<コ:彡 Ｃ:.ミ	🐙	Octopus, squid[22]
~>°)～～～	🐍	Snake[22]
～°·_·°～	🦇	Bat[22]
(°°)～		Tadpole[22]
●～*	💣	Bomb[22]
￣|○STOOTZOTLorz		Despair. The "O"s represent head on the ground, "T" or "r" forms the torso, and "S" or "z" the legs.[23]
(╯°□°）╯︵ ┻━┻┬──┬ ¯\_(ツ) ┻━┻︵ヽ(`Д´)ﾉ︵ ┻━┻┬─┬ノ( º _ ºノ) (ノಠ益ಠ)ノ彡┻━┻		Table flip[29]
:3ミ		N/A[22]

2channel emoticons

A number of Eastern emoticons were originally developed on the Japanese discussion site 2channel. Some of these are wider (made up of more characters) than usual kaomoji, or extend over multiple lines of text. Many use characters from other character sets besides Japanese and Latin.

2channel emoticons

Icon	Meaning
m(_ _)m	Kowtow as a sign of respect, or dogeza for apology[23]
(´･ω･`)	Snubbed or deflated[23]
(`･ω･´)	Feel perky[30]
(｀-´)>	Salute[30]
(´；ω；`)	Terribly sad[30]
ヽ(´ー｀)ﾉ	Peace of mind[30]
ヽ(`Д´)ﾉ	Be irritable[30]
(＃ﾟДﾟ)	Angry[30]
（ ´Д｀）	Yelling, or panting[30]
（　ﾟДﾟ）	Surprised, or loudmouthed[30]
┐('～`；)┌	Don't know the answer[30]
（´∀｀）	Carefree[30]
（　´_ゝ`）	Indifferent[30]
Σ(゜д゜;)	Shocked[30]
( ﾟヮﾟ)	Happy, upbeat[30]
⊂二二二（^＾ω^＾）二⊃	"Bu-n", being carefree and above, with arms stretched out while running/soaring[30]
(((( ；ﾟДﾟ)))	Spook[30]
Σ(ﾟДﾟ)	Huge surprise[30]
( ´∀｀)σ)∀`)	Jog someone's cheek[30]
( ﾟдﾟ)	Amazed[30]
(´ー`)y-~~	Smoking[30]
（ ^_^）o自自o（^_^ ）	Toast "Cheers"[30]
m9(・∀・)	Flash of intuition[30]
ヽ(´ー`)人(´∇｀)人(`Д´)ノ	Friendly[30]
('A`)	Lonely[30]
（ ´,_ゝ`)	Depressed, unsatisfied (based on indifferent)[30]
（´-`）.｡oO( ... )	Thinking[30]
(ﾟДﾟ;≡;ﾟДﾟ)	Impatience[30]
( ´д)ﾋｿ(´Д｀)ﾋｿ(Д｀)	Whispers[30]
（･∀･)つ⑩	Carrying money[30]
⊂（ﾟДﾟ⊂⌒｀つ≡≡≡(´⌒;;;≡≡≡	Sliding on belly, "whooaaa!!!"[30]
(ﾟдﾟ)	Unforeseen[30]
(ﾟ⊿ﾟ)	"I don't need it"[30]
щ(ﾟДﾟщ) (屮ﾟДﾟ)屮	Come on[30]
（・∀・）	Mocking, "good"[30]
（・Ａ・）	"That's bad"[30]
(ﾟ∀ﾟ)	Discharged drug-in-brain, goofing around, "A-HYA!"[30]
（ つ Д ｀）	Sad[30]
エェェ(´д｀)ェェエ	Not convincing[30]
(￣ー￣)	Simper, Snorlax[30]
[ﾟдﾟ]	Deflagged[30]
♪┏(・o･)┛♪┗ ( ･o･) ┓	Happy expressions, dancing to the music[30]
d(*⌒▽⌒*)b	Happy expression[30]
＿|￣|○	Given up.[30] Despair. The "O"s represent head on the ground, "T" or "r" forms the torso, and "S" or "z" the legs.[23]
STO
OTZ
OTL
(╬ ಠ益ಠ)	Extreme Distaste, meant to appear as an exaggerated grimace[30]
(≧ロ≦)	Shouting[30]
(ΘεΘ;)	Pretending not to notice, asleep because of boredom[30]
＼| ￣ヘ￣|／＿＿＿＿＿＿＿θ☆( *o*)/	Kick[30]
┌(；`～,)┐	Discombobulated[30]
ε=ε=ε=┌(;*´Д`)ﾉ	Running[30]
ヽ(´▽`)/	Happy[30]
^ㅂ^	Happy[30]
(l'o'l)	Shocked[30]
ヽ(ｏ`皿′ｏ)ﾉ	Really angry[30]
(☞ﾟヮﾟ)☞	"Do it"[30]
☜(ﾟヮﾟ☜)
☜(⌒▽⌒)☞	Angel[30]

2channel emoticons containing Japanese phrases

Icon	Meaning
キタ━━━(゜∀゜)━━━!!!!!	"It's here", Kitaa!, excitement that something has appeared or happened or "I came".[23]
ｷﾀﾜァ*･゜ﾟ･*:.｡..｡.:*･゜(n‘∀‘)ηﾟ･*:.｡. .｡.:*･゜ﾟ･* !!!!!	Girlish version of "It's here".[30]
(*´Д`)ﾊｧﾊｧ	Erotic stirring, haa haa[30]
(　´Д｀)ﾉ(´･ω･`)　ﾅﾃﾞﾅﾃﾞ	Patting, nade nade[30]
(*ﾟﾉOﾟ)<ｵｵｵｵｫｫｫｫｫｫｫｰｰｰｰｰｲ!	Calling out, "Ooooi!"[30]
( ﾟ∀ﾟ)ｱﾊﾊ八八ﾉヽﾉヽﾉヽﾉ ＼ / ＼/ ＼	Evil laugh (literally ahahaHAHA...)[30]
（・∀・ ）ヾ(- -；)コラコラ	Blaming "now now"[30]
お(^o^)や(^O^)す(^｡^)みぃ(^-^)ﾉﾞ	Kana reading "O ya su mi" meaning "Good night" or "Night"[30]

Multi-line 2channel emoticons

Icon	Meaning
<`∀´>	Stereotypical Korean character (Nidā)[30]
<丶｀∀´>
［(★)］ <丶´Д｀>	Stereotypical North Korean character (Kigā)[31]
∧＿∧ （ ；´Д｀）	Stereotypical Japanese character (Monā)[31]
∧∧ ／ 中＼ （ 　｀ハ´）	Stereotypical Chinese character (Sinā)[31]
∧∧ ／　台＼ （　＾∀＾）	Stereotypical Taiwanese character (Wanā)[31]
∧∧ ／ 越 ＼ （ ・∀・ ）	Stereotypical Vietnamese character (Venā)[31]
γ~三ヽ (三彡０ﾐ) （　´∀｀）	Stereotypical Indian Character (Monastē)[31]
|￣￣| ＿☆☆☆＿ （ ´_⊃｀）	Stereotypical American character (Samū)[31]
┏━┓ ━━━━━━ ﾐΘc_Θ-ﾐ	Stereotypical Jewish character (Yudā)[31]
＿＿ │〓.│ ━━━━━ ﾐ　´_＞｀）	Stereotypical English character (Jakū)[31]
____ （〓__＞ ξ ・_>・）	Stereotypical French character (Torirī)[31]
_、,_ ﾐ　　_⊃）	Stereotypical German character (Gerumandamu)[31]
≡≡彡 彡 ´_)｀ ）	Stereotypical Austrian character (Osutō)[31]
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ﾐ,,,☆;;;;;,ﾐ （｀c_ ´　）	Stereotypical Russian character (Rosukī)[31]
_γ⌒ヽ_ lXXXXXXXXl （　´ｍ｀）	Stereotypical Mexican character (Amīgo)[31]
_ <(o0o)> (>ミ - ミ )>	Stereotypical Persian character (jujø)[31]

Unicode characters

Many emoticons are included as characters in the Unicode standard, in the Miscellaneous Symbols block, the Emoticons block, and the Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs block.

Miscellaneous Symbols (partial)^[1]^[2]^[3] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

A

B

C

D

E

F

U+263x

☰

☱

☲

☳

☴

☵

☶

☷

☸

☹

☺

☻

☼

☽

☾

☿

Notes 1.^ As of Unicode version 13.0 2.^ Empty areas indicate code points assigned to non-emoticon characters 3.^ U+263A and U+263B are inherited from Microsoft code page 437 introduced in 1981, although inspired by older systems

Emoticons^[1] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

A

B

C

D

E

F

U+1F60x

😀

😁

😂

😃

😄

😅

😆

😇

😈

😉

😊

😋

😌

😍

😎

😏

U+1F61x

😐

😑

😒

😓

😔

😕

😖

😗

😘

😙

😚

😛

😜

😝

😞

😟

U+1F62x

😠

😡

😢

😣

😤

😥

😦

😧

😨

😩

😪

😫

😬

😭

😮

😯

U+1F63x

😰

😱

😲

😳

😴

😵

😶

😷

😸

😹

😺

😻

😼

😽

😾

😿

U+1F64x

🙀

🙁

🙂

🙃

🙄

🙅

🙆

🙇

🙈

🙉

🙊

🙋

🙌

🙍

🙎

🙏

Notes 1.^ As of Unicode version 13.0

Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs (partial)^[1]^[2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

A

B

C

D

E

F

U+1F91x

🤐

🤑

🤒

🤓

🤔

🤕

🤖

🤗

🤘

🤙

🤚

🤛

🤜

🤝

🤞

🤟

U+1F92x

🤠

🤡

🤢

🤣

🤤

🤥

🤦

🤧

🤨

🤩

🤪

🤫

🤬

🤭

🤮

🤯

U+1F93x

🤰

🤱

🤲

🤳

🤴

🤵

🤶

🤷

🤸

🤹

🤺

🤻

🤼

🤽

🤾

🤿

Notes 1.^ As of Unicode version 13.0 2.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points

References

1. "FAQ - Emoji & Dingbats". unicode.org. Unicode, Inc.
2. "Emoji and Dingbats". Unicode, Inc. 2014-04-21. Retrieved 2014-05-03.
3. "Facial expressions show language barriers too". Science X network. Retrieved 2014-03-13.
4. Paul H. Gil (June 2009). "Emoticons and Smileys 101". about.com. Retrieved 2009-08-02.
5. "Yahoo messenger emoticons". Archived from the original on 2009-07-10. Retrieved 2009-08-02.
6. "MSN messenger emoticons". Archived from the original on 2009-07-07. Retrieved 2009-08-02.
7. "List of Text Emoticons". cool-smileys.com. Archived from the original on 2012-07-31. Retrieved 2012-07-20.
8. "Texting Emoticons". vkqp.com. 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-03.
9. Orlowski, Andrew (2006-01-27). "Cingular applies to patent smileys". The Register. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
10. Williams, Alex (2007-07-29). "(-: Just Between You and Me ;-)". The New York Times. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
11. "Net For Beginners". Retrieved 2011-02-08.
12. "Tongue in Cheek". pc.net. Retrieved 2014-10-06.
13. Kyle (2017-11-05). "The so-called "Colbert emoji" is now available in Unicode 10.0 and on iOS". Medium. Retrieved 2017-12-09.
14. "🤨 Face With One Eyebrow Raised Emoji". Retrieved 2017-12-09.
15. "😬 Grimacing face emoji". Retrieved 2020-08-16.
16. Kent, Peter (2001). The Complete Idiot's Guide to the Internet. Indianapolis, IN: Penguin Books. p. 112. ISBN 0-7897-2523-1. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
17. Doll, Jen (2011-03-24). "Oxford English Dictionary Now Includes Heart". Village Voice. Archived from the original on 2012-10-22. Retrieved 2012-08-26.
18. "V=(° °)=V Crab Grab | FastEmoji". www.fastemoji.com. Retrieved 2021-01-31.
19. "[SOLVED] Is it possible to add a symbol to the character map?". LinuxQuestions.org. 2017-02-23. Retrieved 2017-07-10.
20. Pardee, Grant (2017-01-26). "The weird history of Le Lenny Face ( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°), the spammy meme that refuses to die". The Daily Dot. Retrieved 2017-12-09.
21. "Lenny Face - What Does Lenny Face Mean? | Memes by Dictionary.com". www.dictionary.com. Retrieved 2019-08-13.
22. "List of emoticons". Microsoft. Archived from the original on 2011-09-05. Retrieved 2011-12-17.
23. "List of emoticons commonly used in e-mail". goo.ne.jp. 2006-06-21. Archived from the original on 2012-01-01. Retrieved 2011-12-24. or Y-N, Ken (2006-08-14). "Top thirty Japanese emoticons". WhatJapanThinks.com. Retrieved 2011-02-07.
24. Conroy, Jade (2012-07-02). "Emoticon Yourself". HuffPost. Retrieved 2012-10-30.
25. "Face Palm". Emojicons.com. Retrieved 2015-11-25.
26. Markman, Kris M.; Oshima, Sae (2007-10-18). Pragmatic Play? Some Possible Functions of English Emoticons and Japanese Kaomoji in Computer-Mediated Discourse. Association of Internet Researchers Annual Conference 8.0: Let's Play!. pp. 12, 13.
27. Thomas, Miles (2018-10-22). "Why Did the Official Twitter Account Tweet "uwu"???". Crunchyroll News. Retrieved 2018-11-21.
28. Krishna, Rachael (2017-10-30). "People Have Discovered This Weird Furry Meme Is An Actual Word And It's Making Them Scream". Buzzfeed News. Retrieved 2019-04-04.
29. Rawson, James (2012-06-27). "Clip joint: Table flips". The Guardian. Retrieved 2012-11-18.
30. "2channel Board for Emoticons". 2channel. Archived from the original on 2009-02-20.
31. "（ ´_⊃｀）冷戦スレAA倉庫（｀c_ ´ ） - トップページ". Atwiki.jp (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 2009-07-20.