List of attacks on British aircraft during The Troubles

This is a list of attacks on British aircraft, both civilian and military, during The Troubles, an armed conflict that took place in Northern Ireland during the late 20th century and also known internationally as the Northern Ireland Conflict. All the incidents listed took place as part of the ongoing Provisional IRA armed campaign in Northern Ireland, most of them carried out against British Army Air Corps helicopters. The strategic goal of the IRA was to make the continued deployment of British garrisons in South Armagh and other border areas untenable. Since the mid-1970s, all resupply of these bases had to be conducted by helicopters departing from the heliport at Bessbrook Mills barracks because improvised explosive devices and ambushes severely restricted the British army's ability to move troops and supplies by road.[1][2] The South Armagh Brigade made the southern area of County Armagh the most dangerous operational area for British helicopters in Northern Ireland.[1][2]

1970-79
  • 3 July 1970 - A Sioux helicopter carrying 39th Infantry Brigade commander, Brigadier Peter Hudson, was forced to make an emergency landing in the belief that the rotorcraft had been hit by small arms fire during the Belfast riots that became known as the "Battle of Lower Falls".[3]
  • 9 October 1970 - A Sioux helicopter searching for militants who had blown up a customs post in County Fermanagh was fired on from across the border in the village of Cloghoge, County Cavan. A single round struck the aircraft's radio.[3]
  • 19 September 1971 - A helicopter supporting an ambushed Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) patrol under attack at Forhill, County Armagh was engaged by IRA members, who fired fifteen to twenty shots before retreating across the border.[3]
  • 13 October 1971 - A helicopter supporting British Army sappers preparing to sabotage a road at Dungooley, on the Louth-Armagh border, was forced to withdraw after coming under fire from an IRA force forty-strong during an engagement that lasted an hour and in which one British soldier was seriously injured.[3][4]
  • 13 October 1971 - A Sioux helicopter of the 16th/5th The Queen's Royal Lancers supporting sappers preparing to sabotage a road in County Tyrone came under small arms fire from three gunmen at Castlederg, scoring two hits. The pilot was forced to make a precautionary landing six miles away.[3]
  • 11 November 1971 - A helicopter was fired on from across the border while landing near Belleek RUC station, County Fermanagh. Four shots were fired at the aircraft but none hit. Soldiers returned fire and reportedly injured a man on the Donegal side of the border.[5]
  • 10 December 1971 - A helicopter and a Ferret armoured car were fired on while attending a cattle inspection post which had just been bombed near Killeen customs post outside Newry, County Armagh.[6]
  • 13 January 1972 - A Royal Marines Sioux helicopter was fired at and hit in Derry while carrying out a reconnaissance mission. The aircraft flew back to its base and landed safely.[7]
  • 31 July 1972 - A Westland Scout helicopter carrying a battalion commander was fired upon while flying above the Creggan, Derry during Operation Motorman. It was serving as an airborne command post to coordinate ground operations.[3]
  • 10 August 1972 - A Sioux helicopter was fired at and forced to pull out while responding to an IRA attack on a British Army permanent checkpoint in Crossmaglen.[8]
  • 3 November 1972 - A Scout helicopter was fired at by seven IRA members at Moybane near Crossmaglen. Soldiers onboard returned fire with their issued rifles. Neither side scored any hits.[8]
  • 14 December 1972 - A Sioux helicopter conducting a reconnaissance mission was fired at by several IRA members armed with M1 Garand rifles near Crossmaglen. Six rounds hit the helicopter slightly injuring an observer and causing damage to the aircraft. The pilot was forced to make an emergency landing at Crossmaglen base. The pilot also reported that a rocket exploded in front of the aircraft, almost certainly fired from an RPG-7 anti-tank rocket launcher.[8]
  • 15 November 1973 - A helicopter avoided being hit by an RPG-7 rocket while searching for an IRA unit responsible for a large-scale gun and bomb assault on the joint British Army/RUC base in Keady, County Armagh, where an IRA member, Micheal McVerry, had been killed.[9]
  • 8 March 1974 - A helicopter was fired on during an eighty-minute long engagement between British soldiers and gunmen across the border near Middletown, County Armagh.[10]
  • 6 April 1974 - A Sioux helicopter received over one hundred rounds, several of which hit the helicopter, while flying low over on border patrol near Crossmaglen.[8]
  • 23 July 1974 - A 2 pounds (0.91 kg) gelignite bomb was found aboard a British Airways flight from Aldergrove Airport, near Belfast, to London, following a telephoned warning. The flight made an emergency landing at Manchester Airport. The IRA claimed it had planted the bomb "to prove it could breach airport security", and that it had not been set to explode.[11]
  • 3 September 1974 - An Air Army Corps Scout helicopter, carrying a four-man strong Royal Marines team landed in Ballsmill, just 200 meters from the border[12] and not far from Silverbridge . Four IRA members had set up an ambush at an abandoned building and fired 79 shots at the aircraft. The marines returned fire, but the militants fled in car to the border. The Scout was hit eight times, but the pilot managed to flew it back to Forkhill.[13]
  • 22 September 1974 - A helicopter came under fire while flying along the Tyrone-Monaghan border and was forced to land in a field. An IRA statement claimed the 3rd Battalion of the East Tyrone Brigade was responsible.[14]
  • 14 December 1975 - A Scout helicopter was fired on and hit twice while flying south-west of Crossmaglen, forcing the pilot to make a precautionary landing.[8]
  • 31 January 1976 - A Scout helicopter came under fire from a position close to Kilnasaggart Bridge, near Jonesborough, County Armagh. The aircraft was hit three times but there were no injuries.[8]
  • 15 April 1976 - An RAF Wessex helicopter ferrying a number of paratroopers from Bessbrook to Crossmaglen was hit and badly damaged by automatic fire and an anti-tank RPG-7 rocket while in the process of landing on destination. The pilot, Mike Johnston, performed an emergency landing on a football pitch next to the barracks and wheeled the helicopter within the grounds of the base. Although seriously damaged, RAF pilot David Morgan flew the crippled machine back to Bessbrook on a single engine. The Wessex endured several weeks of repairs before returning to service.[15]
  • 4 October 1977 - An RAF Wessex helicopter was hit by an IRA sniper in Jonesborough, in South Armagh. A single shot hit and shattered the helicopter's windscreen, forcing the pilot to land in an open field.[16]
  • 17 February 1978 - An Army Air Corps Gazelle helicopter carrying Green Jackets Lieutenant Colonel Ian Corden-Lloyd crashed near the site of an ongoing engagement between a British army patrol and an IRA active service unit . The pilot attempted an evasive manoeuver while under heavy fire from an M60 machine gun, but lost control of the machine and hit the ground. The Lieutenant Colonel was killed and a captain and the pilot seriously wounded.[17][18]
  • 21 September 1978 - An IRA bomb attack on Eglinton airfield, County Londonderry, destroyed four civilian planes, two hangars and the terminal building.[19]
  • 3 March 1979 - An Army Air Corps Gazelle was lured into an ambush by an IRA unit setting up a bogus mortar attack in order to get the helicopter into a "killing zone", The IRA team used M60 machine guns and hit the machine nine times. The Gazelle was heavily damaged, and both the pilot and a Grenadier Guards Major were wounded. In spite of his injuries, the pilot flew the battered helicopter back to Crossmaglen base.[20][13]
  • 11 July 1979 - An RAF helicopter was hit by rifle fire after landing a joint RUC-British Army patrol at Lough Ross on the Armagh, Monaghan border. Fire was returned and they believed they scored a hit on an armed IRA man, one of three, who escaped across the border.[21][4]
  • 27 August 1979 - An RAF Wessex helicopter was damaged by the explosion of an IRA bomb while evacuating casualties during the Warrenpoint ambush.[22]
  • 10 September 1979 - An Army Air Corps Gazelle helicopter was hit by rifle fire as it flew along the border near Cullaville, County Armagh. The radio was damaged and a small electrical fire started but the pilot and passengers reached Crossmaglen barracks unharmed.[21]
  • 13 November 1979 - An Army Air Corps Beaver reconnaissance fixed-wing plane was hit five times by small arms fire while collecting photographic evidence from an IRA checkpoint near Crossmaglen. A Wessex helicopter flying above the Beaver was unable to intervene.[23]

1980-89
  • 7 May 1981 - An Army Air Corps Gazelle was hit by machine gun fire near Crossmaglen as it flew across the main Derry-Dublin road where IRA members were hijacking and torching vehicles following the death of IRA prisoner Bobby Sands. The pilot managed to return to base at Crossmaglen barracks.[24][21]
  • 20 July 1982 - An RAF Wessex was hit nine times over Croslieve mountain, west of Forkhill, by rounds fired from six different positons with automatic rifles, M60 and a .50 Browning machine gun, allegedly recovered by the IRA from an Allied aircraft that crashed on Lough Neagh during World War II.[25]
  • 9 August 1982 - An RAF Wessex was hit by smalls-arms fire near Jonesborough, County Armagh and the master air loadmaster received a minor shrapnel injury.[21]
  • 12 May 1983 - The same RAF Wessex targeted on 20 July 1982 was engaged once again by an IRA unit while carrying a team of seven Royal Marines[7] over Aughanduff Mountain, near Silverbridge, with the same weapons used in the previous incident.[25] The IRA unit attacked the Wessex from six firing points, spending 274 rounds. The helicopter was hit 23 times on its fuselage and main rotor blades, and suffered damage to the port engine, the hydraulics and fuel tanks.[7] Two soldiers were injured, one seriously.[26]
  • 22 June 1983 - An RAF Wessex received fire from an IRA Mark-10 mortar battery while approaching Crossmaglen barracks. The helicopter dropped its sling-lifted cargo into the street during the evasive manoeuver. The rotorcraft flew away unscathed, but a watchtower was damaged and a soldier wounded.[27]
  • 30 December 1983 - A British Army helicopter came under fire after intercepting armed raiders trying to hold up a Securicor cash-in-transit van at Creggan Bridge near Crossmaglen. The gunmen were forced to flee in their vehicle and escaped across the border.[28]
  • 24 May 1985 - An RAF Wessex was hit by heavy machine gun fire as it flew over Crossmaglen from a pair of .50 Browning machine guns mounted in the back of a lorry, concealed beneath a tarpaulin until immediately before firing. The Wessex diverted to Bessbrook and a soldier at Crossmaglen base opened fire; the IRA members continued to fire as they escaped across the border.[29]
  • 23 June 1988 - An Army Air Corps Lynx, flown by a Royal Navy pilot, was shot down over Aughanduff Mountain by an IRA unit armed with AK-47s, M60s and DShK s machine guns. The pilot crash-landed the machine in an open field near Cashel Lough Upper. One British servicemen was wounded.[30][31]
  • 13 December 1989 - An RAF Wessex supporting a counter-attack launched by a platoon of the King Own Scottish Borderers (KOSB) regiment was forced to take evasive action after coming under hostile fire from an IRA unit which had stormed Derryard checkpoint, County Fermanagh, using an improvised armoured truck.[32]

1990-98
  • 11 January 1990 - An Army Air Corps Gazelle was shot down over a border area between Augher and Derrygorry, County Tyrone, by an IRA active service unit from the East Tyrone Brigade. The helicopter was fired at from two heavy machine guns and three automatic rifles. Three soldiers onboard were wounded.[33]
  • 25 September 1990 - An Army Air Corps Lynx was fired at with two heavy machine guns by IRA members while approaching Crossmaglen base to drop rations.[34] One soldier on the ground was slightly wounded.[35]
  • 31 January 1991 - An RAF Wessex, taking off from the British Army base at Forkhill, South Armagh, and carrying a number of soldiers, received a stream of up to 89 rounds from a heavy machine gun and a general purpose machine gun. The helicopter disengaged successfully after being hit by one bullet.[36]
  • 13 February 1991 - An Army Air Corps Lynx was brought down near Silverbridge after taking fire while approaching Crossmaglen base. The helicopter, hit by nine light machine gun rounds, jettisoned the supplies it was lifting before crash-landing.[37]
  • 15 February 1991 - An Army Air Corps Lynx helicopter that was extracting soldiers from the Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment after a border patrol from St Angelo Barracks, Trory, County Fermanagh, became the target of automatic weapons on two different occasions; one while approaching the landing zone and the second when searching for the IRA firing position.[38] The attack, claimed by the East Tyrone Brigade, took place south of Clogher, in County Tyrone. More than 360 rounds were fired from across the border. The helicopter was forced to abort the landing and return to base.[39][40]
  • 2 March 1991 - An Army Air Corps Lynx helicopter came under fire from a machine gun mounted on the back of a truck in an improvised armoured turret, supported by IRA volunteers with rifles in Crossmaglen. There was no immediate reaction from British security forces although the joint RUC/Army base was just 50 yards away. The shooting was filmed by a Dublin television crew who happened to be outside Crossmaglen Health Centre.[41][42][43]
  • 19 July 1991 - An RAF Wessex became the target of an IRA SA-7 surface-to-air missile near Kinawley in County Fermanagh. The missile failed to lock onto the helicopter and exploded on the ground.[44] The IRA claimed they had fired an RPG-7.[45]
  • 2 August 1991 - An RAF Puma landing troops was targeted at Newtownhamilton barracks, South Armagh, by what author Chris Ryder describes as three "radio controlled warheads", whose explosions around the landing area forced the pilot to lift off. The next day, ordnance disposal teams found that the missiles were Mark-12 horizontal mortars, fired from a garage in the town center.[46]
  • 16 March 1992 - Two Army Air Corps Lynx were fired at by an IRA unit from the South Fermanagh Brigade armed with heavy machine guns near Rosslea, County Fermanagh. More than 1,000 rounds were spent.[47][48]
  • 29 May 1992 - An RAF Wessex dropped off soldiers of the Parachute Regiment near Cappagh, County Tyrone, where they spotted three individuals with a GPMG stolen during unrest in Coalisland eleven days earlier. apparently foiling an IRA plot to attack a helicopter. One member of the three-man ASU was arrested by the RUC after fleeing in a car pursued by the Wessex.[49][50] Republican politician Bernardette McAliskey suggested that the recovery of the machine gun was actually staged by the security forces as a publicity stunt.[51]
  • 12 August 1992 - An RAF Wessex received fire from an AK-47 assault rifle at Strabane, County Tyrone, during a hot pursuit after a Green Jackets patrol was harassed with sniper fire. The IRA unit responsible for the attacks, fleeing the scene on a Ford Sierra, was engaged by soldiers manning a checkpoint, and one of its members was wounded. The militants' getaway was tracked by the helicopter, which led to the capture of the injured man.[52]
  • 8 January 1993 - An Army Air Corps Lynx was engaged with machine-gun fire at Mullan Bridge, Kinawley, County Fermanagh, while responding to an IRA mortar attack on a British army outpost. The Lynx door-gunner returned fire with a general purpose machine gun.[53][7]
  • 11 June 1993 - An RAF Puma had a narrow escape when a barrack buster Mark-15 mortar was fired at the helipad of the Army/RUC base at Crossmaglen shortly after take-off.[54]
  • 23 September 1993 - Four Army Air Corps Lynx were involved in a running gun battle with five IRA armed trucks after assault rifles and heavy machine guns were fired from the vehicles at an RAF Puma helicopter taking off from Crossmaglen barracks.[55][56] The Puma and the Lynx were hit and damaged.[57] The engagement became known as the "Battle of Newry Road".[58]
  • 12 December 1993 - An Army Air Corps Lynx received automatic rifle fire over the surroundings of Fivemiletown, County Tyrone, while searching for the perpetrators of an IRA ambush on an undercover RUC mobile patrol in the town, where two RUC constables from RUC Clogher base were killed. The IRA unit slipped away.[59][60]
  • 8-13 March 1994: The IRA launched a string of three Mark-10 mortar attacks in five days on Heathrow airport. In all, 12 mortar rounds were fired; none of them exploded, but the third attack forced to close down operations at Heathrow and Gatwick airports for two hours.[61]
  • 19 March 1994 - An Army Air Corps Lynx was shot down by an IRA Mark-15 mortar round while landing in Crossmaglen helipad. Three soldiers and an RUC constable were wounded.[62]
  • 12 July 1994 - An RAF Puma was shot down over Newtownhamilton by an IRA Mark-15 mortar round while carrying 11 soldiers and one RUC constable. The helicopter crashed on a football pitch. Only minor injuries were reported.[62][63] The Puma sustained Category 3 or Category 4 damage on the RAF scale.[64][65][66]

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Bibliography
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