List of Mesopotamian dynasties

Early Dynastic period

Mesopotamia Early Dynastic period King list

Date	Lagash	Umma	Uruk	Ur	King of Kish
2500 BC	Urnanshe	Pabilgaltukh		Meskalamdug	Meskalamdug
	Akurgal	Ush		Akalamdug
2450 BC	Eanatum	Enakale		Mesannepada Aannepada	Mesannepada Eanatum
	Enanatum I	Urluma		Meskiagnuna
2400 BC	Entemena		Lugalkiginedudu	Lugalkiginedudu	Lugalkiginedudu
	Enanatum II		Lugalkisalsi	Lugalkisalsi
	Enentarsi	Gishakidu U' u		Elili	Lugalsilasi
	Lugalanda		Urzage Lugal-TAR		Urzage
2350 BC	UruKAgina	Lugalzagesi	Enshakushana		Enbi' ishtar
			Lugalzagesi		Urzababa
					Sargon of Akkad

[1]

Late third to mid-second millennium BC

Mesopotamia early period king list[2]

Dynasty of Agade
2300 BC	Sargon of Akkad 2334–2279 BC
	Rimush 2278–2270 BC
	Manishtusu　2269–2255 BC
	Naram-Sin 2254–2218 BC
2200 BC	Sharkalisharri 2217–2193 BC
	King unknown 2192–2190 BC
	Dudu 2189–2169 BC	Gudea (2nd Dynasty of Lagash]])
	Shu-Turul 2168–2154 BC
3rd Dynasty of Ur
	Ur-Namma 2112–2095 BC
2110 BC	Shulgi 2094–2047 BC
	Amar-Sin 2046–2038 BC
	Shu-Sin 2037–2029 BC
	Ibbi-Sin 2028–2004 BC
Isin-Larsa/Old Babylonian Period
	Isin	Larsa	Babylon	Assur
	Ishbi-Erra 2017–1985 BC	Naplanum 2025–2005 BC		Ushpia circa 2030 BC
2000 BC		Emisum 2004–1977 BC		Apiashal
	Shu-Ilishu 1984–1975 BC			Sulili
	Iddin-Dagan 1974–1954 BC	Samium 1976–1942 BC
	Ishme-Dagan 1953–1935 BC	Zambaja 1941–1933 BC		Kikkiya
	Lipit-Ishtar 1934–1924 BC	Gungunum 1932–1906 BC		Akiya
	Ur-Ninurta 1923–1896 BC			Puzur-Ashur I circa 1975 BC
1900 BC	Bur-Sin 1895–1897 BC	Abisare 1905–1895 BC		Shalim-ahum died 1946 BC
	Lipit-Enlil 1873–1869 BC	Sumuel 1894–1866 BC	Sumuabum 1894–1881 BC	Ilu-shumma 1945–1906 BC
	Erra-imitti 1868–1861 BC	Nur-Adad 1865–1850 BC	Sumulael 1880–1845 BC	Erishum I 1905–1867 BC
	Enlil-bani 1860–1837 BC	Sin-Iddinam 1849–1843 BC
	Zambiya 1836–1834 BC	Sin-Eribam 1842–1841 BC	Sabium 1844–1831 BC	Ikunun 1867–1860 BC
	Iter-pisha 1833–1831 BC	Sin-Iqisham 1840–1836 BC		Sargon I 1865 BC
	Ur-du-kuga 1830–1828 BC	Silli-Adad 1835 BC	Apil-Sin 1830–1813 BC	Puzur-Assur II
	Suen-magir 1827–1817 BC	Warad-Sin 1834–1823 BC		Erishum II 1819–1814 BC
1800 BC	Damiq-ilishu 1816–1794 BC	Rim-Sin I 1822–1763 BC	Sin-muballit 1812–1793 BC	Shamshi-Adad I 1813–1781 BC
			Hammurabi 1792–1750 BC	Ishme-Dagan 1790–1751 BC
		Rim-Sin II	Samsuiluna 1749–1712 BC	Mut-Ashkur 1750
1700 BC			Abi-eshuh 1711–1684 BC	Rimush
			Ammiditana 1683–1647 BC	Asinum
			Ammisaduqa 1646–1626 BC	Adasi 1720 BC
1600 BC			Samsuditana 1625–1595 BC
"Dark Age"

[3]

Mitanni

Mitanni king list

Shuttarna I（son of Kirta）
Parattarnar
Saushtatar（son of Parsatatar）
Artatama I
Shuttarna II
Artashumara
Tushratta	Artatama II
Shattiwaza	Shuttarna III
Shattuara
Wasashatta
Shattuara II

[4]

Mid-second to first millennium BC

Mesopotamia later period king list

	Babylonia	Assyria
Kassite Dynasty [5]
	Gandaš
	Agum Maḫrû
	Kaštiliašu I
	? Abi-Rattaš
	? Kaštiliašu II
	Urzigurumaš
	Ḫarba-x, ? Ḫurbazum
	? Šipta’ulzi
	? Agum-Kakrime
1500 BC	Burna-Buriaš I	Puzur-Aššur III 1503–1479 BC
	? Kaštiliašu III
	? Ulamburiaš
	? Agum III
	?
	Kara-indaš 1413 BC	Aššur-bêl-nišešu 1407–1399 BC
1400 BC	Kadašman-Ḫarbe I	Middle Assyrian Kingdom
	Kurigalzu I
	Kadašman-Enlil I 1374–1360 BC	Aššur-uballiṭ 1363–1328 BC
	Burna-Buriaš II 1359–1333 BC
	Kara-ḫardaš 1333 BC
	Nazi-Bugaš 1333 BC
	Kurigalzu II 1332–1308 BC	Enlil-nīrāri 1327–1318 BC Arik-den-ili 1317–1306 BC
1300 BC	Nazi-Maruttaš 1307–1282 BC	Adad-nīrāri I 1305–1274 BC
	Kadašman-Turgu 1281–1264 BC	Shalmaneser I 1273–1244 BC
	Kadašman-Enlil II 1263–1255 BC
	Kudur-Enlil 1254–1246 BC
	Šagarakti-Šuriaš 1245–1233 BC	Tukulti-Ninurta I 1243–1207 BC
	Kaštiliašu IV 1232–1225 BC
	Enlil-nādin-šumi 1224 BC
	Kadašman-Ḫarbe II 1223 BC
	Adad-šuma-iddina 1222–1217 BC
1200 BC	Adad-šuma-uṣur 1216–1187 BC	Assur-nadin-apli 1206–1203 BC Assur-nirari III 1202–1197 BC Enlil-Kudurri-usur 1196–1192 BC Ninuta-apil-ekur 1191–1179 BC
	Meli-Šipak 1186–1172 BC	Aššur-dan I 1178–1133 BC
	Marduk-apla-iddina I 1171–1159 BC
	Zababa-šuma-iddina 1158 BC
	Enlil-nādin-aḫi 1157–1155 BC
Post-Kassite Period[2]
Second Dynasty of Isin
	Marduk-kabit-ahheshu 1157–1140 BC
	Itti-Marduk-balatu 1139–1132 BC	Assur-resh-ishi I 1132–1115 BC
	Ninurta-nadin-shumi 1131–1126 BC
	Nebuchadnezzar I 1125–1104 BC	Tiglath-Pileser I 1114–1076 BC
	Enlil-nadin-apli 1103–1100 BC
1100 BC	Marduk-nadin-ahhe 1099–1082 BC
	Marduk-shapik-zeri 1081–1069 BC
	Adad-apla-iddina 1068–1047 BC	Ashurnasirpal I 1049-1031 BC
	Marduk-ahhe-eriba 1046 BC
	Marduk-zer-X 1045–1034 BC
	Nabu-shum-libur 1033–1026 BC
Second Sealand Dynasty
	Simbar-shipak 1025–1008 BC
	Ea-mukin-zeri 1008 BC
	Kashshu-nadin-ahi 1007–1005 BC
Bazi Dynasty 1004–985 BC
1000 BC	Eulmash-shakin-shumi 1004–988 BC
	Ninurta-kudurri-usur I 987–985 BC
	Shirikti-shuqamuna 985 BC
Elamite Dynasty 984–979 BC
	Mar-biti-apla-usur 984–979 BC
Various Dynasties 978–626 BC
	Nabû-mukin-apli 978–943 BC
	Ninurta-kudurri-usur II 943 BC
	Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina 942 BC	Neo-Assyrian Empire
	Shamash-mudammiq
	Nabu-shuma-ukin I	Assur-dan II 934–912 BC
900 BC	Napu-apla-iddina	Adad-nirari II 911–891 BC
	Marduk-zakir-shumi I	Tukulti-Ninurta II 890–884 BC
	Marduk-balassu-iqbi 813 BC	Assurnasirpal II 883–859 BC
	Baba-aha-iddina 812 BC	Shalmaneser III 858–824 BC
	XNinurta-apl?-[x]	Shamshi-Adad V 823–811 BC
800 BC	Marduk-bel-zeri	Adad-nirari III 810–783 BC
	Marduk-apla-usur	Shalmaneser IV 782–773 BC
	Eriba-Marduk	Assur-dan III 772–755 BC
	Nabu-shuma-ishkun 760–748 BC	Assur-nirari V 754–745 BC
	Nabu-nasir 747–734 BC	Tiglath-pileser III 744–727 BC
	Nabu-nadin-zeri 733–732 BC
	Nabu-shuma-ukin II 732 BC
	Nabu-mukin-zeri 731–729 BC
	Tiglath-pileser III/Pulu 728–727 BC
	Shalmaneser V/Ululaju 726–722 BC	Shalmaneser V 726–722 BC
	Merodach-Baladan II 721–710 BC	Sargon II 721–705 BC
	Sargon II709–705 BC
	Sennacherib 704–703 BC	Sennacherib 704–681 BC
	Marduk-zakir-shumi 703 BC
	Merodach-Baladan II 703 BC
700 BC	Bel-ibni 702–700 BC
	Assur-nadin-shumi 699–694 BC
	Nergal-ushezib 693 BC
	Mushezib-Marduk 692–689 BC
	Sennacherib 688–681 BC
	Esarhaddon 680–669 BC	Esarhaddon 680–669 BC
	Ashurbanipal 668 BC	Ashurbanipal 668–627 BC
	Shamash-shum-ukin 667–648 BC
	Kandalanu 646–627 BC
	interregnum	Assur-etel-ilani
	Sin-shuma-lishir	Sin-shuma-lishir
	Sin-shar-ishkun	Sin-shar-ishkun
		Assur-uballit II 611–608 BC
Neo-Babylonian Dynasty
600 BC	Nabopolasser 625–605 BC
	Nebuchadnezzar II 604–562 BC
	Evil-Merodach 561–560 BC
	Neriglissar 559–556 BC
	Labashi-Marduk 556 BC
	Nabonidus 555–539 BC

[6]

Eclipse and Venus observation records

Venus Tablet of Ammisaduqa

Base on an Assyria record of Eclipse on June 15, 763 BC, and the related date documents between Assyria and Babylonia, the dates after 1400 BC are reliable. According to the Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa, a record of astronomical observations of Venus in Old Babylonian Empire king Ammisaduqa (1646–1626 BC), the rough date can be concluded. But about the accuracy date, the Historians have different opinions, in high chronology the finish date of Old Babylonian is 1651 BC, in middle chronology the finish date of Old Babylonian is 1595 BC，and in low chronology the finish date of Old Babylonian is 1531 BC. In this article we use the middle chronology, same as most of the books about Mesopotamia, but there are many evidence support the low chronology (even extreme low chronology).[7]

See also

• Chronology of the ancient Near East
• Short chronology timeline

Notes

1. The University of Pennsylvania Museum & Beijing World Art Museum 2007, p. 153
2. J. A. Brinkman (1977). "Appendix: Mesopotamian Chronology of the Historical Period". In A. L. Oppenheim (ed.). Ancient Mesopotamia: Portrait of a Dead Civilization. Chicago. pp. 335–348.
3. The University of Pennsylvania Museum & Beijing World Art Museum 2007, pp. 154–155
4. The University of Pennsylvania Museum & Beijing World Art Museum 2007, p. 156
5. J. A. Brinkman (1976). "A Chronology of the Kassite Dynasty". Materials for the Study of Kassite History, Vol. I. Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. pp. 26–27.
6. The University of Pennsylvania Museum & Beijing World Art Museum 2007, pp. 157–159
7. The University of Pennsylvania Museum & Beijing World Art Museum 2007, pp. 27–28

Bibliography

• The University of Pennsylvania Museum; Beijing World Art Museum (Feb 2007). Mesopotamia (in Chinese) (1st ed.). Beijing: Heritage Press. ISBN 978-7-5010-2112-3.