List of Arabic dictionaries

The following is a list of notable Arabic dictionaries.

Title Author Date Vocabulary Notes
Kitab al-Ayn[n 1]
(Arabic: كتاب العين‎)		 Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi
(Arabic: الخليل بن أحمد الفراهيدي‎)
(b. 718 - d. 791)		 8th century
  • Kitab al-Ayn was the first dictionary for the Arabic language.[1]
Kitab al-Jim[n 2]
(Arabic: كتاب الجيم‎)
a.k.a. Kitab al-Lughat or Kitab al-Huruf		 Abu Amr al-Shaybani
(Arabic: أبو عمرو الشيباني‎)
(b. ca. 738 - d. 828)		 8-9th century
  • The only copy is in the El Escorial Library.[2]
Al-Jamhara al-Lugha[n 3]
(Arabic: جمهرة اللغة‎)
a.k.a. Al-Jamhara fi al-Lugha (The all-embracing in language)[3]		 Ibn Duraid[4]
(Arabic: ابن دريد‎)
(b. 838 - d. 933)		 9-10th century
  • The dictionary was inspired in part by the earlier dictionary Kitab al-Ayn of al-Farahidi.[5]
Tahdhib al-Lugha[n 4]
(Arabic: تهذيب اللغة‎)		 Abu Manshur al-Azhari al-Harawi
(Arabic: أبو منصور الأزهري الهروي‎)
(b. 895 - d. 981)		 10th century
  • The dictionary is important as a source of the Lisan al-Arab.[6]
Al-Muhit fi al-Lugha[n 5]
(Arabic: المحيط في اللغة‎)		 Al-Sahib ibn Abbad
(Arabic: الصاحب بن عبّاد‎)
(b. 938 - d. 995)		 10th century
    Taj al-Lugha wa Sihah al-Arabiyya[n 6]
    (Arabic: تاج اللغة وصحاح العربية‎)
    shorter title: Taj al-Lugha or al-Sihah    		 Ismail ibn Hammad al-Jawhari
    (Arabic: إسماعيل بن حماد الجوهري‎)
    (b. ? - d. 1009)    		 10-11th century It contains about 40,000 dictionary entries.[7]
    Al-Muhkam wa al-Muhit al-A'zam[n 7]
    (Arabic: المحكم والمحيط الأعظم‎)
    shorter title: Al-Muhkam    		 Ibn Sidah
    (Arabic: ابن سيده‎)
    (b. 1007 - d. 1066)    		 11th century
    Lisan al-Arab[n 8]
    (Arabic: لسان العرب‎)    		 Ibn Manzur
    (Arabic: ابن منظور‎)
    (b. 1233 - d. 1312)    		 The dictionary was completed in 1290.[10] It contains about 80,000 dictionary entries.[11]
      Al-Qamus al-Muhit wa al-Qabus al-Wasit[n 9] [n 10]
      (Arabic: القاموس المحيط، والقابوس الوسيط‎)
      shorter title: Al-Qamus al-Muhit      		 Al-Firuzabadi
      (Arabic: الفيروزآبادي‎)
      (b. 1329 - d. 1414)      		 The dictionary was completed in 1410.[12] It contains about 60,000 dictionary entries.[13]
      • The dictionary served as the basis of later European dictionaries of Arabic.[14]
      Taj al-Arus Min Jawahir al-Qamus[n 11]
      (Arabic: تاج العروس‎)
      shorter title: Taj al-Arus      		 Al-Murtada al-Zabidi
      (Arabic: المرتضى الزبيدي‎)
      (b. 1731 - d. 1790)      		 The dictionary was completed in 1774.[15] It contains about 120,000 dictionary entries.[16]
        Muhit al-Muhit[n 12]
        (Arabic: محيط المحيط‎)
        a.k.a. Qutr al-Muhit (The Diameter of the Ocean)[17]        		 Butrus al-Bustani
        (Arabic: بطرس البستاني‎)
        (b. 1819 - d. 1883)        		 The dictionary was completed in 1870.[18]
        • The author had dedicated the work to the Sultan Abdulaziz. The sultan awarded him with a higher medal and 250 golden liras.[19]
        Lexicon of the Modern Arabic Language
        (Arabic: معجم اللغة العربية المعاصرة‎)        		 Ahmad Mukhtar Omar 2008

        See also

        Notes
        1. The name means "Book of the Ayn (Letter)".
        2. The name means "Book of the Jim (Letter)".
        3. The name means "Collection of Language".
        4. The name means "Refinement of Language".
        5. The name means "Ocean in Language".
        6. The name means "The crown of Language and the authentic of Arabic".
        7. The name means "The arbitrator and the Great Ocean".
        8. The name means "The tongue of the Arabs".
        9. Al-Qamus al-Muhit means "The surrounding Ocean".
        10. The Qamus - which may be derived from Greek okeanos became, and has remained, the commonest Arabic word for dictionary.
        11. The name means "The bride's crown from the pearls of the Qamus (Ocean)".
        12. The name means "Circumference of the Ocean".

        References
        1. "Al-Khalīl ibn Aḥmad" Encyclopædia Britannica Retrieved 02 February 2015
        2. "İslâm Ansiklopedisi Online (in Turkish)" PDF "TDV Encyclopedia of Islam". Retrieved 31 January 2015
        3. Hausmann, F. J. Dictionnaires, P.2441
        4. "Ibn Durayd" Encyclopædia Britannica Retrieved 02 February 2015
        5. "Ibn Durayd" Encyclopædia Britannica Retrieved 30 May 2015
        6. Arabic Lexicography: Its History, and Its Place in the General History of Lexicography, John A. Haywood, p. 53.
        7. "İslâm Ansiklopedisi Online (in Turkish)" PDF "TDV Encyclopedia of Islam". Retrieved 02 February 2015
        8. "İslâm Ansiklopedisi Online (in Turkish)" PDF "TDV Encyclopedia of Islam". Retrieved 02 February 2015
        9. Arabic Lexicography: Its History, and Its Place in the General History of Lexicography, John A. Haywood, p. 65.
        10. "İslâm Ansiklopedisi Online (in Turkish)" PDF "TDV Encyclopedia of Islam". Retrieved 02 February 2015
        11. "İslâm Ansiklopedisi Online (in Turkish)" PDF "TDV Encyclopedia of Islam". Retrieved 02 February 2015
        12. "İslâm Ansiklopedisi Online (in Turkish)" PDF "TDV Encyclopedia of Islam". Retrieved 02 February 2015
        13. "İslâm Ansiklopedisi Online (in Turkish)" PDF "TDV Encyclopedia of Islam". Retrieved 02 February 2015
        14. "Al-Fīrūzābādī" Encyclopædia Britannica Retrieved 02 February 2015
        15. Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature, Vol.2, Julie Scott Meisami and Paul Starkey, p.817.
        16. Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature, Vol.2, Julie Scott Meisami and Paul Starkey, p.817.
        17. al-hakawati Butros Bustani Retrieved 02 February 2015
        18. al-hakawati Butros Bustani Retrieved 02 February 2015
        19. "İslâm Ansiklopedisi Online (in Turkish)" Muhitü'l-Muhit article PDF. TDV Encyclopedia of Islam. Retrieved 05 June 2015
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