List of African-American newspapers in New York

This is a list of African-American newspapers that have been published in the state of New York. It includes both current and historical newspapers. New York was the birthplace of the African American press, with the publication of Freedom's Journal in 1827, and has remained a vibrant center of publishing ever since.

Inaugural issue of Freedom's Journal, published on Varick Street in Manhattan in 1827.

Newspapers

Upstate

An 1856 issue of The North Star, published at Rochester.

For the purpose of this list, Upstate New York is the entirety of New York State outside of New York City and Long Island.

City	Title	Beginning	End	Frequency	Call numbers	Remarks
Albany	Albany Capitol	1890s[1]	?[1]	Monthly newspaper[1]	LCCN sn88074173 OCLC 17845789	Attested in at least 1894.[1]
Albany	The Community Chronicle The Community News (1993)[2]	1993[3]	1990s[3]	Monthly newspaper[3]	LCCN sn94057530 OCLC 29973149	Attested through at least 1994.[3] Edited by Arthur Mitchell.[3]
Albany / Buffalo	The Fortnightly Spectator	1899[4]	1900s[4]	Biweekly[4]	LCCN sn88074128 OCLC 17383311	Attested through at least 1900.[4]
Albany	The Albany Liberator	1960s[5]	1900s[5]	Biweekly[5]	LCCN 2003252468, sn93023929 OCLC 7379634, 1479007	Attested from at least 1967–1968.[5]
Albany	The New York Sojourner-Herald The Sojourn-Herald (1993–1994)[6]	1993[6]	?	Monthly newspaper[7]	ISSN 2574-6537 LCCN 2014254332, sn94057584 OCLC 664611392, 30534090 Sojourn-Herald: LCCN sn94057531 OCLC 29973340	Extant through at least 1998.[7] Edited by Paul C. Webster.[6]
Albany	The Northern Star and Freeman’s Advocate	1842[8]	1843[8]	Weekly[8] or monthly[9]	LCCN sn83027104, 2014254008 OCLC 10126298, 2771128, 851183192
Albany	The Scene South End Scene[10]	1977[10]	1990s[11]	Monthly newspaper[11]	LCCN sn88074121 OCLC 17383253 South End Scene: LCCN sn85054474 OCLC 6833043
Albany	Urban Voices	2000[12]	?	Monthly newspaper[12]	LCCN sn00063004 OCLC 43464870	"Executive editor: Kenneth Braswell; contributing editor: Carolee Sherwood."[12]
Albany	Whazup!	1994[13]	1990s[13]	Monthly newspaper[13]	LCCN sn00063136 OCLC 32473746	Attested through at least 1995.[13]
Buffalo	The Buffalo American	1920[14]	?	Weekly[14]	LCCN sn89080114 OCLC 25566195, 3855347
Buffalo	Black News	1970[15]	?[15]	Unknown[15]
Buffalo	The Buffalo Broadcaster	1937?[16]	?[16]	Weekly[16]
Buffalo	The Buffalo Criterion / The Metropolitan Buffalo Criterion (1973–1978)[17]	1925[18]	current	Weekly[18]		Hiatus from 1973 to 1978.
Buffalo	The Empire Star Weekly The Empire Star (1948–1953)[19]	1948[19]	?[20]	Weekly[20]	LCCN sn88074214, sn8807435 OCLC 17892949	Circulation of 8,115 in 1951.[21]
Buffalo	Empire State Bulletin	1966[22]	1900s[22]	Weekly[22]	LCCN sn95071157 OCLC 32217750
Buffalo	Fine Print	1972?[23]	?[23]	Weekly[23]	LCCN sn8205865 OCLC 4408200	Published by Ronald H. Fleming. Edited by Carolyn Fleming.[23]
Buffalo	The Buffalo Guardian	1946[24]	1900s[24]	Weekly[24]	LCCN sn95071172 OCLC 32656938	Edited by Eric E.L. Hercules.[24]
Buffalo	The Buffalo Newscaster	1963[25]	1900s[25]	Weekly[25]	LCCN sn95071165 OCLC 32217727	Edited by Calvin Kimbrough.[25]
Buffalo	Buffalo Spokesman	1928?[26]	?[26]	Weekly[26]
Buffalo	Buffalo Weekly Challenger	1977[27]	1979[27]	Weekly[27]	ISSN 0278-3320 LCCN sc80001806 OCLC 4231809
Buffalo	Challenger Community News / Challenger / Buffalo, New York Challenger News Weekly[28] / Buffalo Challenger (1979–1981)[29] Challenger News Weekly	1962[30]	current	Weekly[30]	ISSN 1040-8886 LCCN sn93063790, sc8001806, sn93063791, sn8808776 OCLC 4231848, 4231809, 20021548, 18572480	Official site
Hastings on Hudson	The Westchester County Press	1928[31]	current	Weekly[31]	ISSN 0043-3373 LCCN sn78001164 OCLC 3961369	Published in White Plains from May 4 to December 28, 1989.[32] Edited and published by Sandra Blackwell as of 2018.[33] Circulation of 12,000.[34]
Ithaca	The Monitor	1923[35]	1900s[35]	Monthly newspaper[35]	LCCN sn91066131 OCLC 23055790	Published by J. Elliott Douglass, Jr.[35]
Ithaca	The Wheat Street Independent	1990[36]	?	Monthly newspaper[36]	LCCN sn91066181 OCLC 23232383	Motto: "Until the last blade of grass is free."[36]
Mount Vernon	The Westchester Observer	1947?[37]	1971?[37]	Weekly[37]	LCCN sn2002061468 OCLC 26522048	Edited and published by Ben Anderson.[37]
Newburgh	The Hudson Valley Black Press	1983[38] or 1984[39]	current	Weekly[39]	ISSN 1527-3709 LCCN sn910666240 OCLC 24124499	Official site
Poughkeepsie	Mid-Hudson Herald	1968[40]	1900s[40]	Biweekly[40]	LCCN sn90066260 OCLC 22369535
Rochester	Rochester Challenger	1962[41]	1971?[41]	Weekly[41]	LCCN sn93063790 OCLC 4231848
Rochester	The Communicade	1972[42] or 1973?[43]	?[43]	Biweekly[43]	LCCN sn88074065 OCLC 5510824
Rochester	Douglass' Monthly	1858[44]	1863[44]	Monthly newspaper[44]	LCCN sn87070160, 2020260054 OCLC 1566916, 708102351	Edited by Frederick Douglass.[44]
Rochester	Frederick Douglass Voice	1967[45]	1970s[45]	Biweekly[45]	LCCN sn88074779 OCLC 18545146
Rochester	Frederick Douglass Voice	1934?[46]	?[46]	Weekly[46]	LCCN sn88074780, sn88074779 OCLC 18545040, 18545146	Published by Howard W. Coles. Edited by Alma K. Coles.[46]
Rochester	Frederick Douglass' Paper	1851[47]	1860[47]	Weekly[47]	LCCN sn84026366 OCLC 4732866, 10426474	Published by Frederick Douglass.
Rochester	The North Star	1847[48]	1851[48]	Weekly[48]	LCCN sn84026364 OCLC 10426469	Published by John Dick. Edited by Frederick Douglass.[48]
Rochester	Star			Weekly[49]		Circulation of 2,825 in 1951.[49]
Rochester	The Voice Rochester Voice[50] Voice of New York State[50]	1933[51]	1967[50]	Biweekly[51]	LCCN sn88074778, sn88074780 OCLC 18544932	Circulation of 3,267 in 1951.[49]
Schenectady	The Communicator	1993[52]	?	Monthly newspaper[52]	LCCN sn97063701 OCLC 38086314	In English and Spanish.[52]
Syracuse	The Syracuse Banner	1980[53]	?	Irregular[53]	LCCN sn91066498 OCLC 23674824	Published in Dewitt, New York from 1981 to 1986.[53]
Syracuse	CNY Syracuse Gazette	1980[54]	1980[54]	Weekly[54]	LCCN sn92061464 OCLC 25271649
Syracuse	Syracuse Challenger	1970[55]	1900s[55]	Weekly[55]	LCCN sn92061841 OCLC 25895812
Syracuse	The Syracuse Constitution	1989[56]	?	Irregular[56]	LCCN sn92061461 OCLC 25262719	Attested through at least 2000.[56]
Syracuse	The Syracuse Crusader	1988[57]	?	Monthly newspaper[57]	LCCN sn92061462 OCLC 25271475
Syracuse	Syracuse Gazette News Weekly	1973[58]	1976[58]	Irregular[58]	LCCN sn92061842 OCLC 25896033
Syracuse	Syracuse Gazette	1900s[59]	1973[59]	Irregular[59]	LCCN sn92061463 OCLC 25271569
Syracuse	The Syracuse Gazette	1976[60]	1980[60]	Weekly[60]	LCCN sn92061843 OCLC 25901837
Syracuse	Home Town News	1960s[61]	1960s[61]	Weekly[61]	LCCN sn88084251 OCLC 18487444	Published by Chris Powell.[61]
Syracuse	The Impartial Citizen	1980[62]	?	Weekly	ISSN 0738-9116 LCCN sn83004203, sn94086256 OCLC 9668392, 32330870	Billed as "[t]he nation's first multi-ethnic newspaper."[62] Extant through at least 1990.[63] Some articles in Spanish.[63]
Syracuse	Progressive Herald	1932[64]	1957[64]	Weekly[64]	LCCN sn91066448 OCLC 23610089	Official organ of the Federation of Colored Men's Clubs.[64] Circulation of 5,500 in 1951.[49]
Utica	The Utica Sentinel / The Black Sentinel (1983)[65]	1983[66]	1900s[66]	Monthly newspaper[66]	LCCN sn91066912 OCLC 24357521	Published by Suzanne M. Felton and Willie R. Felton.[66]
Utica	The Western Echo	1870s[67]	?[67]		LCCN sn89071393 OCLC 20303111	Extant through at least 1878.[67]
White Plains	The Westchester County Press	1928[68]	2010s	Weekly[68]	LCCN sn7801164 OCLC 3961369

Long Island

City	Title	Beginning	End	Frequency	Call numbers	Remarks
Freeport	Community Journal	1993[69]	?	Biweekly[69]	LCCN sn95071199 OCLC 32455893
Great Neck	New York Trend	1991[70]		Bimonthly newspaper[70]	ISSN 1083-5822 LCCN sn95004098 OCLC 32848337
Hempstead	Hempstead Beacon (1963–) The Beacon (1956–1963)	1956[71]		Weekly[72]	Hempstead Beacon: LCCN sn97-63634 OCLC 24783433 Beacon: LCCN sn97-63635 OCLC 36981670	Edited by Sheila H. Noeth.[72]
Hempstead	Community Reporter	1990s[73]	?	Monthly newspaper[73]	LCCN sn95071200 OCLC 32455649
Hempstead	Economic Forum	1973?[74]	?	Biweekly[74]	ISSN 1041-0864 OCLC 27834429
Hempstead	Hempstead Village Times	1996[75]	?	Unknown[75]	OCLC 37305009
Huntington	Black Starliner	1988[76]	1900s[76]	Monthly newspaper[76]	LCCN sn97063605 OCLC 36145077
Long Island	Long Island Call	1952[77]	?[77]	Weekly[77]
Roosevelt	Community Journal	1993[78]	?	Twice monthly[78] or weekly[79]	LCCN sn97063676 OCLC 36500262	Attested through at least 1996.[79]
West Hempstead	Long Island Rapper	1973[80]	?[80]	Weekly[80]	LCCN sn84031913 OCLC 11386657
Westbury	Long Island Free Press	1970[81]	1970s[81]	Monthly newspaper[81]	LCCN sn93023893 OCLC 15076429
Wyandanch	Point Of View	1900s[82]		Biweekly[82]	LCCN sn95071110 OCLC 32029831	Founded and edited by Delano Stewart.

New York City

A 1920 issue of Marcus Garvey's Negro World.

Newspapers are listed by borough where available.

City	Title	Beginning	End	Frequency	Call numbers	Remarks
Bronx	Caribbean Daylight	1992[83]		Weekly[83]	OCLC 30607441	Official page
Bronx	The Bronx Independent	1956[84]	?[84]	Monthly except July and August[84]
Bronx	The Listener-News: Thought And Opinion / The Listener: Thought And Opinion (1938–1939)[85]	1938[85]	1900s[86]	Weekly[87]	LCCN 2019254365 OCLC 1119557308
Brooklyn	New York Echo	1974[88]	1900s[88]	Weekly[88]	LCCN sn89070005 OCLC 19059738	Published by Echo Reporter Inc.[88]
Brooklyn	The Brooklyn Advocate	1993[89]		Monthly newspaper[89]	OCLC 37517496
Brooklyn	Afro Times / Afro-American Times (1987)[90]	1987[91]		Weekly[91]	ISSN 1044-7199 LCCN sn8907723 OCLC 18878353
Brooklyn	Big Apple After Five	1975[92]	1994?[92]	Weekly[92]	OCLC 33107901
Brooklyn	Black Community	1968[93]	?[93]	Twice monthly newspaper[93]	LCCN sn88084249 OCLC 18487322
Brooklyn	The City Sun	1984[94]	1996[94]	Weekly[94]	OCLC 10868443	Published by Utrice C. Leid. Edited by Andrew Cooper.[94]
Brooklyn	Daily Challenge New York Daily Challenge	1972[95]	?	Daily (except Saturday, Sunday and legal holidays)[95]	ISSN 0746-8865 LCCN sn8409567 OCLC 10378434	Edited by Thomas H. Watkins.[95] Circulation of 79,540 in 1999.[96] Began placing daily news online in 2000.[96] Officially Democratic.[97] Billed as "[t]he City's only black daily."[98]
Brooklyn	Fort Greene News	1991?[99]		Twice a month[99]		Edited by S. Eric Blackwell.[99]
Brooklyn	Haiti Diaspo	1987?[100]	?[100]	Monthly[100]	OCLC 33107897	Published by Haitian Universitarian Association.[100] Mostly in French.[100]
Brooklyn	Haïti Progrès	1983[101]	current	Weekly[101]	ISSN 1047-1405 LCCN sn8902293 OCLC 20621018	Official site In Haitian Creole, English and French.[101]
Brooklyn	The Network Journal	1991?[102]		Monthly[102]	OCLC 29329685	Edited by Njeru Waithaka.[102]
Brooklyn	The New York Beacon Big Red News (1976–1993)[103]	1976[103]	current	Weekly[104]	ISSN 0745-936X LCCN 2009263177, sn97063663 OCLC 44903315, 28188945	Official site Edited by Michael V. O’Neal and published by Walter Smith Jr.[103] Circulation of 24,000.[34]
Brooklyn	New York Recorder	1953[105]	1987[105]	Weekly[105]	LCCN sn84024872 OCLC 11279250	Published by Thomas H. Watkins.[105]
Brooklyn	Our Time Press	1996[106]	current	Monthly[106]	OCLC 37566221	Official site
Brooklyn	Brooklyn Trend	1987[107]	?[107]	Monthly[107]	OCLC 19407726
Brooklyn	The Brooklyn Voice	1939[108]	?[108]	Weekly[108]
Manhattan	Carib News / The New York Carib News: the Weekly Voice of the Caribbean-American Community	1983[109]	current	Weekly[109]	ISSN 0745-8428 LCCN sn900401 OCLC 18335474	Official site Circulation of 15,000.[34]
Manhattan	Freedom's Journal	1827[110]	1829[110]	Weekly[110]	LCCN 00252901, sn83030455 OCLC 44724199, 1570144
Manhattan	The Harlem Advocate	1996[111]		Monthly[111]
Manhattan	The Harlem Bulletin	1937?[112]	?[112]	Weekly[112]		Edited by Columbus A. Austin.[112]
Manhattan	Harlem Chronicle	1938[113]	?[113]	Twice monthly[113]
Manhattan	The Harlem Daily	1965[114]	?[114]	Daily, Monday through Friday[115]	LCCN 2012254016 OCLC 770747938, 30762633	Published by Clyde H. Reid. Edited by Greg Harris.[114]
Manhattan	Harlem Democrat	1949[116]	?[116]	Unknown[116]		Published by The Independent Democrats.[116]
Manhattan	Harlem Evening Star	1928?[117]	?[117]	Three times a week[117]		Published by MacDonald McLean Publishing Company, Inc.
Manhattan	Harlem Heights Daily Citizen	1933[118]	1934[118]	Daily (except Sunday)[118]	LCCN sn93062821, sn94088873 OCLC 27319294, 33030593
Manhattan	Harlem Home Journal	1928?[119]	?[119]	Weekly[119]
Manhattan	Harlem News	1967[120]	1971[120]	Monthly[120]	LCCN sn87073037, sn94083335 OCLC 16349532, 32325047
Manhattan	The Harlem Overheard	1996[121]	?	Quarterly newspaper[121]	OCLC 37502870
Manhattan	Harlem Reporter	1930[122]	?[122]	Weekly[122]		Edited by G. W. Abott.[122]
Manhattan	Harlem Resident Community News / Harlem Community News	1996[123]	current	Biweekly[123]	OCLC 36979146	Official site Edited by Denise Carroll. Published by Pat Stevenson.[123]
Manhattan	Harlem Weekly	1980?[124]	?[124]	Weekly[124]	OCLC 33107890
Manhattan	Harlem Youth Speaks	1970s[125]	?[125]		LCCN sn97047998 OCLC 36950667
Manhattan	Manhattan Tribune	1968[126]	1973?[126]	Weekly[126]	LCCN sn83030578 OCLC 12061694, 17271751, 2236816
Manhattan	The Negro Liberator / Harlem Liberator (1933–1934)[127]	1933[127]	1935[127]	Weekly[127] or twice monthly[128]	LCCN sn91069851, sn91074710 OCLC 17271299, 17267276, 7354750, 28355515, 24957923
Manhattan	The New American / Black American	1972[129]	?	Weekly[129]	ISSN 0890-5983 LCCN sn86011832, sn94082698, sn92028132 OCLC 21399164, 32411924, 12626278	Published by Carl Offord.[129]
Manhattan	The New York News and Harlem Home Journal	1914?[130]	?[130]	Weekly[130]	LCCN sn88063292 OCLC 17758556
Manhattan	Uptown: The Voice of Central Harlem	1979[131]	?[131]	10 times per year[131] or monthly[132]	LCCN sn94093093, sn92060445 OCLC 32794340, 25800167	Founded and published by Helen Brodie Baldwin.[131]
New York	Mr. Muhammad Speaks	1960[133]	1961[133]	Monthly newspaper[133]	LCCN sn93062851 OCLC 27580288
New York	People's Community News	1970[134]	1900s[134]	Weekly[134]	ISSN 2643-2153, 2643-2161 LCCN 2014254017, sn94024807 OCLC 664611342, 31638700
	The Pine And Palm	1861[135]	1861[135]	Weekly[135]	LCCN 2017225065 OCLC 607389373	Published simultaneously in New York and Boston.[135] Promoted emigration to Haiti.[135]
New York	Africa and World News	1977[136]	1978?[136]	Weekly[136]	LCCN sn94053336 OCLC 31357316	Edited by D. C. Aharanwa.[136] Billed as “[t]he first African paper printed in New York.” [136]
New York	African News & Views	1959[137]	?[137]	Irregular[137]	OCLC 32639908
Manhattan	The African Sun Times	1996[138]	?	Twice monthly[138]	OCLC 34795079	Edited and published by Chika A. Onyeani.[138]
New York	The New York Age / New York Age Defender (1953–1957)[139]	1887[140]	1960[141]	Weekly[140]	LCCN sn83030005, sn85042496, sn85042495 OCLC 9274417, 1586054, 10829363, 12572890, 10821926
New York	Alternatives	1973[142]	?	Irregular[142]	LCCN sn93062884, sn94083770 OCLC 27903808, 32342960
New York	The American Recorder	1928[143]	?[143]	Weekly[143]
New York	The American West Indian News	1928[144]	?[144]	Weekly[144]
New York	New York Amsterdam News / Amsterdam News	1909[145]	1941[145]	Weekly[145]	ISSN 0028-7121 LCCN sn86058065, sn7805580 OCLC 13404942, 1586884	Published by Powell-Savory Corp.[145]
New York	New York Amsterdam News	1943[146]	current	Weekly[146]	LCCN sn83030330, sn85042678 OCLC 9480575, 12774267	Official site
New York	New York Amsterdam Star-News	1941[147]	1943[147]	Weekly[147]	LCCN sn85042675, sn85042676 OCLC 12774128, 12774060	Published by Powell-Savory Corp. Edited by C.B. Powell.[147]
New York	The Anglo-African	1860s[148]	1865[148]	Weekly[148]	LCCN sn87055554, sn94090624, sn94090626, 2017225067, sn84023392 OCLC 17199885, 32585080, 32585094, 999606202, 10855217
New York	The Business Journal	1922?[149]	?[149]	Twice a month[149]
New York	The Business World	1921[150]	?[150]	Weekly[150]
New York	Calvin’s Newspaper Service	1935[151]	?[151]	Weekly[151]		Published and edited by Floyd J. Calvin.[151]
New York	Caribbean Echo	1969[152]	1970[152]	Weekly[152]	LCCN sn89070003 OCLC 19059691	Published by Caribbean Enterprises Inc.[152]
New York	Champion	1943[153]	?[153]	Monthly[153]		Published by Harlem Labor Union, Inc. Edited by V. Ollivierre.[153]
New York	New York Citizen-Call	1960[154]	1961[154]	Weekly[154]	LCCN sn87073039 OCLC 16349605
New York	The City Sun	1984[155]	1996[155]	Weekly[155]	ISSN 8750-2720 LCCN sn84027045 OCLC 10868443	Published by City Sun Pub. Co.[155]
New York	The Colored American	1837[156]	1842[156]	Weekly[156]	LCCN sn94084009, 2017225073, sn83030314 OCLC 9858717, 707405582, 2259552, 9805590
New York	Connection: All African Community Newsweekly	1987[157]	?[157]	Weekly[157]	OCLC 32980785	Published by Kwasi S. Scipio-Okpabla.[157]
New York	New York Courier	1961[158]	1971[158]	Weekly[158]	LCCN sn88063137 OCLC 17634562
New York	The Crusader	1853[159]	1854[159]	Weekly[159]	LCCN sn94055940 OCLC 31491872
New York	Daily Journal	2001[160]	?	Daily (except Saturday and Sunday)[160]	ISSN 1536-7762 LCCN 2001215539 OCLC 47799051
New York	The Daily Star	1921[161]	?[161]	Daily[161]		Edited by Arthur V. Craig.[161]
New York	The Dunbar News	1929[162]	?[162]	Biweekly[162]		Attested through at least 1934.[162]
New York	El Mulato	1854[163]	?[163]	Weekly[164] or biweekly[163]	LCCN 2016238235 OCLC 664615783, 31765474	In Spanish.[163]
New York	Ethiopian World	1934[165]	?[165]	Weekly[165]	LCCN sn84037005 OCLC 10575062
New York	New York Evening Express	1955[166]	?[166]	Daily[166]		Published by William L. Watkins Jr.[166]
New York	Freedom	1950[167]	1955[167]	Monthly[167]	OCLC 6512187, 18293472	Published by Freedom Associates [168]
New York	New York Freeman	1884[169]	1887[169]	Weekly[169]	LCCN 2013254343, sn83027102 OCLC 662796872, 10126322, 2937970, 10126348	Published and edited by Timothy Thomas Fortune.[169]
New York	The New York Globe	1880[170]	1884[170]	Weekly[170]	LCCN 2013254345, sn83027106 OCLC 662788640, 10154100, 28463040	Edited by Timothy Thomas Fortune. PUblished by George Parker & Co.[170] Supersedes Rumor and superseded by the New York Freeman.[170]
New York	The Home Journal News	1933[171]	1900s[171]	Weekly[171]	LCCN sn93062822 OCLC 27319304	Extant through at least 1937.[171]
New York	The Hotel Tattler	1922[172]	1924[172]	Weekly[172]	LCCN sn94087425, sn88073079 OCLC 32375759, 18801223
New York	In-formation: Black Revolutionary Newspaper	1965?[173]	?[173]	Unknown[173]	LCCN sn94023523 OCLC 30107147
New York	The Inter-State Tattler	1925[174]	?[174]	Weekly[174]	LCCN sn88073081, sn94087427 OCLC 18801209, 32375779
New York	Kontact	1932[175]	1900s[175]	Irregular[175]	LCCN sn92060451, sn94086226 OCLC 27085691, 32324823	Official organ of the Liberian Knights of Industry.[175]
New York	Liberator	1996[176]		Weekly[176]		Edited by William Pleasant.[176]
New York	The Liberator	1929[177]	1932[177]	Weekly[177]	LCCN sn87090098 OCLC 15502927
New York	The Light: A Journal of Opinion, Information, Inspiration, Education	1927[178]	?[178]	Twice monthly[178]		Published and edited by A. McDonald Ifill.[178]
New York	Lincoln News	1929[179]	?[179]	Weekly[179]
New York	Metro Exchange	1988?[180]	?	Monthly[180]	OCLC 32980742	Edited by Lori Thompson Reid.[180]
New York	National Negro News	1938?[181]	?[181]	Unknown[181]		Published and edited by J.J. Allen.[181]
New York	National New York Amsterdam News	1949[182]	1900s[182]	Weekly[182]	LCCN sn85042679 OCLC 12774326	Published by Powell-Savory Corp.[182]
New York	National News	1932[183]	1932[183]	Weekly[183]	LCCN sn88063377 OCLC 18314307	Edited by George S. Schuyler.[184]
New York	The Negro Champion	1928[185]	1929[185]	Weekly[185]	LCCN 2012218503 OCLC 590631040	"Official organ of and published by the American Negro Labor Congress."[185]
New York	The Negro Times / Daily Negro Times	1920s[186]	?[186]	Daily[186]	LCCN sn93052579 OCLC 28662571	Attested from at least 1923.[186]
New York	The Negro World	1917[187]	1933[187]	Biweekly[187]	LCCN sn84037003 OCLC 19538510, 6688993, 13913248, 10575221	Edited by Marcus Garvey from 1923 to 1932, and M.L.T. DeMena from 1932 to 1933. Had Spanish language section.[188]
New York	The New African Observer	1981[189]	?[189]	Quarterly newspaper[189]		Published by G. Louverture Catus.[189]
New York	New York Dispatch	1920?[190]	?[190]	Weekly[190]		Edited by J.L. Jackson.[190]
New York	The Paper	1970[191]	?	Monthly newspaper[191]	LCCN sn2007059050 OCLC 31945133
New York	The People’s Voice	1942[192]	1948[192]	Weekly[192]	LCCN 2019254368, sn84031138 OCLC 1119557625, 10870853
New York	Pictorial News	1921[193]	?[193]	Weekly[193]		Edited by C. Ben Curley.[193]
New York	The Progressive American	1871[194]	1880s[194]	Weekly[194]	LCCN sn85026600 OCLC 12293057	Edited by John J. Freeman.[194]
New York	The Ram’s Horn	1847[195]	1848[195]	Weekly[195]	LCCN sn84025829 OCLC 10372036, 7250661
New York	The Reporter	1935[196]	1937?[196]	Weekly[196]	LCCN sn89070006, sn94087278 OCLC 19059659, 32374987	Published during the employees' strike against the Amsterdam News.[197]
New York	The Rights of All	1829[198]	1830[198]	Monthly[198]	LCCN 2014254303, sn83027094 OCLC 607390733, 10000851, 2809476
New York	Rumor	1880[199]	1880[199]	Weekly[199]		Published by George Parker & Co.[199]
New York	New York Star & Amsterdam News	1941[200]	1941[200]	Weekly[200]	ISSN 2641-127X LCCN sn85042675 OCLC 12774060	Formed by merger of New York Amsterdam News and New Jersey Star.[200]
New York	New York State Contender	1930?[201]	?[201]	Weekly[201]
New York	The Suffragist	1880[202]	?[202]	Weekly[202]	LCCN sn94082945 OCLC 19333181	Published and edited by J.W.A. Shaw.[202]
New York	The Tattler	1924[203]	1920s[203]	Weekly[203]	LCCN sn94087426, sn88073080 OCLC 32375772, 18801240
New York	The Union	1876[204]	1890s[204]	Weekly[204]	LCCN sn83031031 OCLC 9749003	Edited and published by Charles Henry Bauer.[204]
New York	The Unique Advertiser	1904?[205]	?[205]	Weekly[205]		Edited by J. R. Pedro.[205]
New York	Weekly Advocate	1837[206]	1837[206]	Weekly[206]	LCCN 2017225072, sn83030315 OCLC 524517324, 9460991
New York	The Weekly Anglo-African	1859[207]	1862[208]	Weekly[207]	LCCN 2017225064, sn83030179, 2017225066, sn94090625, sn84023391 OCLC 794288668, 9370610, 607392488, 32585086, 10855160, 2773967	Numbering restarted with vol. 1, no. 1 on July 27, 1861.[208] Published and edited by Thomas Hamilton.[209]
New York	The West Indian Times and American Review	1928[210]	?[210]	Weekly[210]		Edited by Samuel Manning.[210]
New York	Woman’s Echo	1948?[211]	?[211]	Monthly[211]		Edited by Wittie Anna Biggins.[211]
New York	World Echo / World Peace Echo	1934[212]	1934[212]	Weekly[212]	LCCN sn84037004 OCLC 10575045
New York	World Health	1936[213]	1937[213]	Weekly[213]	LCCN sn94090657 OCLC 32591782	Published by A. Honaeel.[213]
Queens, New York (Jamaica)	Beton Arme	1994[214]	?[214]	Biweekly[214]	OCLC 30771861	50% in French.[214] Published by Patrick Xavier.[214]
Queens, New York (Jamaica)	Brooklyn Informer	1920[215]	?[215]	Weekly[215]		Edited by William S. McKinney Jr.[215]
Queens, New York (Jamaica)	The Jamaican Gleaner	1940[216]	?[216]	Biweekly[216]
Queens, New York (Jamaica)	Long Island Review	1937[217]	?[217]	Twice monthly[217]
Queens, New York (Jamaica)	Long Island Star	1953[218]	?[218]	Weekly[218]	LCCN sn93062825, sn94081628 OCLC 27319441, 32229798
Queens, New York (Jamaica)	New Voice Of New York, Inc	1999[219]	?	Weekly[219]	ISSN 1538-3024 LCCN sn2001061928 OCLC 40930099	Official site
Queens, New York (Jamaica)	The New York Page	1984[220]	?	Irregular[220]	LCCN sn2007059038 OCLC 55151995
Queens, New York (Jamaica)	The New York Voice	1971[221]	?[221]	Weekly[221]	LCCN sn94093011, sn84031332 OCLC 33390279, 10975737
Queens, New York (Jamaica)	The Queens Voice	1959[222]	1970[222]	Weekly[222]	LCCN sn84024320 OCLC 11171622
Queens, New York (Jamaica)	The Voice	1970[223]	1971[223]	Weekly[223]	LCCN sn84031046 OCLC 11168124
Queens, New York (Jamaica)	The Weekly Gleaner	1976?[224]		Weekly[224]	ISSN 1018-2330 OCLC 29736292
Queens, New York (Jamaica)	Weekly Star	1995?[225]	?[225]	Weekly[225]	ISSN 1018-2330 OCLC 38274502	Published by Gleaner Publishing Company.[225]
Queens (Corona)	Enspire	1996[226]		Monthly[226]
Queens (Fresh Meadows / Jamaica (1968–1981) / Flushing) [227]	New York Voice, Inc. Harlem USA	1958[227]	1990s[228]	Weekly[227] or biweekly [228]	ISSN 0042-8051 LCCN sn84024320, sn84031046, sn84031332 OCLC 2659604, 10975737, 11168124, 11171622
Staten Island	The Black Agenda	1900s[229]	?	Monthly newspaper[229]	LCCN sn2001061931 OCLC 46868320	Attested through at least 2001.[229]
Staten Island	The Staten Island Black Press	1979[230]	?[230]	Unknown[230]
Staten Island	The Black Reign Community Newspaper	1996[231]	?	Biweekly[231]	LCCN sn2001061946, sn2001061945 OCLC 39497011, 37146063

See also

• List of African-American newspapers and media outlets
• List of African-American newspapers in Connecticut
• List of African-American newspapers in Massachusetts
• List of African-American newspapers in New Jersey
• List of African-American newspapers in Pennsylvania
• List of newspapers in New York

Works cited

• Danky, James Philip; Hady, Maureen E., eds. (1998). African-American newspapers and periodicals : a national bibliography. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674007888.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Ford, Angela; McFall, Kevin; Dabney, Bob (February 2019). "African American Media Today: Building The Future From The Past" (PDF). Democracy Fund.
• Smith, Jessie Carney (2012). Black Firsts: 4,000 Ground-Breaking and Pioneering Historical Events. Visible Ink Press. ISBN 9781578593699.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Smith, Jessie Carney; Horton, Carrell Peterson, eds. (1995). Historical Statistics of Black America: Media to Vital Statistics. Gale Research. ISBN 0810393921.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

References

1. "About Albany capitol. (Albany, N.Y.) 189?-1???". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
2. "About The community news. (Albany, N.Y.) 1993-1993". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
3. "About The community chronicle. [volume] (Albany, N.Y.) 1993-199?". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
4. "About The Fortnightly spectator. (Albany and Buffalo, N.Y.) 1899-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
5. "About The Albany liberator. [microfilm reel] (Albany, N.Y.) 196?-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
6. "About The Sojourn-herald. [volume] (Albany, N.Y.) 1993-1994". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
7. "About The New York sojourner-herald. [online resource] (Albany, N.Y.) 1994-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
8. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 431, ¶ 4486.
9. "About The northern star and freemen's advocate. [online resource] (Albany [N.Y.]) 1842-18??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
10. "About South End scene. [volume] (Albany, N.Y.) 1977-1985". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
11. "About The scene. ([Albany, N.Y.]) 1985-199?". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
12. "About Urban voices. (Albany, NY) 2000-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
13. "About Whazup!. (Albany, NY) 1994-199?". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
14. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 120, ¶ 1244.
15. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 92, ¶ 940.
16. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 120, ¶ 1246.
17. "About The Metropolitan Buffalo criterion. [volume] (Buffalo, N.Y.) 1973-1978". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
18. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 120, ¶ 1248.
19. "About The Empire star. (Buffalo, N.Y.) 1948-1953". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-03-31. About The Empire star. (Buffalo, N.Y.) 1948-1953
20. "About The Empire star weekly. (Buffalo, N.Y.) 1953-????". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
21. Smith & Horton 1995, p. 1206.
22. "About Empire state bulletin. [volume] (Buffalo, N.Y.) 1966-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
23. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 224, ¶ 2341.
24. "About The Buffalo guardian. [volume] (Buffalo, N.Y.) 1946-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
25. "About The Buffalo newscaster. [volume] (Buffalo, N.Y.) 1963-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
26. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 121, ¶ 1250.
27. "About Buffalo weekly challenger. [volume] (Buffalo, N.Y.) 1977-1979". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
28. "About Buffalo, New York challenger news weekly. [volume] (Buffalo, N.Y.) 1962-197?". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
29. "About Buffalo challenger. (Buffalo, N.Y.) 1979-1981". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
30. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 143, ¶ 1484.
31. "About The Westchester County press. [volume] (Hastings on Hudson, N.Y.) 1928-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
32. "About The Westchester County press. [microfilm reel] (Hastings-on-Hudson, N.Y.) 19??-????". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
33. AJ Woodson (2018-07-30). "PBP Radio Ep177 – Blacks In Media". Black Westchester Magazine. Retrieved 2020-01-26. Our guests this week are Justin Walters – Fios1 News Sportcaster and Sandra Blackwell – Editor & Publisher of Westchester County Press.
34. Ford 2019, p. 14.
35. "About The monitor. (Ithaca, N.Y.) 1923-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
36. "About The Wheat Street independent. ([Ithaca, N.Y.) 1990-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
37. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 610, ¶ 6378.
38. "About Us - Hudson Valley Press Newspaper". Retrieved 2020-01-26. Initially named The Hudson Valley Black Press, the newspaper was first published in Newburgh, New York on November 24, 1983.
39. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 285, ¶ 2999.
40. "About Mid-Hudson herald. (Poughkeepsie, N.Y.) 1968-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
41. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 495, ¶ 5167.
42. "About Communicade. [volume] (Rochester, N.Y.) 1972-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
43. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 167, ¶ 1736.
44. "About Douglass' monthly. [volume] (Rochester, N.Y.) 1858-1863". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
45. "About Frederick Douglass voice. (Rochester, N.Y.) 1967-197?". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
46. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 236, ¶ 2476.
47. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 236, ¶ 2475.
48. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 430, ¶ 4478.
49. Smith & Horton 1995, p. 1207.
50. "About Rochester voice. (Rochester, N.Y.) 194?-1967 « Chronicling America « Library of Congress". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-03-31.
51. "About The Voice. (Rochester, N.Y.) 1933-194?". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
52. "About The communicator. [volume] (Schenectady, N.Y.) 1993-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
53. "About The Syracuse banner. (Syracuse, N.Y.) 1980-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
54. "About CNY Syracuse gazette. (Syracuse, N.Y.) 1980-1980". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
55. "About Syracuse challenger. (Syracuse, N.Y.) 1970-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
56. "About The Syracuse constitution. (Syracuse, N.Y.) 1989-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
57. "About The Syracuse crusader. (Syracuse, N.Y.) 1988-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
58. "About Syracuse gazette news weekly. (Syracuse, N.Y.) 1973-1976". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
59. "About Syracuse gazette. (Syracuse, N.Y.) 19??-1973". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
60. "About The Syracuse gazette. (Syracuse, N.Y.) 1976-1980". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
61. "About Home town news. (Syracuse, N.Y.) 196?-196?". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
62. "About The impartial citizen. [volume] (Syracuse, N.Y.) 1980-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
63. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 292, ¶ 3072.
64. "About Progressive herald. (Syracuse, N.Y.) 1932-1957". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
65. "About The Black sentinel. (Utica, N.Y.) 1983-1983". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
66. "About The Utica sentinel. (Utica, N.Y.) 1983-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
67. "About The western echo. (Utica, N.Y.) 187?-1???". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
68. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 610, ¶ 6377.
69. "About Community journal. (Freeport, N.Y.) 1993-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
70. "About New York trend. [volume] (Great Neck, N.Y.) 1991-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
71. "About Beacon. (Hempstead, N.Y.) 1956-1963". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-26.
72. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 273, ¶ 2866.
73. "About Community reporter. (Hempstead, N.Y.) 199?-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
74. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 206, ¶ 2151.
75. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 273, ¶ 2867.
76. "About Black starliner. ([Huntington, N.Y.]) 1988-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
77. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 345, ¶ 3616.
78. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 169, ¶ 1758.
79. "About The community journal. (Roosevelt, N.Y.) 1993-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
80. "About Long Island rapper. [volume] (West Hempstead, N.Y.) 1973-????". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
81. "About Long Island free press. (Westbury, N.Y.) 1970-197?". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
82. "About Point of view. [volume] (Wyandanch, N.Y.) 19??-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
83. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 136, ¶ 1407.
84. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 116, ¶ 1202.
85. "About The Listener : thought and opinion. [online resource] (Bronx, N.Y.) 1938-1939". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
86. "About The Listener-news: thought and opinion. [online resource] (Bronx, N.Y.) 1939-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
87. "About The Listener-news: thought and opinion. [online resource] (Bronx, N.Y.) 1939-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
88. "About New York echo. ([Brooklyn, N.Y.]) 1974-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
89. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 117, ¶ 1215.
90. "About Afro-American times. (Brooklyn, N.Y.) 1987-1987". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
91. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 22, ¶ 224.
92. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 69, ¶ 718.
93. "About Black community. (Brooklyn, N.Y.) 1968-????". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
94. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 155, ¶ 1609.
95. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 183, ¶ 1908.
96. Randy Dotinga (May 12, 2000). "Largest newspapers are now all online". Editor & Publisher Magazine. Retrieved 2020-01-26. 137. The Daily Challenge (New York, N.Y.) 79,540
97. Tom Scocca (2004-11-01). "Off the Record". Observer. Retrieved 2020-01-26. The Daily Challenge, he said, is officially Democratic, just like the Board of Elections requires.
98. "About Daily challenge. (Brooklyn, N.Y.) 1972-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
99. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 233, ¶ 2446.
100. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 260, ¶ 2733.
101. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 261, ¶ 2744.
102. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 405, ¶ 4218.
103. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 70, ¶ 723.
104. "About The New York beacon. [online resource] (Brooklyn, N.Y.) 1993-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
105. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 417, ¶ 4330.
106. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 448, ¶ 4670.
107. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 118, ¶ 1218.
108. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 118, ¶ 1219.
109. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 416, ¶ 4320.
110. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 240, ¶ 2517.
111. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 267, ¶ 2797.
112. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 267, ¶ 2798.
113. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 267, ¶ 2800.
114. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 267, ¶ 2802.
115. "About The Harlem daily. [online resource] (New York, N.Y.) 1965-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
116. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 267, ¶ 2803.
117. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 268, ¶ 2805.
118. "About Harlem Heights daily citizen. (New York [N.Y.]) 1933-1934". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
119. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 268, ¶ 2807.
120. "About Harlem news. (New York) 1967-1971". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
121. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 268, ¶ 2810.
122. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 268, ¶ 2814.
123. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 269, ¶ 2815.
124. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 269, ¶ 2823.
125. "About Harlem youth speaks. [microfilm reel] ([New York, N.Y.]) 197?-????". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
126. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 352, ¶ 3686.
127. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 401, ¶ 4176.
128. "About Negro liberator. (New York, N.Y.) 1934-1935". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
129. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 406, ¶ 4231.
130. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 416, ¶ 4328.
131. "About Uptown. [microfilm reel] (New York, N.Y.) 1979-????". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
132. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 581, ¶ 6080.
133. "About Mr. Muhammad speaks. ([New York, N.Y.) 1960-1961". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
134. "About People's community news. [online resource] ([Harlem) 1970-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
135. "About The Pine and palm. [online resource] (Boston and New York) 1861-1861". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
136. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 11, ¶ 106.
137. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 16, ¶ 160.
138. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 17, ¶ 173.
139. "About New York age defender. [microfilm reel] (New York, N.Y.) 1953-1957". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
140. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 414, ¶ 4313.
141. "About New York age. [microfilm reel] (New York, N.Y.) 1957-1960". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
142. "About Alternatives. (New York, N.Y.) 1973-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
143. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 42, ¶ 424.
144. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 43, ¶ 432.
145. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 415, ¶ 4314.
146. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 415, ¶ 4315.
147. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 415, ¶ 4316.
148. "About The Anglo-African. (New York) 186?-1865". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
149. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 126, ¶ 1304.
150. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 126, ¶ 1306.
151. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 130, ¶ 1353.
152. "About Caribbean echo. (New York [N.Y.]) 1969-1970". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
153. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 143, ¶ 1488.
154. "About New York citizen-call. (New York, N.Y.) 1960-1961". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
155. "About The City sun. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1984-1996". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
156. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 161, ¶ 1675.
157. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 172, ¶ 1790.
158. "About New York courier. (New York, N.Y.) 1961-1971". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
159. "About The crusader. (New-York [N.Y.]) 1853-1854". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
160. "About Daily journal. (New York, NY) 2001-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
161. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 184, ¶ 1914.
162. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 201, ¶ 2096.
163. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 208, ¶ 2172.
164. "About El mulato. [online resource] (New York, N.Y.) 1854-????". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
165. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 215, ¶ 2249.
166. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 416, ¶ 4322.
167. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 239, ¶ 2503.
168. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 416, ¶ 2503.
169. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 416, ¶ 4323.
170. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 416, ¶ 4324.
171. "About The Home journal news. (New York [N.Y.]) 1933-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
172. "About The hotel tattler. [microfilm reel] (New York [N.Y.]) 1922-1924". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
173. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 296, ¶ 3119.
174. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 305, ¶ 3209.
175. "About Kontact. (New York, N.Y.) 1932-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
176. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 337, ¶ 3530.
177. "About The liberator. (New York, N.Y.) 1929-1932". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
178. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 339, ¶ 3558.
179. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 341, ¶ 3578.
180. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 360, ¶ 3769.
181. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 392, ¶ 4083.
182. "About National New York Amsterdam news. [volume] (New York) 1949-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
183. "About National news. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1932-1932". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
184. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 393, ¶ 4091.
185. "About The Negro champion. [volume] (New York) 1928-1929". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
186. "About The Negro times. (New York [N.Y.]) 192?-????". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
187. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 403, ¶ 4203.
188. "About The Negro world. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1917-1933". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
189. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 405, ¶ 4225.
190. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 416, ¶ 4321.
191. "About The Paper. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1970-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
192. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 460, ¶ 4799.
193. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 463, ¶ 4830.
194. "About The progressive American. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1871-188?". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
195. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 483, ¶ 5040.
196. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 489, ¶ 5104.
197. "About The Reporter. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1935-193?". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
198. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 494, ¶ 5157.
199. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 497, ¶ 5189.
200. "About New York star & Amsterdam news. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1941-1941". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
201. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 417, ¶ 4333.
202. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 547, ¶ 5712.
203. "About The tattler. [microfilm reel] (New York [N.Y.]) 1924-192?". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
204. "About The union. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1876-189?". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
205. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 578, ¶ 6035.
206. "About Weekly advocate. [online resource] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1837-1837". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
207. "About The weekly Anglo-African. [online resource] (New York [N.Y.]) 1859-1861". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
208. "About The weekly Anglo-African. [online resource] (New York) 1861-1862". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
209. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 605, ¶ 6328.
210. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 609, ¶ 6363.
211. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 618, ¶ 6461.
212. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 621, ¶ 6492.
213. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 621, ¶ 6493.
214. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 68, ¶ 703.
215. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 118, ¶ 1217.
216. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 310, ¶ 3262.
217. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 345, ¶ 3618.
218. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 345, ¶ 3619.
219. "About New voice of New York, inc. (Jamaica, NY) 1999-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
220. "About The New York page. (Jamaica, N.Y.) 1984-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
221. "About The New York voice. [microfilm reel] (Jamaica, N.Y.) 1971-????". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
222. "About The Queens voice. [volume] (Jamaica, N.Y.) 1959-1970". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
223. "About The voice. [volume] (Jamaica, N.Y.) 1970-1971". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
224. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 606, ¶ 6340.
225. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 608, ¶ 6356.
226. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 212, ¶ 2212.
227. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 417, ¶ 4334.
228. "About New York voice, inc. Harlem USA. (Flushing, N.Y.) 1958-199?". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
229. "About The Black agenda. (Staten Island, N.Y.) 19??-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
230. Danky & Hady 1998, p. 542, ¶ 5646.
231. "About The Black reign community newspaper. [volume] (Staten Island, N.Y.) 1996-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.