Leon Walerian Ostroróg

Leon Walerian Ostroróg (1867 in Paris – 1932 in London), was an Islamic scholar, jurist, adviser to the Ottoman government and émigré in Istanbul. He was also a writer and translator.

Count Leon Walerian Ostroróg
Born
Leon Walerian Ostroróg

(1867-06-20)20 June 1867
Paris, France
Died29 July 1932(1932-07-29) (aged 65)
London, United Kingdom
Resting placeIstanbul, Turkey
NationalityPolish, British and French
EducationSorbonne University
Occupationscholar, jurist, government adviser, translator and writer
Years active1891-1930
Eralate 19th- and early 20th-centuries
Known forTurkish government adviser and Islamic jurisprudence, member of Polish delegation at the Paris Peace Conference, 1919
Spouse(s)Marie-Jeanne Carmel Lorando
Children2
Parent(s)Count Stanisław Julian Ostroróg and Teodozja Waleria Gwozdecka
RelativesStanisław Julian Ignacy Ostroróg, Stanislas Ostroróg, Gustaw Gwozdecki,
The family coat of arms, Nałęcz

Early life

Ostroróg was the third son of Count Stanisław Julian Ostroróg, a British and France-based Polish emigrant of noble descent and his wife, Teodozja Waleria Gwozdecka. The family travelled frequently between the UK, France and Poland. The father was a noted Victorian photographer, who after working in Marseilles and Paris, eventually settled in London.[1] Meanwhile, Ostroróg underwent schooling in France and attended the Sorbonne where he completed a doctorate, later specialising in Islamic Law.[2]

Career
Leon Ostroróg's Yali in Kandilli on the Bosporus waterfront

He was attracted to the Ottoman Empire as it was a popular destination for the exiled Polish diaspora in the 19th-century. It was also a place to which his father had travelled in his youth and is reputed to have taken a death-bed photograph of the Polish bard, Adam Mickiewicz. His first job was as an adviser in the Ottoman Public Administration of debt in Istanbul. His erudition and social connections led to a friendship with a number of French intellectuals, including, Pierre Loti. He was later taken on as a government adviser despite his christian origins. He kept his employment status through the Young Turk Revolution, until 1914. With the outbreak of the I World War, he returned to Europe. By 1918 his star in Istanbul had waned and his contract with the government was terminated. He was enamoured of the country and married Marie-Jeanne Lorando of christian European descent, but from a long-established Levantine family with whom he had two sons, Jean and Stanislas.[3] The younger of the two, Stanislas became a French diplomat. He also had a traditional wooden mansion, a Yali built in Kandilli on the Bosphorus waterfront, which stands to this day.

Count Ostroróg was a member of the Polish delegation to the Paris Peace Conference, 1919.[4] According to The New York Times obituary about him, he was a contributor to the Encyclopædia Britannica.

Later in life, he settled in London where he lectured at University College London in Turkish studies. He died in London and his body was taken for burial back to Turkey. His contribution to Turkish-European relations is said to have been significant and his role in Turkey becoming a modern state is still being evaluated.[5]

Works

His publications include:

  • "Droit romain: de la comptabilité des banquiers à Rome. Droit français et législation comparée de la constitution des sociétés anonymes en France, dans l’empire allemand et en Grande-Bretagne". Doctoral Thesis, Paris: L. Larose et Forcel, (1892)
  • El-Ahkam Es-Soulhaniya, Paris: Ernest Leroux, (1900-01), 2 vols. Translation of the works of Islamic jurist, el-Mawardi. Review in the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland:
  • Conférence sur la Renaissance du Japon, Istanbul: Ahmed Ihsan, (1911)
  • Pour la réforme de la justice ottomane. Paris: A. Pedone, (1912)
  • Le problème turc. Paris: Maison Ernest Leroux, (1917)
  • The British Empire and the Mohammedans, (1918) an essay by Count Leon Ostroróg, National Archives, Kew, ref. FO 141/786/5
  • The Turkish Problem: things seen and a few deductions. London: Chatto & Windus, (1919)
  • The Angora Reform: Three Lectures Delivered at the Centenary Celebrations of University College on June 27, 28 & 29, 1927. London: University of London Press, (1927)
  • "Les droits de l’homme et des minorités dans le droit musulman". Revue de droit international, 5, 1–22. (1930)
  • Pierre Loti à Constantinople, (1927)
  • The book of Count Lucanor and Patronio : a translation of Don Juan Manuel's El Conde Lucanor, (1925)
  • Rinconet et Cortadille : tableaux de l'ancienne Espagne tirés de la nouvelle de Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra

References
  1. Aneta Ostroróg. (2005) http://bazhum.muzhp.pl/media//files/Pamietnik_Biblioteki_Kornickiej/Pamietnik_Biblioteki_Kornickiej-r2005-t27/Pamietnik_Biblioteki_Kornickiej-r2005-t27-s217-225/Pamietnik_Biblioteki_Kornickiej-r2005-t27-s217-225.pdf (in Polish) Journal of the archives of Kornik Castle. accessed 2018.12.31.
  2. Dominik, Paulina (2017). "Pour la réforme de la justice ottomane: Count Leon Walerian Ostroróg (1867–1932) and His Activities in the Final Decades of the Ottoman empire". Slavia Meridionalis. 17: 1–19. doi:10.11649/sm.1441. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
  3. Paulina Dominik
  4. New York Times, 30 July 1932, wire about the death of Count Leon Ostroróg, photograph of cutting in M. Emin Elmacı A Pioneer in Ottoman Law Reform: Kont Leon Ostrorog (in Turkish) with English summary
  5. Paulina Dominik
  • M. Emin Elmacı A Pioneer in Ottoman Law Reform: Kont Leon Ostrorog (in Turkish) with English summary and several photographs
  • Ali Adem Yörük - Entry in the Turkish Islam Encyclopedia with photograph (in Turkish)
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