Legal Adviser to the Foreign and Commonwealth Office

The Legal Adviser to the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (known as Legal Adviser to the Foreign Office until1968) is the chief legal adviser and the head of the Legal Directorate of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office. The current Legal Adviser is Sir Iain Macleod.

History

Until 1872, it was the practice of the Foreign Office to seek legal advice from the Law Officers of the Crown and from the Queen's Advocate General. That year, Sir Travers Twiss, the Queen's Advocate resigned, and the office lapsed. In 1876, Sir Julian Pauncefote was appointed an assistant under secretary to provide in-house legal advice to the Foreign Office, although he never held the title of Legal Adviser.[1]

In 1886, Edward Davidson was appointed Legal Assistant to the Foreign Office. When Pauncefote was appointed British Minister to the United States in 1892, the Foreign Office List began to list Davidson as Legal Adviser eo nomine. In 1896 he was listed immediately below under secretaries and ahead of the chief clerk.[1]

Duties

The Legal Adviser heads the Legal Directorate of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, which is responsible for providing legal advice to FCO ministers and officials. In 2013, the Directorate had a staff of 70, of whom around 50 are lawyers based in London. Some legal advisers are also posted abroad.[2]

The Legal Adviser ranks as a director general, reporting directly to the Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. Reporting to him are four deputy legal advisers, legal counsellors, and assistant legal advisers.[2]

Holders

Sir William Edward Davidson (1886–1918; eo nomine from 1892)
Sir Cecil James Barrington Hurst (1918–1929)
Sir Herbert William Malkin (1929–1945)
Sir William Eric Beckett (1945–1953)
Sir Gerald Gray Fitzmaurice (1953–1960)
Sir Francis Aimé Vallat (1960–1968)
Sir William Vincent John Evans (1968–1975)
Sir James Carnegie McPetrie (1968–1971)
Sir Ian McTaggart Sinclair (1976–1984)
Sir John Redvers Freeland (1984–1987)
Sir Arthur Desmond Watts (1987–1991)
Sir Franklin Delow Berman (1991–1999)
Sir Michael Charles Wood (1999–2006)
Sir Daniel Lincoln Bethlehem (2006–2011)
Sir Iain Macleod (2011–)

References

Simpson, Brian (2005). "The Rule of Law in International Affairs". In Marshall, P. J. (ed.). Proceedings of the British Academy Volume 125, 2003 Lectures (PDF). Oxford University Press.
"United Kingdom" (PDF). Council of Europe. March 2013.

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[:0-1] Simpson, Brian (2005). "The Rule of Law in International Affairs". In Marshall, P. J. (ed.). Proceedings of the British Academy Volume 125, 2003 Lectures (PDF). Oxford University Press.

[:1-2] "United Kingdom" (PDF). Council of Europe. March 2013.