Lazy Dog (bomb)

A Lazy Dog (sometimes called a Red Dot Bomb or Yellow Dog Bomb[1]) is a small, unguided kinetic projectile typically about 1.75 inches (44 mm) in length, 0.5 inches (13 mm) in diameter, and weighing about 0.7 ounces (20 g).[1]

For other uses, see Lazy Dog.
Two designs of the Lazy Dog bomb. (Top: early forged steel design; Bottom: later lathe-turned steel design)

The weapons were designed to be dropped from an aircraft. They contained no explosive charge but as they fell they would develop significant kinetic energy[2] making them lethal and able to easily penetrate soft cover such as jungle canopy, several inches of sand, or light armor.[3] Lazy Dog munitions were simple and cheap; they could be dropped in huge numbers in a single pass.[3] Though their effects were often no less gruesome or indiscriminate than other projectiles, they did not leave unexploded ordnance (UXO) that could be active years after a conflict ended.

Lazy Dog projectiles were used primarily during the Korean and the Vietnam Wars.

Development
World War I air-dropped flechettes, probably French.

Lazy Dog munitions had precursors in air-dropped flechettes dating from World War I.

Lazy Dogs in their familiar form were descended from projectiles of almost identical design and appearance that were originally developed early in World War II (as early as 1941). The Korean War–era and Vietnam War–era "Lazy Dog" was further developed, tested and deployed into the 1950s and 1960s.

Originally an Armament Laboratory program codenamed Lazy Dog, the weapon's development involved Delco Products Corporation, F&F Mold and Die Works, Inc., Haines Designed Products, and Master Vibrator Company of Dayton.[4] The project objective was to design and test free-fall missiles and their dispensing units for use in bombers and fighters. Lazy Dog anti-personnel missiles were designed to spray enemy troops with small projectiles with three times the force of standard air-burst bombs. The Armament Laboratory worked with the Flight Test Laboratory to conduct wind tunnel tests of a number of bomb shapes which design studies indicated to be the most efficient for storage and release from high performance aircraft.[4]

Experimental Lazy Dog projectiles of various shapes and sizes were tested at Air Proving Ground, Eglin AFB, Florida, in late 1951 and early 1952. An F-84 flying at 400 knots and 75 feet (23 m) above the ground served as the test bed while a jeep and a B-24 were the targets.[4] The result was eight hits per square yard. Tests revealed Shapes 2 and 5 to be the most effective. Shape 5, an improved basic Lazy Dog slug, had the force of a .50 caliber bullet and could penetrate 24 inches (61 cm) of packed sand.[4] Shape 2 could penetrate 12 inches (30 cm) of sand—twice as much as a .45 caliber slug fired point blank.[4]

Deployment
AD-5N Skyraider, BuNo 132521, Lazy Dog dispenser, China Lake, 13 Apr 1961. Official U.S. Navy photo.
A Mk 44 Lazy Dog cluster adapter.

The Shape 2 projectile was sent to the Far East Air Force for combat use by mid-1952.[4] FEAF immediately ordered 16,000 Lazy Dog weapon systems.[4] An Air Force Lieutenant Colonel named Haile attached to the Armament Laboratory spent 90 days in Japan to set up local manufacture of the Lazy Dog weapons and train crew members in their use. Project Lazy Dog continued throughout 1952 to determine the optimum characteristics for stable dispersion containers and the feasibility of substituting a Lazy Dog warhead for the explosive nose of the Matador missile. The Lazy Dog program was still ongoing in the late 1950s.[4]

Lazy Dog projectiles could be dropped from almost any kind of flying vehicle. They could be hurled from buckets, dropped by hand, thrown in their small shipping bags made of paper, or placed in a Mark 44 cluster adaptor—a simple hinged casing with bins built in to hold the projectiles, opened by a mechanical time delay fuze. The adaptors themselves were 69.9 inches long and 14.18 inches in diameter. They would be shipped empty, then filled by hand. Depending on how many projectiles could be packed in, loaded weight varied between 560 and 625 pounds, with the theoretical maximum number of projectiles listed as 17,500.

Regardless of how they were released into the air, each "Lazy Dog" projectile would develop an enormous amount of kinetic energy as it fell, penetrating nearly any material upon hitting the ground. Some reports say that their speeds often exceeded 700 feet per second (480 mph; 210 m/s) before impact.[5]

A variant version of the "Lazy Dog" projectile was developed for the recoilless rifle. However, development was suspended because another kind of flechette solution was used for the recoilless rifle instead.

See also

References
  1. Karmes 2014.
  2. Eades & Powers 1964, passim.
  3. Pursglove 1962.
  4. Tagg 2001.
  5. Karmes 2014, p. 117.

Bibliography
  • Karmes, David (2014). The Patricia Lynn Project. ISBN 9781491752272.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Tagg, Lori S. (2001). "7". On the Front Line of R&D. ASC History Office. Archived from the original on 9 January 2010.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Pursglove, S David (February 1962). "Bizarre Weapons for the Little Wars". Popular Mechanics. Hearst Magazines. 117 (2): 107–112. Retrieved 17 May 2018.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Eades, J.B.; Powers, C. (1964). Static and Dynamic Stability Studies on Several Lazy Dog Configurations (PDF). U.S. Navy Ordnance Laboratory, White Oak, Maryland. Retrieved 18 May 2018.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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