Lawson A. Scruggs

Lawson Andrew Scruggs (1857–1914)[1] was an early African-American physician in North Carolina. He was active in politics and civil rights. In 1893, he published a noted volume of biographies of African-American Women, Women of Distinction.

Lawson Andrew Scruggs
Born	January 15, 1857[1] Bedford, Virginia
Died	December 1, 1914 (aged 57) [1] Raleigh, North Carolina
Alma mater	Shaw University
Occupation	physician, writer
Political party	Republican
Spouse(s)	Lucie Johnson (1864–1892) Phoebe Turner (1856–1939) [1]

Early life

Lawson Scruggs was born a slave in Virginia in 1857 to George W. and Maria W. Scruggs.[1][2] shortly before the start of the American Civil War (1861–1865). His education was funded by the American Baptist Home Mission Society and earned a medical degree from Leonard Medical School at Shaw University in 1887.[3][4]

Career

Lawson Andrew Scruggs met Lucie Johnson at Shaw University and they married on 22 February 1888. They were married at St. Mark's Methodist Episcopal Church, New York by Rev. Henry Lyman Morehouse. They moved to Raleigh where his wife joined the Blount Street Baptist Church and other intellectual organisations.[5]

After gaining their medical degrees from Shaw, Scruggs and two of his classmates, J. T. Williams and Manassa Thomas Pope, were denied membership in the North Carolina Medical Association. Together with A. B. Moore, they organized a new society, the Old North State Medical Society.[6] In the late 1890s, Scruggs became attending physician at St. Agnes Hospital in Raleigh, North Carolina.[4] He also served on the faculty at Leonard Medical School.[7] In the late 1890s and early 1900s, violence in North Carolina against blacks intensified, and many blacks emigrated West. Scruggs, Shaw classmates J. T. Williams and Manassa Pope, James H. Young, Samuel Vick, and Henry Cheatham were central in efforts to organize black Republican support for those who remained.[8] In general, Scruggs was politically conservative and sought stability and interracial harmony, a position which occasionally put him at odds with state Republican leader, Daniel Lindsay Russell.[9]

Scruggs was an advocate for African-American Women. In 1893, two separate volumes about African American women, Noted Negro Women by Monroe Alpheus Majors and Women of Distinction by Scruggs, were published in 1893 and represented entries into the genre which did focus on women.[10] Scruggs felt that African-American women were greatly mistreated, and that in order to achieve eminence, it is necessary for an African-American woman to have, "fought a fierce and bloody battle almost every step of her way."[11]

References

1. Lawson A. Scruggs at Find a Grave
2. Zogry, Kenneth Joel. The House that Dr. Pope Built: Race, Politics, Memory and the Early Struggle for Civil Rights in North Carolina. ProQuest, 2008 p144
3. Harley, Sharon, and Rosalyn Terborg-Penn. The Afro-American Woman: Struggles and Images. Black Classic Press, 1997. p39
4. Joe A. Mobley. Raleigh: A Brief History. Arcadia Publishing, November 27, 2009
5. Scruggs 1893, p. 331-37.
6. Zogry 2008. p55
7. Zogry 2008, p146
8. Zogry 2008, p127-129
9. Crow, Jeffrey J., and Robert F. Durden. Maverick Republican in the Old North State: A Political Biography of Daniel L. Russell. LSU Press, 1999. p58-59
10. Des Jardins, Julie. Women and the historical enterprise in America: gender, race, and the politics of memory, 1880–1945. UNC Press Books, 2003. p127-128
11. May, Vivian M. Anna Julia Cooper, visionary black feminist: A critical introduction. Routledge, 2007. p72

Bibliography

• Powell, William S. (November 9, 2000). Dictionary of North Carolina Biography: Vol. 5, P-S. Univ of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-6700-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Scruggs, Lawson Andrew (1893). Women of Distinction: Remarkable in Works and Invincible in Character (Public domain ed.). L. A. Scruggs.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)o